Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-14T20:07:20.663Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

3D SKETCHES IN VIRTUAL REALITY AND THEIR EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT TIMES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2021

Carsten Seybold  and
Frank Mantwill
Carsten Seybold*
Affiliation:
Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg
Frank Mantwill
Affiliation:
Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg
*
Seybold, Carsten, Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg, Machine Parts & Computer Aided Development, Germany, carsten.seybold@hsu-hh.de

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the product development process, digital support continues to advance. Some work steps during product development are still carried out without assistance. Sketch creation is one of these. Therefore, the content created here is rarely documented due to the effort required for digital transformation. An alternative can be sketching in virtual reality. This article explores whether 3D sketching in VR enables faster sketching and can offer the basic features of hand-drawn sketches. To verify this, a tool for 3D sketching was developed. 27 test subjects were asked to solve one out of two different design tasks using this tool. The experiments were evaluated using video coding to identify the subjects actions. The created solutions have been analyzed about quality. The study showed initial indications that sketching in VR generally enables faster processing while maintaining the same solution quality.

Keywords

Virtual realityConceptual designEmbodiment designSketches
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 1: ICED21 , August 2021 , pp. 1 - 10
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Amicis, R. (2002), “SketchAR : Sketching in Mixed Realities”, In: Gausemeier, J. (Ed.), Paderborner Workshop Augmented & Virtual Reality in der Produktentstehung, pp. 145–156.Google Scholar
Besemer, S.P. (1998), “Creative product analysis matrix: Testing the model structure and a comparison among products – Three novel chairs”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 333–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, R.L. and Prediger, D.J. (1981), “Coefficient Kappa: Some Uses, Misuses, and Alternatives”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 687–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burdea, G. and Coiffet, P. (1994), Virtual reality technology, Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Camba, J.D., Kimbrough, M. and EunSook, K. (2018), “Conceptual product design in digital and traditional sketching environments: a comparative exploratory study”, Journal of Design Research, Vol. 16, pp. 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1504/JDR.2018.10014195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, P.Y., Hung, H.Y., Wu, C.F. and Liu, Y.T. (2017), “Effects of various sketching tools on visual thinking in idea development”, International Journal of Technology and Design Education, Vol. 27, pp. 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-015-9349-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deisinger, J. (2002), Entwicklung eines hybriden Modelliersystems zur immersiven konzeptionellen Formgestaltung, Jost-Jetter, Heimsheim.Google Scholar
Dörner, R., Broll, W., Grimm, P. and Jung, B. (2013), Virtual und Augmented Reality (VR / AR): Grundlagen und Methoden der Virtuellen und Augmentierten Realität, Springer, Heidelberg. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28903-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, M. and Aldoy, N. (2016), “Digital design sketching using the tablet PC”, The Design Journal, Vol. 19 No. 5, pp.763–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fechter, M. and Wartzack, S. (2016), “Konzept für ein VR-System zur intuitiven Modellierung durch natürliche Interaktion”, In: Stelzer, R. (Ed.), Beiträge zur virtuellen Produktentwicklung und Konstruktionstechnik, pp. 561–570.Google Scholar
Fechter, M., Schleich, B. and Wartzack, S. (2020), “CAD-Gestaltmodellierung in VR für die frühe Entwurfsphase”, Konstruktion, Vol. 72, pp. 69–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feeman, S.M., Wright, L.B. and Salmon, J.L. (2018) “Exploration and evaluation of CAD modeling in virtual reality”, Computer-Aided Design & Applications, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 892–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldschmidt, G. (1991), “The dialectics of sketching”, Creativity Research Journal Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 123–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, W. (1999), “Konstruktives Entwickeln als Tätigkeit: Versuch einer Reinterpretation des Entwurfsdenkens (design problem solving)” Zeitschrift für Sprache und Kognition, Vol. 18 No. 3/4, pp. 88–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huet, G., McAlpine, H., Camarero, R., Culley, S.J., Leblanc, T. and Fortin, C. (2009), “The Management of Digital Sketches through PLM solutions”, In: Proceedings of ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design, Vol. 8, pp. 239–250.Google Scholar
Jackson, B. and Keefe, D.F. (2016), “Lift-Off: Using Reference Imagery and Freehand Sketching to Create 3D Models in VR”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 1442–1451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapp, K.M. (2012), The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education, Pfeiffer, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Landis, J.R. and Koch, G.G. (1977), “The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data”, Biometrics, Vol. 33 No. 1, p. 159. http://doi.org/10.2307/2529310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Müller, F.D. (2007), Intuitive digitale Geometriemodellierung in frühen Entwicklungsphasen, Dr. Hut, München.Google Scholar
Nik Ahmad Ariff, N.S., Badke-Schaub, P., Eris, O. and Suib, , S.S.S. (2012), “A framework for reaching common understanding during sketching in design teams”, Proceedings of the 12th International Design Conference (DESIGN 2012), Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp. 1525–1533.Google Scholar
Nikolić, M., Škec, S., Martinec, T. and Horvat, N. (2019), “The Role of Sketching Activities and Outcomes in Conceptual Design Phase”, In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED19), Delft, The Netherlands, 5-8 August 2019. http://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.43Google Scholar
Pache, M.W. (2005), Sketching for conceptual design: Empirical results and future tools, Dr. Hut, München.Google Scholar
Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Blessing, L., Feldhusen, J., Grote, K. and Wallace, K. (2007), Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach, Springer, London. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-319-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rademacher, M.H. (2014), Virtual Reality in der Produktentwicklung: Instrumentarium zur Bewertung der Einsatzmöglichkeiten am Beispiel der Automobilindustrie, Springer, Wiesbaden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranscombe, C., Zhang, W., Rodda, J. and Mathias, D. (2019), “Digital sketch modelling: proposing a hybrid visualisation tool combining affordances of sketching and CAD”, Proceedings of ICED 19, the 22nd International Conference on Engineering Design, pp. 309–318. http://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, B.F. and Radcliffe, D.F. (2009), “Impact of CAD tools on creative problem solving in engineering design”, Computer-Aided Design, No. 41, pp. 136–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodgers, P. A., Green, G. and McGown, A. (2000), “Using concept sketches to track design progress”, Design Studies, Vol. 21 No. 5, pp. 451–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(00)00018-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Römer, A. and Pache, M. (2002), “Skizzieren und Modellieren in der Produktentwicklung: Hilfsmittel des Praktikers auch bei CAD-Arbeit?” In: Hacker, W. (Ed.), Denken in der Produktentwicklung: Psychologische Unterstützung der frühen Phasen, Hampp, Zürich, S. 53–62.Google Scholar
Sachse, P., Hacker, W., Leinert, S. and Riemer, S. (1999), “Prototyping als Unterstützungsmöglichkeit des Denkens und Handelns beim Konstruieren”, Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, No. 43, pp. 71–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachse, P. and Leinert, S. (2002), “Skizzen und Modelle - Wieso Hilfsmittel des Denkens und Handelns beim Konstruieren?”, In: Hacker, W. (Ed.), Denken in der Produktentwicklung: Psychologische Unterstützung der frühen Phasen, Mensch, Technik, Organisation, Hampp, Zürich, pp. 63–82.Google Scholar
Schütze, M., Sachse, P. and Römer, A. (2003), “Support value of sketching in the design process.” Research in Engineering Design, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-002-0028-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schütze, M. and Ulbricht, S. (2006), “Einsatz verschiedenartiger Arbeitsmittel in den frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung - Eine ergebnis- und prozessorientierte Analyse”, In: Zeitschrift fur Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089.50.2.79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sevier, D.C., Jablokow, K., McKilligan, S., Daly, S.R., Baker, I.N. and Silk, E.M. (2017), “Towards the development of an elaboration metric for concept sketches”, In: Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2017-67375Google Scholar
Ullman, D. G., Wood, S. and Craig, D. (1990), “The importance of drawing in the mechanical design process”, In: Computers and Graphics, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 263–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, R.K. (2018), Case study research and applications: Design and methods, Sage, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Xin, M., Sharlin, E. and Costa Sousa, M. (2008), “Napkin Sketch - Handheld Mixed Reality 3D Sketching”, In: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology, pp. 223–226.Google Scholar