Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T20:29:54.424Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A review of known parasitoids of hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Canada and first records of egg and larval parasitoids in Labrador forests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2018

Rachid Sabbahi
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, P.O. Box 960, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6J3, Canada; and Ecozone LLC, 23 Okba Ibno Nafii Avenue, Hay Mohammedi, Casablanca, Morocco
Lucie Royer*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, P.O. Box 960, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6J3, Canada; and Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Québec, Québec, G1V 4C7, Canada
James E. O’Hara
Affiliation:
Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
Andrew M.R. Bennett
Affiliation:
Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: lucie.royer@canada.ca).

Abstract

A rearing study of egg and larval parasitoids of hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée); Lepidoptera: Geometridae) was undertaken during an outbreak of this pest in Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Six parasitoid species were found: Telenomus coloradensis Crawford and T. droozi Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), Winthemia occidentis Reinhard and Blondelia eufitchiae (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae), as well as one species of Phobocampe Förster and Mesochorus vittator (Zetterstedt) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). None of them was a new Canadian record. To facilitate understanding of the regional parasitoid assemblage in Labrador, we compiled all published records in Canada and collated all specimen records from the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). This comprehensive list will aid researchers interested in potential biological control candidates for hemlock looper.

Résumé

Une étude des parasitoïdes des œufs et des larves de l’arpenteuse de la pruche (Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée); Lepidoptera: Geometridae) a été entreprise pendant une infestation de ce ravageur au Labrador, Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, Canada. Six espèces de parasitoïde ont été trouvées: Telenomus coloradensis Crawford et T. droozi Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), Winthemia occidentis Reinhard et Blondelia eufitchiae (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae), ainsi qu’une espèce de Phobocampe Förster et Mesochorus vittator (Zetterstedt) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Aucune d’entre elles n’était nouvelle au Canada. Afin de mieux comprendre l’assemblage régional de parasitoïdes du Labrador, nous avons compilé toutes les espèces rapportées dans les publications au Canada, et examiné tous les spécimens conservés de la Collection nationale canadienne d’insectes, d’arachnides et de nématodes (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). Cette liste complète aidera les chercheurs intéressés par les candidats potentiels pour le contrôle biologique de l’arpenteuse de la pruche.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Copyright
© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject Editor: Dylan Parry

References

Arsenault, A., LeBlanc, R., Earle, E., Brooks, D., Clarke, B., Lavigne, D., and Royer, L. 2016. Unravelling the past to manage Newfoundland’s forests for the future. The Forestry Chronicle, 92: 487502.Google Scholar
Barron, J.R. 1976. Systematics of Nearctic Euceros (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Eucerotinae). Le Naturaliste Canadien, 103: 285375.Google Scholar
Bennett, A.M.R. 2008. Review and identification keys to the ichneumonid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 140: 147.Google Scholar
Bradley, G.A. 1978. Parasites of forest Lepidoptera in Canada. Part 2. Subfamily Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Forestry Technical Report 26. Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Brooks, A.R. 1945. New Canadian Diptera (Tachinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 77: 7896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carleton, D., Quiring, D., Heard, S., Hébert, C., Delisle, J., Berthiaume, R., et al. 2010. Density-dependent and density-independent responses of three species of Telenomus parasitoids of hemlock looper eggs. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 137: 296303.Google Scholar
Carleton, D., Royer, L., Hébert, C., Delisle, J., Berthiaume, R., Beauce, E., and Quiring, D. 2009. Seasonal parasitism of hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) eggs in eastern Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 141: 614618.Google Scholar
Carroll, W.J. 1956. History of the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Newfoundland, and notes on its biology. The Canadian Entomologist, 88: 587599.Google Scholar
Carter, N. 2010. Newfoundland and Labrador 2009: Forest insect control program. In Proceedings of the forest pest management forum 2009. Edited by Natural Resources Canada. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Pp. 127–130.Google Scholar
Clark, R.C., Otvos, I.S., and Pardy, K.E. 1973. Biological agents released in Newfoundland for the control of forest insect pests. Information Report N–X–96, Environment Canada, Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Google Scholar
Crummey, H. 2007. Status of important forest insect activity in 2006 and outlook for 2007 – Newfoundland and Labrador. In Proceedings of the forest pest management forum 2006. Edited by Natural Resources Canada. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Pp. 167–178.Google Scholar
Dasch, C.E. 1971. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 6. Subfamily Mesochorinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 16: 1376.Google Scholar
De Gryse, J.J. and Schedl, K. 1934. An account of the eastern hemlock looper, Ellopia fiscellaria Gn., on hemlock, with notes on allied species. Scientific Agriculture, 14: 523539.Google Scholar
Delisle, J., Labrecque, A., Royer, L., Bernier-Cardou, M., Bauce, É., Charest, M., and Larrivée, S. 2013. Impact of short-term exposure to low subzero temperatures on egg hatch in the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 149: 206218.Google Scholar
Delisle, J., Royer, L., Bernier-Cardou, M., and Labrecque, A. 2012. Impact of increasing temperatures and exposure duration on egg hatch in the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 144: 231243.Google Scholar
Finlayson, T. 1975. The cephalic structures and spiracles of final-instar larvae of the subfamily Campopleginae, tribe Campoplegini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 94: 1137.Google Scholar
Harrington, W.H. 1892. Canadian Hymenoptera. No. 1. The Canadian Entomologist, 24: 9899.Google Scholar
Hartling, L., MacNutt, P.M., and Carter, N. 1991. Hemlock looper in New Brunswick: notes on biology and survey methods. Forest Pest Management Section, Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.Google Scholar
Hébert, C., Berthiaume, R., Dupont, A., and Auger, M. 2001. Population collapses in a forecasted outbreak of Lambdina fiscellaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) caused by spring egg parasitism by Telenomus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Environmental Entomology, 30: 3743.Google Scholar
Hopping, G.R. 1934. An account of the western hemlock looper, Ellopia somniaria Hulst, on conifers in British Columbia. Scientific Agriculture, 15: 1229.Google Scholar
Lavigne, D. 2011. Forest insect and disease control and monitoring activities in Newfoundland and Labrador in 2011 and outlook for 2012. Annual Report. Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Google Scholar
Mason, W.R.M. 1968. New Canadian Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 100: 1723.Google Scholar
Mason, W.R.M. 1981. The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 115: 1147.Google Scholar
Noyes, J.S. 2016. Universal Chalcidoidea database [online]. Available from www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids [accessed 12 April 2017].Google Scholar
O’Hara, J.E. and Wood, D.M. 2004. Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Volume 18. Memoirs on Entomology International, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.Google Scholar
Otvos, I.S. 1973a. Biological control agents and their role in the population fluctuation of the eastern hemlock looper in Newfoundland. Information Report N–X–102. Environment Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Google Scholar
Otvos, I.S. 1973b. A method for rearing overwintering larvae of Winthemia occidentis (Diptera: Tachinidae), parasite of the eastern hemlock looper. The Canadian Entomologist, 105: 581582.Google Scholar
Otvos, I.S. and Bryant, D.G. 1972. An extraction method for rapid sampling of eastern hemlock looper eggs, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The Canadian Entomologist, 104: 15111514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otvos, I.S., Clarke, L.J., and Durling, D.S. 1979. A history of recorded eastern hemlock looper outbreaks in Newfoundland. Information Report N–X–179. Environment Canada, Forestry Service, Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Google Scholar
Peck, O. 1951. Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico – synoptic catalog. Edited by C.F.W. Muesebeck, K.V. Krombein, and H.K. Townes. Agriculture Monographs. United States Department of Agriculture, 2: 410594.Google Scholar
Pelletier, G. and Piché, C. 2003. Species of Telenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) associated with the hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 135: 2339.Google Scholar
Peters, R.S. and Baur, H. 2011. A revision of the Dibrachys cavus species complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa, 2937: 130.Google Scholar
Petrice, T.R., Strazanac, J.S., and Butler, L. 2004. A survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of forest Macrolepidoptera in the central Appalachians. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 451459.Google Scholar
Pinto, J.D. 1999. Systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 22: 1287.Google Scholar
Raizenne, H. 1952. Forest Lepidoptera of southern Ontario and their parasites received and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Department of Agriculture, Science Service, Division of Forest Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Reinhard, H.J. 1931. Revision of the American parasitic flies belonging to the genus Winthemia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 79 (Art. 20) [number 2886] [1932]: 1–54+1 plate.Google Scholar
Schedl, K. 1931. Der Hemlock spanner Ellopia fiscellaria Hb. und seine natürlichen Feinde. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 18: 219275.Google Scholar
Schedl, K. 1932. Parasites reared from forest insects in 1929. The Canadian Entomologist, 64: 12.Google Scholar
Sperling, F.A.H., Raske, A.G., and Otvos, I.S. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation among populations and host races of Lambdina fiscellaria (Gn.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Insect Molecular Biology, 8: 97106.Google Scholar
Torgersen, T.R. 1971. Parasites of the western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), in southeast Alaska (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 47: 215219.Google Scholar
Torgersen, T.R. 1973. New parasite-host records for North American Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in Alaska. The Canadian Entomologist, 105: 997998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townes, H.K. and Townes, M. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of American north of Mexico: 2 Subfamily Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216: 1676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnquist, R. 1991. Western hemlock looper in British Columbia. Forest insect and disease survey report 91-08. Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.Google Scholar
van Achterberg, C. 1979. A revision of the subfamily Zelinae auct. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 122: 241479.Google Scholar
Wahl, D. 1993. Family Ichneumonidae. In Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Publication 1894/E. Edited by H. Goulet and J.T. Huber. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Pp. 395442.Google Scholar
Walley, G.S. 1940. A revision of the ichneumon-flies of the genus Campoplegidea occurring in America north of Mexico. Scientific Agriculture, 20: 647734.Google Scholar
Yu, D.S.K., van Achterberg, C., and Horstmann, K. 2012. Taxapad 2012. Ichneumonidea 2011. Database on flash-drive. www.taxapad.com, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar