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XX.—On a See-Saw of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, and Wind Velocity between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2014
Extract
In the course of a large inquiry on the inter-relations between the meteorological conditions in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, on the one hand, and those prevailing in the southern continents, more especially South America, on the other, there has come to light an interesting see-saw between the barometric pressure, air temperature, and wind velocity in the Weddell and the Boss Seas. The above inquiry, which I hope to lay before this Society shortly, refers to the eight-year period 1902–09; and since the present paper deals with the years 1902, 1903, 1911, and 1912, I have thought it better to make it the subject of a separate communication. The positions of these stations and others where observations have been made are shown on the accompanying map, for which I am indebted to Dr H. R. Mill. The figures within the rings give the number of years covered by the records at the various places.
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References
page 203 note * The data derived from Shackleton's Expedition of 1908–09 are not yet available, except provisional temperature means.
page 203 note † Berlin, 1911.
page 204 note * National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04: Meteorology, part i, p. 408.
page 204 note † Simpson, , Quart, Jour. Roy. Met. Soc, vol. xl, p. 222.Google Scholar
page 204 note ‡ “Scotia” Reports, vol. ii, Physics; Anales de la Oficina Meteorológica Argentina, Tomo xvi. Data for 1911 and 1912 in manuscript.
page 204 note § Wiss. Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar Expedition, 1901–03, Band ii, pp. 353, 355.
page 205 note * “Meteorology in Weddell Quadrant during 1909,” Scot. Geog. Jour., vol. xxvi, p. 413.
page 205 note † Data till February 1904 from the Anuario del Servicio Meteorologico de la Direccion del Territorio Maritimo, 1902, 1903, and 1904, and for 1911 and 1912 from the Anuario Meteorologico de Chile, by Dr Walter Knoche, Director.
page 206 note * For pressure and wind velocity t be values refer only to the months of January and February 1911. For temperature, December 1910 at Cape Evans has been interpolated.
page 207 note * The mean wind at Gape Evans and Framheim during the period under review was about E.S.E., and at Cape Adare S.E. At Framheim (see Birkeland, , “Remarks on the Meteorological Observations,” Appendix II of The South Pole, by Amundsen, Roald, vol. ii, pp. 372–94, London, 1912)Google Scholar the percentage frequency for the period April 1911 to January 1912 was as follows:—
The percentage frequency was thus 7 with northerly winds, 40 with easterly, 22 with southerly, and 9 with westerly, calms being apparently much more frequent than at Cape Evans or Cape Adare. As, however, the winds at the two last-named stations were largely affected by local conditions, the results “must be considered in the light of information which will be given in the discussion which is at present being written” (see Simpson, , Quart. Jour. Roy. Met. Soc, vol. xl, pp. 224 and 226).Google Scholar For this reason it is unsafe to attempt to lay down the precise position occupied by the centre of the Ross Sea barometric minimum, which, doubtless, is subject, as are other “action-centres,” to considerable variations from one year or season to another.
page 207 note † Scot. Geog. Jour., vol. xxvi, p. 413.
page 209 note * “The Meteorology of Glen Nevis,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xliv, pp. 652, 653.
page 212 note * Discussion on Antarctic Meteorology opened by Simpson, G. C. D.Sc, Brit. Ass. Rep., Australia, 1914, p. 302.Google Scholar
page 213 note * Mean of Wellington, Hokitika, Lincoln, and Dunedin.
page 213 note † Mean of Dungeness, Punta Arenas, and Evangelists' Island.
page 213 note ‡ Mean at station-level, 619 metres above sea.
page 214 note * Mean of six stations, viz. Auckland, Wellington, Hokitika, Lincoln, Dunedin, and the Chatham Islands.
page 215 note * Davis, , Anales de la Oficina Meteorológica Argentina, Tomo xviiGoogle Scholar; Clima de las Isles Oreadas del Sud, Secunda Parte, p. 137, Buenos Aires, 1913. Data from 1911–14 kindly sent by Dr Davis in manuscript.
page 216 note * Data to 1908 from The Trade Winds of the South Atlantic, M.O. 203, supplemented by later data, kindly forwarded by Sir Napier Shaw, F.E.S.