The Origin of Biomolecular Homochirality

The origin of homochirality in biomolecules is a central problem in the study of the origin of life and is fundamental to understanding the nature of life itself. Homochirality—the predominance of specific chiral forms of molecules in three-dimensional space—is essential for biological function, as molecular chirality governs both intermolecular interactions and activity within living systems. Elucidating its origin not only sheds light on symmetry breaking in nature but also carries broad implications across the life sciences. In recent years, significant progress has been made through the integration of theoretical models, computational simulations, and experimental approaches. This review synthesizes current knowledge of biomolecular homochirality by focusing on three key aspects: (i) the emergence of molecular chirality and the mechanisms by which specific enantiomers become favored, (ii) the amplification of small initial chiral biases into global asymmetry, and (iii) the propagation of homochirality across molecules and systems, including its transmission through generations. By exploring these dimensions, we provide new perspectives on the complex phenomenon of homochirality. A deeper understanding of this subject not only advances theories of the origin of life but also informs practical applications in the development of chiral drugs, the design of asymmetric catalysts, and the synthesis of artificial life.