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Assessing trends in Arctic sea-ice distribution in the Barents and Kara seas using the Kosmos–Okean satellite series

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Gennady I. Belchansky ,
Ilia N. Mordvintsev ,
Gregory K. Ovchinnikov  and
David C. Douglas
Gennady I. Belchansky
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformation Systems Sector, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia
Ilia N. Mordvintsev
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformation Systems Sector, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia
Gregory K. Ovchinnikov
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Space Monitoring & Ecoinformation Systems Sector, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia
David C. Douglas
Affiliation:
Alaska Science Center, National Biological Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99503, USA
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Abstract

Trends in the annual minimum sea-ice extent, determined by three criteria (absolute annual minimum, minimum monthly mean, and the extent at the end of August), were investigated for the Barents and western Kara seas and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean during 1984–1993. Four definitions of ice extent were examined, based on thresholds of ice concentration: >90%, >70%, >40%, and >10% (El, E2, E3, and E4, respectively). Trends were studied using ice maps produced by the Russian Hydro-Meteorological Service, Kosmos and Okean satellite imagery, and data extracted from published literature. During 1984–1993, an increasing trend in the extent of minimum sea-ice cover was observed in the Barents, Kara, and combined Barents–Kara seas, for all ice-extent definitions. Root-mean-square differences between hydro-meteorological ice maps and satellite-image ice classifications for coincident areas and dates were 15.5%, 19.3%, 18.8%, and 11.5%, for ice extensions El–E4, respectively. The differences were subjected to Monte Carlo analyses to construct confidence intervals for the 10-year ice-map trends. With probability p = 0.8, the average 10-year increase in the minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent (followed in brackets by the average increase in the absolute annual minimum ice extent) was 12–46% [26–96%], 31–71% [55–140%], 30–69% [26–94%], and 48–94% [35–108%] in the Barents Sea; 20–60% [32–120%], 10–45% [20–92%], 2–36% [13–78%], and 10–47% [8–69%] in the Kara Sea; and 9–43% [26–59%], 9–41% [30–63%], 8–41% [22–52%] and 15–51% [21–51%] in the combined Barents–Kara seas, for ice concentrations El–E4, respectively. Including published data from 1966–1983, the trend in minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent for the combined 28-year period showed an average reduction of 8% in the Barents Sea and a 55% reduction in the western Kara Sea; ice extent at the end of August showed an average reduction of 33% in the Barents Sea.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 31 , Issue 177 , April 1995 , pp. 129 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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