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8 - Anaerobic fermentation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2012

Byung Hong Kim  and
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Byung Hong Kim
Affiliation:
Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
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Summary

Anaerobic conditions are maintained in some ecosystems where the rate of oxygen supply is lower than that of consumption. Organic compounds are removed from anaerobic ecosystems through the concerted action of fermentative and anaerobic respiratory microorganisms. In microbiology, the term ‘fermentation’ can be used to describe either microbial processes that produce useful products or a form of anaerobic microbial growth using internally supplied electron acceptors and generating ATP mainly through substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP).

Electron acceptors used in anaerobic metabolism

Fermentation and anaerobic respiration

Respiration refers to the reduction of oxygen by electrons from the electron transport chains coupled to the generation of a proton motive force through electron transport phosphorylation (ETP; Section 5.8). Under anaerobic conditions, some microorganisms grow using an ETP process with externally supplied oxidized compounds other than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This type of growth is referred to as anaerobic respiration. In a fermentative process, ATP is generated through SLP with the oxidation of electron donors coupled to the reduction of electron carriers such as NAD(P)+ or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The reduced electron carriers are reoxidized reducing the metabolic intermediate.

This chapter describes the fermentation processes carried out by various anaerobic prokaryotes. In fermentation, ATP is generated not only through SLP but also by other mechanisms such as the reactions catalyzed by fumarate reductase and Na+-dependent decarboxylase, and lactate/H+ symport as described earlier (Section 5.8.6).

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Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism , pp. 252 - 297
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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