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Chapter 7 - Degraded Nature

Wuthering Heights and the Last Poems of Emily Brontë

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2019

Alexandra Lewis
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
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Summary

Helen Small traces Emily Brontë’s thinking about what is entailed in the experience of human degradation, and whether or not it is possible for an animal to be degraded. Emily Brontë’s novel abounds with humiliations perpetrated along hierarchical lines: the powerful oppress the relatively disempowered. The language of abuse in Wuthering Heights is a language of animalistic debasement, and Small links this with Emily Brontë’s treatment of verbal force as proximate to physical violence: a means of challenging politeness, sentiment, moralism, and conventional representation of the period. Degradation, for Brontë, has to do not with any external taxonomy of worth but with damage done against a creature’s own being. Drawing on the work of Hannah Arendt and Kate Soper on human nature and social agreement, Small explores why Wuthering Heights is resistant to conventional moral readings. Small also attends to Emily’s devoir piece on intemperance and denaturing (‘La Palais de la Mort’) and the last two poems in the ‘Gondal Notebook’, suggesting a progression from conservative to cynical thought on civil war, morality, and humanity’s lust for power. For Small, poems 126 and 127 put normative ethics under considerable strain, and may mark a move toward a fully impersonal lyricism.

Type
Chapter
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The Brontës and the Idea of the Human
Science, Ethics, and the Victorian Imagination
, pp. 147 - 166
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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  • Degraded Nature
  • Edited by Alexandra Lewis, University of Aberdeen
  • Book: The Brontës and the Idea of the Human
  • Online publication: 22 May 2019
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316651063.008
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  • Degraded Nature
  • Edited by Alexandra Lewis, University of Aberdeen
  • Book: The Brontës and the Idea of the Human
  • Online publication: 22 May 2019
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316651063.008
Available formats
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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Degraded Nature
  • Edited by Alexandra Lewis, University of Aberdeen
  • Book: The Brontës and the Idea of the Human
  • Online publication: 22 May 2019
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316651063.008
Available formats
×