A National Framework for Public Good: The Hub-Only Pipeline Topology (HOPT) for Carbon Dioxide Capture & Transportation

India Born Hub-Only Pipeline Topology (HOPT) is proposed as a national project for public good — an India-specific carbon-capture framework that redefines how CO₂ is managed across industries. Instead of transporting pressurized CO₂ gas from every emitter, HOPT enables hub-based solid-looping, where carbon is captured as stable solids, moved through existing logistics networks, and regenerated only at shared regional hubs. This design cuts India’s CO₂-pipeline requirements by over 60 %, eliminates 96 % of compression stations, and can save ₹ 12–15 lakh crore in lifecycle costs. Within this topology, the Generation IV Carbon Capture (Gen4CC) framework establishes national design standards for solid-phase, SO₂-tolerant, and modular CCUS technologies. HySORB™, the first Gen4CC spin-out, captures both CO₂ and SO₂ directly from untreated flue gas, converting existing FGDs into dual-purpose assets. Together, HOPT, Gen4CC, and HySORB™ form a self-reliant, hub-based carbon infrastructure that advances Atmanirbhar Bharat, creates green-economy jobs, improves air quality, and positions India as a global leader in next-generation carbon management.