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The Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic & the Treaty Between Norway and Russia on the Maritime Delimitation and Cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
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- Copyright © American Society of International Law 2011
References
End notes
* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the text available at the Norway Government Administration Services website (visited Dec. 1, 2011) http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/SMK/Vedlegg/2010/avtale_engelsk.pdf.
* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the text available at the Arctic Portal website (visited Dec. 1, 2011) http://library.arcticportal.org/1474/1/Arctic_SAR_Agreement_EN_FINAL_for_signature_21-Apr-2011.pdf.
1 It seems that some states have an interest in applying the agreement provisionally. This becomes apparent from the fact that all Arctic states are already working at implementing the provisions of the agreement before it enters into force. The recent Arctic SAR Agreement Table Top Exercise (‘‘TTX’’), which took place in October 2011 in Whitehorse, Yukon, is an example of how the Arctic states are working to improve cooperation and coordination as contemplated under the agreement. See Arctic SAR Agreement Table Top Exercise, available at http://www.canadacom.forces.gc.ca/spec/sar-ttx-2011-eng.asp.
2 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, Nov. 1, 1979, 1405 U.N.T.S. 97.
3 Convention on International Civil Aviation, Dec. 7, 1944, 15 U.N.T.S. 102.
4 Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic art. 3, ¶ 2, May 12, 2011, available at http://arctic-council.org/filearchive/Arctic_SAR_Agreement_EN_FINAL_for_signature_21-Apr-2011.pdf [hereinafter SAR Agreement]. 5 Id. Annex II (specifying the designated national institutions).
6 Id. Annex III (specifying designated rescue coordination centers).
7 Id. art. 7.
8 Id. art.8.
9 Id. art. 4.
10 Id. art. 9.
11 In addition, Norway and Russia are planning to sign an agreement on special provisions on border crossings that will benefit people living in the border region.
12 The Norwegian-Soviet Grey Zone Agreement—negotiated in 1977 and ratified and put into practice in 1978—was a provisional solution that enabled the two states to solve unanswered questions of jurisdiction and resource access in a disputed area in the Barents Sea. See Agreement of 11 January 1978 between Norway and the Soviet Union on a Temporary Practical Arrangement for Fishing in an Adjacent Area in the Barents Sea, with Attached Protocol on a Temporary Arrangement for Fishing in an Adjacent Area in the Barents Sea, Nor.-U.S.S.R, Jan. 11. 1978, Overenskomster med Fremmede Stater [Norwegian Treaty Series] 436 [hereinafter 1978 Agreement on Temporary Arrangement]; see also Kristoffer Stabrun, The Grey Zone Agreement of 1978: Fishery Concerns, Security Challenges and Territorial Interests 1-6 (2009), available at http://www.fni.no/doc&pdf/FNI-R1309.pdf.
13 See 1978 Agreement on Temporary Arrangement, supra note 12, art. 5, and Annex II (dealing specifically with transboundary hydrocarbon deposits).
14 Id. art. 3.
15 Id.
16 Id. art. 4.
17 An agreement was signed between the United States and Russia in 1989, but it has not yet been ratified by Russia.
1 The coordinates in this Annex use the World Geodetic System 1984 (‘‘WGS 84’’). All coordinates are connected by geodetic lines. The North Pole refers to the Geographic North Pole, located at 90 degrees North latitude, and the Arctic Circle refers to 66°33’44’’N latitude.