Jupiter: If you’re up in the wee hours, you can observe Jupiter well by July, but it’s best later in the year. It’s at opposition on December 7, when it rises at sunset and by midnight it’s near the meridian (due south, if you live in the northern hemisphere). Fortunately for northern hemisphere observers, Jupiter is far to the north, in Taurus. That means it rides high in the sky and is particularly well placed for observing with minimum interference from near-horizon turbulence.
This year, we’re looking from a direction about 3° north of the plane of Jupiter’s equator, so the Galilean moons appear to travel on slightly oval (rather than straight) paths. Callisto passes above and below the disk of Jupiter, but the others moons (and their shadows) all pass in front of Jupiter. They also get eclipsed by Jupiter’s shadow and occulted by (pass behind) the planet. This handy Jupiter's Moons link from Sky & Telescope Magazine will guide you to the moons and what they’re doing tonight.
As always, look for the zones and belts. Even when its color is subdued, you should look for the Great Red Spot in the southern equatorial belt within an hour or so of when Jupiter’s rotation brings it towards us (this handy Red Spot transit times link, also from S&T Magazine will tell you when to look).
Saturn: In 2024 Saturn is at opposition on September 8. It’s visible before dawn by May, and between October and December it’s well placed at the end of twilight.
To know where they are on any night, consult this useful Saturn's Moons link to from Sky and Telescope to keep track of them (they also have a handy mobile app).
The precession of the Moon’s orbit brings it near Saturn this year, and it occults the planet on several occasions.
