Introduction. Rose apple fruit ripens on the tree, has a thin peel, soft flesh and deteriorates quickly after harvest. Water loss contributes to rapid deterioration. 1-MCP can extend the postharvest life of non-climacteric fruits either directly through its effect as an ethylene blocker or through indirect effects. Materials and methods. We investigated the effect of 1-MCP (1 µL·L–1) on shelf life and quality of Rose apple fruits (Syzygium jambos Alston) cv. Tabtim Chan. Fruit were exposed to 1-MCP for (0, 6, 12, 18 or 24) h, then stored at (15 ± 1) °C for 12 days. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of 1-MCP (1 µL·L–1) for 12 h on fruit stored at 5 °C or 10 °C. Weight loss, skin colour, total soluble solids, fruit firmness and percentage of diseased fruit were measured during storage. Results. 1-MCP reduced weight loss from about 13% of initial weight to 6%, irrespective of the time of exposure. 1-MCP applied to fruit for 12 h or 18 h increased firmness from 3.2 N to 3.8 N and more than halved the percentage of fruit showing disease. Exposure to 1-MCP for 12 h or 18 h was optimum for reducing disease. 1-MCP for 12 h and storage at (10 ± 1) °C doubled shelf life to 24 days compared with fruit stored at the same temperature, but without 1-MCP. Storage at less than 10 °C did not extend shelf life any further. Conclusion. 1-MCP extended the shelf life of Rose apple fruit by reducing weight loss, maintaining flesh firmness and slowing disease development.

Introduction. Litchi has gained considerable economic importance in Mauritius as it is highly prized on the local and export markets for its size, colour and flavour, although no characterisation work has been performed so far. Materials and methods. In order to optimise litchi germplasm management in Mauritius, we evaluated 34 litchi accessions from three different agroclimatic regions. Phenotypic and morphological characters, and microsatellite markers were studied. Results and discussion. Phenological observations conducted over four consecutive fruiting cycles (2003/2004 to 2006/2007) showed that accessions could be grouped into early- and late-flowering cultivars, which initiated floral panicles from June to July and July to August, respectively. The harvesting season of litchi lasted from mid-November to mid-January with early-maturing cultivars being ready for harvest in the first month of the season. Phenological characters and fruit characterisation showed that the newly-introduced cultivar ‘Yook Ho Pow’ had a high commercial potential. Molecular studies using twelve pairs of SSR primers showed that, despite phenotypic variations among ‘Tai So’ genotypes in different locations (such as percentage of chicken-tongued seeds and leaflet size), the SSR profiles of leaf samples from all the studied ‘Tai So’ accessions were identical, suggesting that phenotypic differences could probably be attributed to environmental conditions rather than to genetic variations. Molecular characterisation revealed different cases of synonymies and homonymies in the genotypes studied.

Introduction. Tamarindus indica est une espèce fruitière d’intérêt économique. Sa domestication au Sahel impose d’évaluer en préalable la variabilité de ses caractères phénotypiques sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartition. L’objectif de notre étude a été de caractériser différentes provenances de tamarinier à partir des caractères phénotypiques de leurs graines et plantules. Matériel et méthodes. L’étude menée en pépinière au Burkina Faso a porté sur l’étude des graines et germinations issues de neuf provenances dont deux d’Afrique de l’Est, deux d’Afrique de l’Ouest, deux d’Asie et trois de zones insulaires. Nous avons mesuré la longueur, la largeur, l’épaisseur et le poids de 100 graines de chaque provenance, et la hauteur, le diamètre au collet et le poids sec de la tige, ainsi que la longueur de la racine principale, le nombre de racines secondaires et le poids sec du système racinaire de 50 plantules âgées de 3 mois. Nous avons effectué une analyse de variance, puis une analyse en composantes principales sur les données centrées réduites de toutes les variables, enfin une classification hiérarchisée ascendante basée sur des indices de similarité. Résultats et discussion. Les différences entre variables ont été hautement significatives. Lors de l’étude des graines, nous avons obtenu un groupe lié à la provenance d’Inde et d’Afrique de l’Est, un autre lié aux provenances ouest-africaines et un groupe intermédiaire en provenance de Thaïlande. Lors de l’étude des plantules, il est apparu un groupe avec croissance aérienne forte et racine principale courte, fortement ramifiée et un groupe avec croissance aérienne faible, racine principale très longue, mais faiblement ramifiée. Le dendrogramme obtenu à partir des ressemblances phénotypiques (variables des graines et plantules) montre une structuration par aire géographique. Conclusion. La variabilité phénotypique inter provenance des plantules et des graines combinée aux corrélations entre variables pourrait permettre de sélectionner de façon précoce les provenances en fonction des objectifs définis pour la sélection.

Introduction. Pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum L.) are chilling-sensitive crops. Materials and methods. Pomegranate fruits were treated with calcium chloride and spermidine, alone or in combination, by normal dip and vacuum infiltration methods. The treated fruits were stored at 2 °C for 4 months. At the end of the storage period, samples were held for 3 days at 20 °C, then the qualitative constituents were evaluated. Results and discussion. Treated fruits exhibited less weight loss and higher juice content than control fruits. Non-treated fruits developed chilling injury manifested as an increase in K+ leakage and polyphenol oxidase activity. Calcium chloride and spermidine treatments resulted in lower soluble solid content, but some fruits showed higher titratable acidity. All treatments significantly increased ascorbic acid content. The pH of aril juice in treated fruits was lower than that of non-treated fruits, probably due to higher titratable acidity. Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content increased in treated fruits. In our study, a correlation was observed between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity. Conclusion. The treatments applied in our experiments maintained overall quality of pomegranate fruits during long-term storage. Postharvest application of calcium and spermidine either alone or in combination could ameliorate adverse effects of low temperature on pomegranate fruit quality during cold storage. Vacuum infiltration was as effective as the normal dip method. However, normal dip is a simpler and faster treatment method.

Introduction. Opuntia ficus-indica fruit quality was studied, in the main sites for cactus pear cultivation in Italy, with the ultimate goal of understanding the main sources of variability and increasing crop value. Materials and methods. A first study was carried out in 2006 on mature Opuntia ficus-indica trees, cvs. Gialla and Rossa, grown in ten commercial orchards located in the main sites for their cultivation in Italy. Trees were managed to produce an out-of-season crop in October, through the removal of the spring flush at bloom time, during the first week of June. Trees had a similar crop [(52 ± 10) kg of fruits·tree–1], and no more than six fruits were left on each of the fruiting cladodes. At commercial harvest time, indicated by the peel colour breakage, 75 fruits in each orchard and 750 fruits for each site were picked, analysed and evaluated by a consumer panel. A second experiment was carried out in 2006 on 8-year-old O. ficus-indica trees, cv. Gialla, grown in a commercial orchard. Within-tree factors, such as fruit position within the canopy, number of fruits per tree and per cladode, and cladode dry weight were studied. Results and discussion. Fruit weight, shape and total soluble solid content significantly changed with the environmental conditions, i.e., site and altitude, while flesh percent, pH and total titratable acidity did not. Cultivars had a significant influence only on fruit weight and seed content. Fruit weight changed greatly within the tree, while total soluble solid content and flesh percent variability was much reduced. Fruit weight decreased with fruit number per tree and both fruit weight and total soluble solid content decreased with more than six fruits per cladode. Light interception and cladode dry weight were the main sources of fruit dry weight variability and sugar content, while cladode surface area was poorly related to fruit quality. The role of cultivars in determining fruit quality did not change with site and, moreover, the sensory analysis was unable to discriminate for cultivar and environment.

Introduction. Superficial scald is one of the most economically serious postharvest disorders of apples. The optimal harvest window and 1-MCP treatment significantly diminish the risk of storage scald and retain quality of apples stored in a normal atmosphere. Materials and methods. Fruits from three different harvest dates (23rd and 30th September, and 7th October 2008) were treated with 1-MCP (SmartFreshTM) immediately after harvest, and stored in a normal atmosphere (1 ± 0.5) °C for 180 days followed by a shelf-life period of 7 days at (21 ± 1) °C. Assessments of superficial scald severity, firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were recorded at days 1 and 7 after storage. Organoleptic quality assessments were made after the shelf-life period. Results. 1-MCP treatment was able to control superficial scald before and after shelf life in fruits from the last two harvest times. The highest scald values during shelf life were observed in untreated and 1-MCP-treated fruits from the earliest harvest (3.6 and 2.3, respectively). 1-MCP and early harvest time were determined to have a positive effect on retention of firmness and titratable acidity during storage. Total soluble solids was not affected by 1-MCP treatment. Combination of 1-MCP treatment and mid- or late harvest time gave the best evaluation scores for organoleptic quality. Conclusion. Our results show that 1-MCP treatments of late-harvested “Granny Smith” apples could offer satisfactory results for long-term air storage considering both the absence of superficial scald and retention of fruit quality.