Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-30T12:25:40.491Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Application of microalgae biomass in poultry nutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2015

S. ŚWIĄTKIEWICZ*
Affiliation:
National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition
A. ARCZEWSKA-WŁOSEK
Affiliation:
National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition
D. JÓZEFIAK
Affiliation:
Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management ul. Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
*
Get access

Abstract

The aim of this review is to discuss the use of microalgae as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. Microalgae are unicellular, photosynthetic aquatic plants. They are introduced to poultry diets mainly as a rich source of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docohexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid, but they can also serve as a protein, microelement, vitamin and antioxidants source, as well as a pigmentation agent for skin and egg yolks. The majority of experiments have shown that microalgae, mainly Spirulina and Chlorella sourced as a defatted biomass from biofuel production, can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. They can have beneficial effects on meat and egg quality, i.e. via an increased concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, and in regards to performance indices and immune function. Positive results were obtained when fresh microalgae biomass was used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. In conclusion, because of their chemical composition, microalgae can be efficiently used in poultry nutrition to enhance the pigmentation and nutritional value of meat and eggs, as well as partial replacement of conventional dietary protein sources.

Type
Reviews
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AN, B.K., JEON, J.Y., KANG, C.W., KIM, J.M. and HWANG, J.K. (2014) The tissue distribution of lutein in laying hens fed lutein fortified Chlorella and production of chicken eggs enriched with lutein. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources 34: 172-177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ANDERSON, D.W., TANG, C.S. and ROSS, E. (1991) The xanthophylls of Spirulina and their effect on egg yolk pigmentation. Poultry Science 70: 115-119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AUSTIC, R.E., MUSTAFA, A., JUNG, B., GATRELL, S. and LEI, X.G. (2013) Potential and limitation of a new defatted diatom microalgal biomass in replacing soybean meal and corn in diets for broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61: 7341-7348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BATISTA, A.P., GOUVEIA, L., BANDARRA, N.M., FRANCO, J.M. and RAYMUNDO, A. (2013) Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products. Algal Research 2: 164-173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BELAY, A., KATO, T. and OTA, Y. (1996) Spirulina (Arthrospira): potential application as an animal feed supplement. Journal of Applied Phycology 8: 303-311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRUNEEL, C., LEMAHIEU, C., FRAEYE, I., RYCKEBOSCH, E., MUYLAERT, K., BUYSE, J. and FOUBERT, I. (2013) Impact of microalgal feed supplementation on omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of hen eggs. Journal of Functional Foods 5: 897-904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHEONG, D., KASIM, A., SAZILI, A.Q., OMAR, H. and TEOH, J.Y. (2015) Effect of supplementing Spirulina on live performance, carcass composition and meat quality of Japanese quail. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology 12: 12-18.Google Scholar
COMBS, G.F. (1952) Algae (Chlorella) as a source of nutrients for the chick. Science 116: 453-454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DLOUHA, G., SEVCIKOVA, S., DOKOUPILOVA, A., ZITA, L., HEINDL, J. and SKRIVAN, M. (2008) Effect of dietary selenium sources on growth performance, breast muscle selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidative stability in broilers. Czech Journal of Animal Science 53: 265-269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EKMAY, R.D., CHOU, K., MAGNUON, A. and LEI, X.G. (2015) Continual feeding of two types of microalgal biomass affected protein digestion and metabolism in laying hens. Journal of Animal Science 93: 287-297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ENGLMAIEROVA, M., SKRIVAN, M. and BUBANCOVA, I. (2013) A comparison of lutein, spray-dried Chlorella, and synthetic carotenoids effects on yolk colour, oxidative stability, and reproductive performance of laying hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58: 412-419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EVANS, A.M., SMITH, D.L. and MORITZ, J.S. (2015) Effects of algae incorporation into broiler starter diet formulations on nutrient digestibility and 3 to 21 d bird performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 24: 206-214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GLADKOWSKI, W., KIEŁBOWICZ, G., CHOJNACKA, A., BOBAK, Ł., SPYCHAJ, R., DOBRZANSKI, Z., TRZISZKA, T. and WAWRZENCZYK, C. (2014) The effect of feed supplementation with dietary sources of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, flaxseed and algae Schizochytrium sp., on their incorporation into lipid fractions of Japanese quail eggs. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 49: 1876-1885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GRAU, C.R. and KLEIN, N.W. (1957) Sewage-grown algae as a feedstuff for chicks. Poultry Science 36: 1046-1051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HALLE, I., JANCZYK, P., FREYER, G. and SOUFFRANT, W.B. (2009) Effect of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on laying hen performance. Archiva Zootechnica 12: 5-13.Google Scholar
JANCZYK, P., HALLE, B. and SOUFFRANT, W.B. (2009) Microbial community composition of the crop and ceca contents of laying hens fed diets supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris. Poultry Science 88: 2324-2332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KANG, H.K., SALIM, H.M., AKTER, N., KIM, D.W., KIM, J.H., BANG, H.T., NA, J.C., HWANGBO, J., CHOI, H.C., KIM, M.J. and SUH, O.S. (2013) Effect of various forms of dietary Chlorella supplementation on growth performance, immune characteristics, and intestinal microflora population of broiler chickens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22: 100-108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KHAN, Z., BHADOURIA, P. and BISEN, P.S. (2005) Nutritional and therapeutic potential of Spirulina. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 6: 373-379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KOTRBACEK, V., DOUBEK, J. and DOUCHA, J. (2015) The chlorococcalean alga Chlorella in animal nutrition: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology, in press. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0516-y.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KOTRBACEK, V., HALOUZKA, R., JURAJDA, V., KNOTKOVA, Z. and FILKA, J. (1994) Increased immune response in broilers after administration of natural food supplements. Veterinarni Medicina 39: 321-328.Google ScholarPubMed
KOTRBACEK, V., SKRIVAN, M., KOPECKY, J., PENKAVA, O., HUDECKOVA, P., UHRIKOVA, I. and DOUBEK, J. (2013) Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic Chlorella. C zech Journal of Animal Science 58: 193-200.Google Scholar
LEMAHIEU, C., BRUNEEL, C., TERMOTE-VERHALLE, R., MUYLAERT, K., BUYSE, J. and FOUBERT, I. (2013) Impact of feed supplementation with different omega-3 rich microalgae species on enrichment of eggs of laying hens. Food Chemistry 141: 4051-4059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LEMAHIEU, C., BRUNEEL, C., TERMOTE-VERHALLE, R., MUYLAERT, K., BUYSE, J. and FOUBERT, I. (2014) Effect of different microalgal n-3 PUFA supplementation doses on yolk color and n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment in the egg. Algal Research 6: 119-123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEMAHIEU, C., BRUNEEL, C., RYCKEBOSCH, E., MUYLAERT, K., BUYSE, J. and FOUBERT, I. (2015) Impact of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) sources (flaxseed, Isochrysis galbana, fish oil and DHA Gold) on n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment (efficiency) in the egg yolk. Journal of Functional Foods: in press. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LENG, X., HSU, K.N., AUSTIC, R.E. and LEI, X.G. (2014) Effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 6: 1-7.Google Scholar
LIPSTEIN, B. and HURWITZ, S. (1981) The nutritional value of sewage-grown, alum-flocculated Micractinium algae in broiler and layer diets. Poultry Science 60: 2628-2638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIPSTEIN, B. and HURWITZ, S. (1983) The nutritional value of sewage-grown samples of Chlorella and Micractinium in broiler diets. Poultry Science 62: 1254-1260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARIEY, Y.A., SAMAK, H.R., ABOU-KHASHBA, H.A., SAYED, M.A.M. and ABOU-ZEID, A.E. (2014) Effect of using Spirulina platensis algae as a feed additives for poultry diets. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 34: 245-258.Google Scholar
MARIEY, Y.A., SAMAK, H.R. and IBRAHEM, M.A. (2012) Effect of using Spirulina platensis algae as a feed additive for poultry diets. 1. Productive and reproductive performances of local laying hens. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 32: 201-215.Google Scholar
MUHLING, M., BELAY, A. and WHITTON, B.A. (2005) Variation in fatty acid composition of Arthrospira (Spirulina) strains. Journal of Applied Phycology 17: 137-146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PARK, J.H., UPADHAYA, S.D. and KIM, I.H. (2015) Effect of dietary marine microalgae (Schizochytrium) powder on egg production, blood lipid profiles, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in layers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28: 391-397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PARPINELLO, G.P., MELUZZI, A., SIRRI, F., TALLARICO, N. and VERSRI, A. (2006) Sensory evaluation of egg products and eggs laid from hens fed diets with different fatty acid composition and supplemented with antioxidants. Food Research International 39: 47-52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PIETRAS, M. and ORCZEWSKA-DUDEK, S. (2013) The effect of dietary Camelina sativa oil on quality of broiler chicken meat. Annals of Animal Science 13: 869-882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
QUERESHI, M.A., GARLICH, J.D. and KIDD, M.T. (1996) Dietary Spirulina platensis enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune functions in chickens. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 18: 465-476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RAJU, M.V.L.N., RAO, S.V., RADHIKA, K. and CHAWAK, M.M. (2005) Dietary supplementation of Spirulina and its effects on broiler chicken exposed to aflatoxicosis. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 40: 36-40.Google Scholar
REZVANI, M., ZAGHARI, M. and MORAVEJ, H. (2012) A survey on Chlorella vulgaris effect's on performance and cellular immunity in broilers. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 3: 9-15.Google Scholar
RIZZI, L., BOCHOCCHIO, D., BARGELLINI, A., PARAZZA, P. and SIMIOLO, M. (2009) Effects of dietary microalgae, other lipid sources, inorganic selenium and iodine on yolk n‐3 fatty acid composition, selenium content and quality of eggs in laying hens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89: 1775-1781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ROSS, E. and DOMINY, W. (1990) The nutritional value of dehydrated, blue-green algae (Spirulina plantensis) for poultry. Poultry Science 69: 794-800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCHIAVONE, A., CHIARINI, R., MARZONI, M., CASTILLO, A., TASSONE, S. and ROMBOLI, I. (2007) Breast meat traits of Muscovy ducks fed on a microalga (Crypthecodinium cohnii) meal supplemented diet. British Poultry Science 48: 573-579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SHANMUGAPRIYA, B., BABU, S.S., HARIHARAN, T., SIVANESWARAN, S. and ANUSHA, M.B. (2015) Dietary administration of spirulina platensis as probiotics on growth performance and histopathology in broiler chicks. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 6: 2650-2653.Google Scholar
SKRIVAN, M., MAROUNEK, M., DLOUHA, G. and SEVCIKOVA, S. (2008) Dietary selenium increases vitamin E contents of egg yolk and chicken meat. British Poultry Science 49: 482-486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TOYOMIZU, M., SATO, K., TARODA, H., KATO, T. and AKIBA, Y. (2001) Effects of dietary Spirulina on meat colour in muscle of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 42: 197-202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TRZISZKA, T., ŁUKASZEWICZ, E., BOBAK, Ł., KOWALCZYK, A., ADAMSKI, M. and DOBRZAŃSKI, Z. (2014) Effect of enriching feeds with algae marine and linseed on morphological composition and physical and chemical characteristics of Japanese quail eggs. Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość 97: 138-149.Google Scholar
VENKATARAMAN, L.V., SOMASEKARAN, T. and BECKER, E.W. (1994) Replacement value of blue‐green alga (Spirulina platensis) for fishmeal and a vitamin‐mineral premix for broiler chicks. British Poultry Science 35: 373-381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALDENSTEDT, L., INBORR, J., HANNSON, I. and ELWINGER, K. (2003) Effects of astaxanthin-rich algal meal (Haematococcus pluvalis) on growth performance, caecal campylobacter and clostridial counts and tissue astaxanthin concentration of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 108: 119-132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WU, X., OUYANG, H., DUAN, B., PANG, D., ZHANG, L., YUAN, T., XUE, L., NI, D., CHENG, L., DOMG, S., WEI, Z., LI, L., YU, M., SUN, Q.Y., CHEN, D.Y., LAI, L., DAI, Y. and LI, G.P. (2012) Production of cloned transgenic cow expressing omega-3 fatty acids. Transgenic Research 21: 537-543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
YAN, L. and KIM, I.H. (2013) Effects of dietary ω-3 fatty acid-enriched microalgae supplementation on growth performance, blood profiles, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of meat in broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research 41: 392-397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YANOVYCH, D., CZECH, A. and ZASADNA, Z. (2013) The effect of dietary fish oil on the lipid and fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of goose leg muscles. Annals of Animal Science 13: 155-165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZAHROOJIAN, N., MORAVEJ, H. and SHIVAZAD, M. (2011) Comparison of marine algae (Spirulina platensis) and synthetic pigment in enhancing egg yolk colour of laying hens. British Poultry Science 52: 584-588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ZAHROOJIAN, N., MORAVEJ, H. and SHIVAZAD, M. (2013) Effects of dietary marine algae (Spirulina platensis) on egg quality and production performance of laying hens. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 15: 1353-1360.Google Scholar
ZDUNCZYK, Z. and JANKOWSKI, J. (2013) Poultry meat as functional food: modification of the fatty acid profile. Annals of Animal Science 13: 463-480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZHENG, L., OH, S.T., JEON, J.Y., MOON, B.H., KWON, H.S., LIM, S.U, AN, B.K. and KANG, C.W. (2012) The dietary effects of fermented Chlorella vulgaris (CBT) on production performance, liver lipids and intestinal microflora in laying hens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 25: 261-266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed