Can the Equivalence of Energy and Spacetime Explain Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Gravity and Time on a Cause-and-Effect Basis?

02 April 2026, Version 1
This content is an early or alternative research output and has not been peer-reviewed by Cambridge University Press at the time of posting.

Abstract

A new theory provides cause-and-effect explanations for dark energy, universal gravity and the nature of time, based upon two simple justified propositions. Firstly, that spacetime being created from energy in the big bang, following the law of conservation of energy and demonstrated mathematical equivalences, is fundamentally energy. Secondly that the Einstein’s equivalence of mass and energy, can therefore be applied to Newton’s laws of motion, in relation to spacetime itself. In an expanding universe, this unconventional approach creates a force in proportion to spacetime energy momentum change, predicting universal gravity. Reciprocal forces then compress proximate spacetime, potentially reconciling Newton’s and Einstein’s models of gravity. A consequential modification to the big bang, requires that inflation creates simultaneous exponential uniform compression and therefore time dilation, in accordance with general relativity. Resultant continuous ongoing time dilated release and expansion of infinite spatial energy ‘moments’, along the temporal plane, creates the 4th dimension of Minkowski’s spacetime, aligning this theory with the mathematical framework describing general relativity. Time Dilated Spacetime Energy Release or TDSER has a perfect fit with dark energy and how we experience time, including special and general relativity. Unreleased spacetime compressed invisibly along the temporal plane is an excellent candidate for dark matter. . Consistent conjecture is presented on the first moment of creation; a big bang starting from nothing, creating familiar dimensions. A contender for a single unifying force follows and is shown to match and indeed create equations describing Newton’s second law, the law of gravity and Plank’s force.

Keywords

dark energy
dark matter
theory of everything
creation
universal gravity
quantum gravity
time
gravity
big bang
wave particle duality
force carrying virtual particles
unification of forces

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