Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T18:05:48.704Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The first International Polar Year, 1882–83

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

F. W. G. Baker
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Karl Weyprecht has left an unforgettable record of polar exploration, but has himself tended to be forgotten. His fame rests not so much with his work in the Arctic, which included the discovery of Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, but on the series of international scientific programmes which he initiated in 1875 with the first International Polar Year (IPY), 1882–83. International scientific programmes can be traced back to 1751, when observations of the parallaxes of the Moon, Mars and Venus were made at six stations in the Northern Hemisphere and at one in the Southern. The most recent, the World Climate Research Programme, organized jointly by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), began in 1980.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 21 , Issue 132 , September 1982 , pp. 275 - 285
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alfvén, H. 1940. A theory of magnetic storms and of the aurorae Parts II and III. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar, Vol 18, No 9, p 1–39.Google Scholar
Arctowsi, H. 1931. Sur l'exploration des regions polaires par coopération internationale. La Météorologie (Paris), Vol 7, 01–05, p 69–76.Google Scholar
Bezold, W. von. 1883. Die internationale Polarforschung in den Jahren 1882–83. Deutsche Revue iiber dasgesammie naiionale Leben der Gegenwart (Herausgegeben von R. Fleischer), Vol 8, Part 2, p 23–41, 262–65.Google Scholar
Birkeland, K. 1908–1913. The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition, 1902–03, Vol 1, Parts 1 and 2. On the cause of magnetic storms and the origin of terrestrial magnetism. Christiana, Aschehoug.Google Scholar
Buys-Ballot, C. H. D. 1872. Suggestions on a uniform system of meteorological observations. Utrecht, Hanssen.Google Scholar
Chapman, S. 1959. Introduction to the history of the first International Polar Year. International Geophysical Year. Annals, Vol 1, p 3–5.Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and Bartels, J. 1940. Geomagnetism. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Georgi, J. 1964. Georg von Neumayer (1826 bis 1909) und das Internationale Polarjahr 1882/1883. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, Vol 17, No 6, p 249–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gravier, G. 1877. Creation d'observatoires circumpolaires: examen du discours de M. Charles Weyprecht—principes fondamentaux de 1'exploration arctique. Société de Geographic (Paris), Bulletin, 6th Series, Vol 14, p 277–96.Google Scholar
Greely, A. W. 1896. Handbook of Arctic discoveries. Boston, Roberts Bros.Google Scholar
Henry, J. 1877. Letter to Benjamin A. Willis, 31 January. Washington DC, Smithsonian Institution Archives. (Record Unit 33: Office of the Secretary, 1865–91, outgoing correspondence, Vol 53, p 237–41.)Google Scholar
HMSO, 1955. Sunspot and geomagnetic storm data derived from Greenwich observations under the direction of Sir Harold Spencer Jones. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
International Polar Conference. 1892. Communications from the International Polar Commission edited by G. Vil'd. S.t. Petersburgh, Kaiserlichen Akadamic den Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
International Meteorological Committee. 1881. Report of the meeting atBeme, 1880. London, HMSO.Google Scholar
Kepes, J. 1874. Bulletin de Same. Societe de Geographic (Paris), Bulletin, 6th Series, Vol 8, p 397.Google Scholar
La Cour, D. 1935. L'Annee Polaire Internationale, 1932–33, les buts, les methodes, et quelques résultats préliminaires. In:Lyons, H.ed. Second General Assembly of ICSU, Vol 2. London, HMSO, p 191–207.Google Scholar
Laursen, V. 1951. Bibliography for the Second International Polar Year, 1932–33. Copenhagen, Horsholm.Google Scholar
Lecointe, G.ed. 1913. International Polar Commission. Proces-verbal de la session tenue a Rome en 1913. Hayez, Bruxelles.Google Scholar
Loewe, F. 1965. The first ‘Australian Government’ meteorologist. Australian Meteorological Magazine, No 48, p 46.Google Scholar
Martial, L.-F.ed. 1885–1891. Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882–83. Vol 3. Paris, Gauthiers-Villars.Google Scholar
Maury, M. F. 1853 Projet de conférence internationale, pour etendre, sur le globe entier, le systéme des observations météorologiques adopté pour la mer, dans la conference de 1855. L'Académie Royale de Belgique. Bulletin, (2nd series), Vol 9, No 3, p 3–20.Google Scholar
Neumayer, G. 1874. Die geographischen Probleme innerhalb der Polar-Zonen in ihrem inneren Zussamenhange beleuchtet. Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie Deutsche Seezvane, Vol 2, p 51–53, 63–68, 75–82.Google Scholar
Neumayer, G. 1881. Report of the International Meteorological Committee meeting at Berne 1880. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Neumayer, G. 1901. Auf zum Südpol—45 Jahre Wirkens zur Förderung der Erforschung der Südpolar-Region 1855–1900. Berlin, Vita Deutsches Verlagshaus.Google Scholar
Payer, J. von. 1876. New lands within the Arctic Circle. 2 vols. London, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Payer, J. von and Weyprecht, K. 1875. The Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition of 1872–74. Royal Geographical Society. Journal, Vol 45, p 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer Jones, H. 1959. The inception and development of the International Geophysical Year. International Geophysical Year. Annals, Vol 1, p 383–413.Google Scholar
Vegard, L. 1938. Vordange und Zustdnde in der Nordlichtregion. Oslo, Cammermeyer.Google Scholar
Vil'd, G. 1881. Circulaire, convocation pour la 3me conference polaire internationale. Commission Polar International. Mitteilungen, No 14. St Petersberg, Observatoire Physique Centrale.Google Scholar
Weyprecht, K. 1875. Die Erforschung der Polarregionen. Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geographischen Gesellschaft. Mitteilungen (Vienna), Vol 18, p 357–66.Google Scholar
Weyprecht, K. 1876. Sulla spedizionepolare Austro-Ungarica. Trieste etc., Hermanstorfter.Google Scholar
Weyprecht, K. 1877. Programme of work of an international ar expedition. Vienna, Stein.Google Scholar
Wilczec, J. N. 1933. Hans Wilczec erza'hlt seinen enkeln Erinnerungen aus seinem Leben Herausgegeben von seiner Tochter, Elisabeth Kinsky-Wilczec. Graz, Leykam.Google Scholar