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Elucidating pheromone and host volatile components attractive to the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in eastern Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2013

K.L. Ryall ,
P. Silk ,
G.S. Thurston ,
T.A. Scarr  and
P. de Groot
K.L. Ryall*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
P. Silk
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
G.S. Thurston
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
T.A. Scarr
Affiliation:
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 70 Foster Drive, Suite 400, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 6V5
P. de Groot
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: kryall@nrcan.gc.ca). Subject editor: Deepa Pureswaran
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Abstract

Frontalin, seudenol, and a spruce terpene blend are key components of a lure for monitoring spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in eastern Canada, catching the highest number of beetles in several field trials. The standard two-component commercial lure for this species, developed from populations in western North America and composed of 95%:5% (±)-α-pinene and frontalin, failed to elicit attraction to traps in Atlantic Canada; thus a series of trapping experiments were conducted to identify an improved combination of pheromone and host volatiles for this region. Analysis of volatiles from D. rufipennis collected from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, Canada detected seudenol as an additional female-produced component. Laboratory analysis of the eastern host (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Pinaceae) detected the presence of 75%:25% (±)-α-pinene; however, a two-component lure comprised of 75%:25% (±)-α-pinene and frontalin caught no more beetles than an unbaited control. Frontalin and seudenol alone or spruce terpene blend and ethanol alone typically had among the lowest trap catches, but when combined they caught the highest numbers of D. rufipennis, supporting the hypothesis that host volatiles synergise attraction to pheromones. Our results highlight the importance of geographic variation in the response to pheromones and kairomones in this bark beetle.

Résumé

La frontaline, le seudénol et un mélange de terpènes d’épinette sont les composantes essentielles d'un appât utilisé pour la surveillance du dendroctone de l’épinette, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), dans l'Est du Canada; dans plusieurs essais en nature, cet appât est celui qui a permis la récolte du plus grand nombre de coléoptères. L'appât commercial standard à deux composantes pour cette espèce, mis au point pour des populations de l'Ouest de l'Amérique du Nord et composé de 95%:5% (±)-α-pinène et de frontaline, ne réussit pas à attirer les insectes dans les pièges dans le Canada Atlantique. Nous avons donc entrepris des essais de piégeage afin de découvrir une meilleure combinaison de phéromones et de produits volatils de l'hôte pour cette région. L'analyse des produits volatils émis par des D. rufipennis récoltés à Terre-Neuve et en Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada, révèle la présence de seudénol, une composante additionnelle produite par la femelle. Une analyse en laboratoire d'hôtes de l'Est (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Pinaceae) indique la présence de 75%:25% (±)-α-pinène; cependant un appât à deux composantes comprenant de la 75%:25% (±)-α-pinène et de la frontaline ne permet pas la capture de plus de coléoptères qu'un piège témoin sans appât. La frontaline et le seudénol seuls ou le mélange de terpènes d’épinette avec de l’éthanol seul produisent généralement les récoltes les plus faibles dans les pièges; cependant, en combinaison, ils provoquent les plus fortes captures de D. rufipennis, ce qui appuie l'hypothèse selon laquelle les produits volatils de l'hôte ont une action synergique sur l'attraction exercée par la phéromone. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance de la variation géographique sur la réaction aux phéromones et aux kairomones chez ce dendroctone.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 145 , Issue 4 , August 2013 , pp. 406 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013 

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Footnotes

✠

Deceased.

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