THE MYSTERY OF THE GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT G: The Greatest Metrological Impasse in History, or Evidence That Gravity Is More Complex Than Newton Thought?

The "big G" problem remains an unsolved mystery in modern metrology and physics. Despite two centuries of effort, researchers have yet to arrive at a precise value for the gravitational constant. Various laboratories use impeccable equipment that achieves record-breaking measurement accuracy, yet their results consistently diverge beyond the permissible error margins. It is shown here that the mystery of the gravitational constant G is directly related to the incompleteness of the Newtonian model of gravity. The gravitational constant G refers to the gravity of the entire universe—this is its fundamental meaning. However, when measuring "big G," the gravity of the universe is not taken into account. Attempts to obtain a value for "big G" using Newton's two-body law of gravity F = GmM/r^2 without taking into account the actual gravity of the enormous mass of the universe leads to error. To eliminate this error, it is proposed to use the law of gravity FU = GmM/r^2 + (mc^2)√Ʌ, which takes into account the additional gravity of the universe. It has been shown that the discrepancy between the values of large G lies in its calculation using Newton's law of universal gravitation, F = GmM/r², which does not include the second component of the gravitational force that exists in nature: (mc²)√Ʌ. This leads to a scattering of the values of G and to a shift by an amount dependent on the second component of the gravitational force.