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Accepted manuscript

Fluridone use in furrow-irrigated rice: Palmer amaranth control and crop response

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2025

Maria C.C.R. Souza*
Affiliation:
Former Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Distinguished Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Pâmela Carvalho-Moore
Affiliation:
Former Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Amar Godar
Affiliation:
Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Samuel B. Fernandes
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Trenton Roberts
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Thomas R. Butts
Affiliation:
Clinical Assistant Professor, Extension Weed Scientist, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
*
Author for correspondence: Maria C.C.R. Souza, Lilly Hall of Life Science, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd | Office 1-367, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (mdecarv@purdue.edu)
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Abstract

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Rice cultivated under furrow irrigation faces weed management challenges due to the aerobic conditions favoring terrestrial weed emergence, like Palmer amaranth. Fluridone is an HRAC/WSSA Group 12 herbicide recently registered for use in rice, offering an alternative site of action for Palmer amaranth control. Four site-years of field experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 in furrow-irrigated rice to assess Palmer amaranth control and crop tolerance to fluridone applied preemergence (PRE) alone or with different postemergence programs. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and four replications. The whole-plot factor was the postemergence program, while the subplot factor was fluridone applied PRE at 0, 84, 168 (1× labeled rate), and 336 g ai ha−1. Postemergence programs included no herbicide, a single florpyrauxifen-benzyl application at 6 wk after rice emergence (WAE), and a weed-free control. The 2× rate of fluridone caused the greatest visual injury compared to the 0.5× rate across site-years at two and five (WAE), ranging from 8% to 34%. The 1× and 2× rates of fluridone provided the greatest Palmer amaranth density reduction four wk after treatment (WAT). However, the effect diminished or became less prominent by eight WAT, reducing control across fluridone treatments. The follow-up application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl reduced Palmer amaranth density at rice harvest in most instances and diminished seed production by ≥ 94% compared to its absence. Fluridone application, regardless of the rate, did not affect rough rice grain yield under weed-free conditions. These findings suggest that integrating fluridone with a subsequent florpyrauxifen-benzyl application enhances Palmer amaranth management in furrow-irrigated rice compared to fluridone alone. However, sequential applications are needed for successful Palmer amaranth control.

Information

Type
Research Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America