Abstract
This paper draws on three categories of evidence: pub
lished macroeconomic datasets from the IMF, World Bank, OECD, and Reserve Bank of India; secondary synthesis from peer-reviewed literature and government reports; and original analytical modelling using established economic
frameworks(Lagrangian optimisation, Fisher equation, NPV analysis). Quantitative estimates derived from the Student Price Index (SPI) framework represent illustrative calibrations anchored to publicly available price data, not outputs of for
mal econometric regressions.



![Author ORCID: We display the ORCID iD icon alongside authors names on our website to acknowledge that the ORCiD has been authenticated when entered by the user. To view the users ORCiD record click the icon. [opens in a new tab]](https://www.cambridge.org/engage/assets/public/coe/logo/orcid.png)