Abstract
Electrons have internal structure, you cannot have spin without internal structure, you cannot have chemistry without spin, computing with out an explicit model for spin has made chemists’ lives hard. We present a deterministic framework for computational chemistry that replaces the probabilistic wave function with a classical electromagnetic model of the electron possessing internal temporal structure. By recognizing the electron as a half-photon electromagnetic field configuration oscillating between two temporal poles separated by δ0 = λC /2 ≈1.21 pm, we resolve the classical radiation catastrophe and recover atomic stability without quan- tum axioms. The electron’s energy resides entirely in the half-photon field oscillation at frequency ω0 = mec2/ℏ, not in electrostatic self-energy of the temporal poles. Angular mo- mentum conservation (L= ℏ) makes the electron stiff against stretching but compressible under strong nuclear fields, with compression energy E(δ) = ℏc/δ increasing hyperbolically as δ < δ0. This temporal structure naturally regularizes the nuclear Coulomb potential, predicting the hydrogen ground state to 0.18% accuracy. The exchange interaction emerges as magnetic phase-locking between antiparallel electron pairs, calibrated from Cooper pair coherence lengths in superconductors. This mechanism reproduces the lithium ionization energy (0.8% error) and derives nitrogen’s sp3 geometry from magnetic dipole packing con- straints. The Pauli exclusion principle arises from two physical mechanisms: (1) compressed electrons cannot phase-lock with uncompressed electrons due to frequency mismatch, and (2) half-photon analytic paths resist spatial overlap. The model offers O(N2) computational scaling for molecular systems, presenting a classical alternative to density functional theory.
Supplementary materials
Title
Python code for binding energy computation.
Description
Python code is given to allow computation of the ionisation energies form hydrogen to nitrogen from first principles using 4D electrostaticcs.
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Supplementary weblinks
Title
Pyhton code for Hamiltonians.
Description
Short basic python code for the Hamiltonian of an electron derived from 4D-electro-statics in the paper.
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