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Hybridization and backcrossing between transgenic oilseed rape and two related weed species under field conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2004

Matthew D. Halfhill ,
Bin Zhu ,
Suzanne I. Warwick ,
Paul L. Raymer ,
Reginald J. Millwood ,
Arthur K. Weissinger  and
C. Neal Stewart Jr.
Matthew D. Halfhill
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Bin Zhu
Affiliation:
National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Suzanne I. Warwick
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Paul L. Raymer
Affiliation:
Georgia Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
Reginald J. Millwood
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Arthur K. Weissinger
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
C. Neal Stewart Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

Abstract

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Determining the frequency of crop-wild transgene flow under field conditions is a necessity for the development of regulatory strategies to manage transgenic hybrids. Gene flow of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenes was quantified in three field experiments using eleven independent transformed Brassica napus L. lines and the wild relatives, B. rapa L. and Raphanus raphanistrum L. Under a high crop to wild relative ratio (600:1), hybridization frequency with B. rapa differed among the individual transformed B. napus lines (ranging from ca. 4% to 22%), however, this difference could be caused by the insertion events or other factors, e.g., differences in the hybridization frequencies among the B. rapa plants. The average hybridization frequency over all transformed lines was close to 10%. No hybridization with R. raphanistrum was detected. Under a lower crop to wild relative ratio (180:1), hybridization frequency with B. rapa was consistent among the transformed B. napus lines at ca. 2%. Interspecific hybridization was higher when B. rapa occurred within the B. napus plot (ca. 37.2%) compared with plot margins (ca. 5.2%). No significant differences were detected among marginal plants grown at 1, 2, and 3 m from the field plot. Transgene backcrossing frequency between B. rapa and transgenic hybrids was determined in two field experiments in which the wild relative to transgenic hybrid ratio was 5–15 plants of B. rapa to 1 transgenic hybrid. As expected, ca. 50% of the seeds produced were transgenic backcrosses when the transgenic hybrid plants served as the maternal parent. When B. rapa plants served as the maternal parent, transgene backcrossing frequencies were 0.088% and 0.060%. Results show that transgene flow from many independent transformed lines of B. napus to B. rapa can occur under a range of field conditions, and that transgenic hybrids have a high potential to produce transgenic seeds in backcrosses.

Keywords

transgenic oilseed rapecanolaBrassica napusGFPinterspecific hybridizationBrassica rapaBacillusthuringiensisintrogressionRaphanus raphanistrum
Type
Research Article
Information
Environmental Biosafety Research , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 73 - 81
Copyright
© ISBR, EDP Sciences, 2004

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