Through the lens of the extremes

The studio Integrative Design / Extremes at the Institute of Experimental Architecture, University of Innsbruck, approaches design through the lens of extremes and from the perspective of outer space. This involves a continuous act of zooming out to understand systems as a whole and zooming in (Shaw, 2025) to engage with all scales—down to the microbial—on the essentials of life and architecture. This systems-based mindset forms the foundation of Integrative Design / Extremes. Studios explore scenarios such as Antarctica, the deep sea, and outer space—including the Moon and Mars—as well as long-term projects like the “500-year building,” which emphasizes adaptability to shifting climates, demographic change, and evolving functions. These contexts challenge conventional assumptions about comfort, function, and sustainability, prompting new architectural responses (Brand, 1994). The development of bio-integrated materials, integration of biotechnologies, and use of digital fabrication support this research. Key questions emerge: How can we create self-sufficient habitats where no resources are wasted? How can we minimize the ecological footprint in systems designed for volatile environments? Designing for space presents distinct challenges: (1) Transport: Vast distances and logistical limitations (2) Spatial constraints: Compact habitats using in-situ resources (3) Closed-loop systems for air, water, and food Integrative Design / Extremes proposes three core strategies (LIQUIFER, 2023): (1) Adaptability as a basis for sustainability (2) Replicating extra/terrestrial systems, (3) A new vernacular—low-energy, digitally fabricated, and biologically active materials. This framework responds to climate and global challenges with architecture that is adaptive, regenerative, and deeply integrated with life systems.