Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T01:57:44.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Measuring marketing performance: research, practice and challenges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Bruce Clark
Affiliation:
Associate Professor Marketing Group of the College of Business Administration Northeastern University, USA
Andy Neely
Affiliation:
Cranfield University, UK
Get access

Summary

Introduction: the pressure to measure

It is a heady time for marketing performance measurement. In the past several years the pressure to measure the performance of marketing better has become relentless from both corporate managers and the academics and consultants who work with them. In the United Kingdom several marketing trade organizations recently came together to sponsor the Marketing Metrics project (Ambler, 2003), and the Chartered Institute of Marketing issued its own substantial report on marketing effectiveness (Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2001). In the United States the influential Marketing Science Institute declared marketing metrics a key research priority in four consecutive biennial reports (Marketing Science Institute, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004), supported by several well-attended joint conferences of academics and practitioners (Debruyne and Hubbard, 2000; Bahadir and Tuli, 2002; Bruno, Parthasarathi and Singh, 2005) and a special section of the October 2004 issue of the Journal of Marketing (Lehmann, 2004). The American Marketing Association followed up with a major study among its members on marketing accountability (American Marketing Association, 2005). Other US-based organizations, such as the Marketing Leadership Council (Marketing Leadership Council, 2001, 2002, 2003) and the CMO (chief marketing officer) Council (CMO Council, 2004), have also issued their own reports on improving performance measurement.

This rush of interest has been driven by a number of factors.

Type
Chapter
Information
Business Performance Measurement
Unifying Theory and Integrating Practice
, pp. 36 - 63
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aaker, D. A., and Jacobson, R. (1994). The financial information content of perceived quality. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(2), 191–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abela, A. V., Clark, B. H., and Ambler, T. (2005). The impact of marketing performance assessment and marketing dashboards on firm performance and learning. Working paper, Washington, DC: Catholic University of America.
Ailawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D. R., and Neslin, S. A. (2003). Revenue premium as an outcome measure of brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 67(4), 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambler, T. (2003). Marketing and the Bottom Line, 2nd edn. London: Financial Times – Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Ambler, T., and Barwise, P. (1998). The trouble with brand valuation. The Journal of Brand Management, 5(5), 367–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambler, T., and Riley, D. (2000). Marketing Metrics: A Review of Performance Measures in Use in the UK and Spain, Report no. 00–500. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
American Marketing Association (2005). Marketing Accountability Study White Paper. Chicago: American Marketing Association.Google Scholar
Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., and Mazvancheryl, S. K. (2004). Customer satisfaction and shareholder value. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 172–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, E. W., and Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, J. S., and Collopy, F. (1996). Competitor orientation: effects of objectives and information on managerial decisions and profitability. Journal of Marketing Research, 33(2), 188–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacon, C. (2002). Promo optimizer: Colgate-Palmolive approach to maximizing ROI. In Bahadir, S. C., and Tuli, K. R. (eds.), Measuring Marketing Productivity: Linking Marketing to Financial Returns, Report no. 02–119, 31–2. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Bahadir, S. C., and Tuli, K. R. (2002). Measuring Marketing Productivity: Linking Marketing to Financial Returns, Report no. 02–119. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Barry, T. E. (2002). In defense of the hierarchy of effects: a rejoinder to Weilbacher. Journal of Advertising Research, 42(3), 44–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barwise, P. (1993). Brand equity: snark or boojum?International Journal of Research in Marketing, 10, 93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behn, R. D. (2003). Why measure performance? Different purposes require different measures. Public Administration Review, 63(5), 586–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhargava, M., Dubelaar, C., and Ramaswami, S. (1994). Reconciling diverse measures of performance: a conceptual framework and test of a methodology. Journal of Business Research, 31, 235–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, R. N., Lemon, K. N., and Verhoef, P. C. (2004). The theoretical underpinnings of customer asset management: a framework and propositions for research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 271–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonoma, T. V., and Clark, B. H. (1988). Marketing Performance Assessment. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
Bruno, H. A., Parthasarathi, U., and Singh, N. (eds.) (2005). Does Marketing Measure Up? Performance Metrics: Practices and Impacts, Report no. 05–301. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
Buzzell, R. D., and Chussil, M. J. (1985). Managing for tomorrow. Sloan Management Review, 26(4), 3–14.Google Scholar
Buzzell, R. D., and Gale, B. T. (1987). The PIMS Principles: Linking Strategy to Performance. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Chartered Institute of Marketing (2001). Marketing Effectiveness. London: Chartered Institute of Marketing.Google Scholar
Chartered Institute of Marketing(2005). What is marketing? CIM's definition. London: Chartered Institute of Marketing, www.cim.co.uk/dev/html/marwha.cfm (accessed 11 August 2005).
Clark, B. H. (1999). Marketing performance measures: history and interrelationships. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(8), 711–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, B. H.(2000). Managerial perceptions of marketing performance: efficiency, adaptability, effectiveness and satisfaction. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 8(1), 3–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, B. H.(2002). Measuring performance: the marketing perspective. In Neely, A. D. (ed.), Business Performance Measurement: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, B. H., Abela, A. V., and Ambler, T. (2004). Return on measurement: relating marketing metrics practices to firm performance. Paper presented at American Marketing Association Summer Educators' Conference, Boston, 6–9 August.Google Scholar
CMO Council (2004). Measures and Metrics: The CMO Council Marketing Performance Measurement Report. Palo Alto, CA: CMO Council.Google Scholar
Day, G. S., and Fahey, L. (1988). Valuing market strategies. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 45–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debruyne, M., and Mubbard, K. (2000). Marketing Metrics, Report no. 00–119. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
DeChernatony, L., Riley, F. D. O., and Harris, F. (1998). Criteria to assess brand success. Journal of Marketing Management, 14, 765–81.Google Scholar
Dick, A. S., and Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, P. R., Farris, P. W., and Verbeke, W. J. M. I. (2001). Dynamic strategic thinking. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(3), 216–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaher, P. J., and Mattson, J. (1994). Customer satisfaction during the service delivery process. European Journal of Marketing, 28(5), 5–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doyle, S. (2004). Which part of my marketing spends really works? Marketing mix modelling may have an answer. Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 11(4), 379–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duffy, M. (2000). Kraft's return on marketing investment: portfolio planning implications. In Debruyne, M., and Hubbard, K. (eds.), Marketing Metrics, Report no. 00–119, 33–6. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
Duffy, M.(2002). Measuring marketing ROI … Great, but usually late. In Bahadir, S. C., and Tuli, K. R. (eds.), Measuring Marketing Productivity: Linking Marketing to Financial Returns, Report no. 02–119, 23–5. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
East, R., Lomax, W., and Narain, R. (2001). Customer tenure, recommendation and switching. Journal of Customer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 14, 46–54.Google Scholar
Eechambadi, N. V. (2005). Unraveling the marketing mystique. Strategic Finance, 87(1), 41–7.Google Scholar
Feder, R. A. (1965). How to measure marketing performance. Harvard Business Review, 43(3), 132–42.Google Scholar
Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., and Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: nature, purpose, and findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franses, P. H. (2005). On the use of econometric models for policy simulation in marketing. Journal of Marketing Research, 52(1), 4–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geyskens, I., Gielens, K., and Dekimpe, M. G. (2002). The market valuation of internet channel additions. Journal of Marketing, 66(2), 102–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, S. J. (1970). Techniques of Profitability Analysis. New York: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. J.(1972). The Marketing Controller. New York: AMR International.Google Scholar
Greene, W. H. (1990). Econometric Analysis. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Greve, H. (1998). Performance, aspirations, and risky organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(1), 58–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruca, T. S., and Rego, L. L. (2005). Customer satisfaction, cash flow, and shareholder value. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 115–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunasekaran, A., Patel, C., and McGaughey, R. E. (2004). A framework for supply chain performance measurement. International Journal of Production Economics, 87, 333–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, S., and Lehmann, D. R. (2003). Customers as assets. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(1), 9–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, S., Lehmann, D. R., and Stuart, J. A. (2004). Valuing customers. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(1), 7–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haigh, D. (1998). The Future of Brand Value Reporting. London: Brand Finance.Google Scholar
Haigh, D., and Knowles, J. (2004). Don't waste time with brand valuation. Marketing NPV, 1(6), 17–19.Google Scholar
Halstead, D., Hartman, D., and Schmidt, S. L. (1994). Multisource effects on the satisfaction formation process. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 114–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanssens, D. (2005). Performance regimes and marketing policy shifts. In Bruno, H. A., Parthasarathi, U., and Singh, N. (eds.), Does Marketing Measure Up? Performance Metrics: Practices and Impacts, Report no. 05–301, 6–7. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Henderson, B. D. (1973). The Experience Curve–Reviewed: IV. The Growth Share Matrix or the Product Portfolio, Perspectives 135. Boston: Boston Consulting Group.Google Scholar
Hogan, J. E., Lehmann, D. R., Merino, M., Srivastava, R. K., Thomas, J. S., and Verhoef, P. C. (2002). Linking customer assets to financial performance. Journal of Service Research, 5(1), 26–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honeycutt, E. D. (2005). Technology improves sales performance – doesn't it? An introduction to the special issue on selling and sales technology. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(4), 301–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humby, C. (2005). Leveraging returns from a $100m investment in customer rewards, through communication, price, and promotion. In Bruno, H. A., Parthasarathi, U., and Singh, N. (eds.), Does Marketing Measure Up? Performance Metrics: Practices and Impacts, Report no. 05–301, 4–6. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Jacobson, R. (1988). Distinguishing among competing theories of the market share effect. Journal of Marketing, 52(4), 68–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, R. S., and Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard: measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.(1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 75–85.Google Scholar
Keefe, L. M. (2004). What is the meaning of “marketing”? Marketing News, 38(15), 17–18.Google Scholar
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, K. L.(2002). Strategic Brand Management, 2nd edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Kerin, R. A., and Sethuraman, R. (1998). Exploring the brand value–shareholder value nexus for consumer goods companies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(4), 260–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerssens-van Drongelen, I., Nixon, B., and Pearson, A. (2000). Performance measurement in industrial R&D. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(2), 111–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., and Morris, J. D. (2003). The effect of advertising on the market value of firms: empirical evidence from the Super Bowl ads. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 12(1), 53–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Suh, E., and Hwang, H. (2003). A model for evaluating the effectiveness of CRM using the balanced scorecard. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(2), 5–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kincaid, S. (2000). Pushing the levers that make money: econometrics and business development. In Debruyne, M., and Hubbard, K. (eds.), Marketing Metrics, Report no. 00–119, 15–16. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
Kumar, V., and Petersen, J. A. (2004). Maximizing ROI or profitability. Marketing Research, 16(3), 28–34.Google Scholar
Lane, V., and Jacobson, R. (1995). Stock market reactions to brand extension announcements: the effects of brand attitude and familiarity. Journal of Marketing, 59(1), 63–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lant, T. K. (1992). Aspiration level adaptation: an empirical exploration. Management Science, 38(5), 623–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, R. P., and Grewal, R. (2004). Strategic responses to new technologies and their impact on firm performance. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 157–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, D. R. (2004). Metrics for making marketing matter. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 73–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenskold, J. D. (2004). Customer-centric marketing ROI. Marketing Management, 13(1), 26–31.Google Scholar
Lewin, A. Y., and Minton, J. W. (1986). Determining organizational effectiveness: another look, and an agenda for research. Management Science, 32(5), 514–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manchanda, P., Rossi, P. E., and Chintagunta, P. K. (2004). Response modeling with nonrandom marketing-mix variables. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(4), 467–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
March, J. G., and Sutton, R. I. (1997). Organizational performance as a dependent variable. Organization Science, 8(6), 698–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marketing Leadership Council (2001). Measuring Marketing Performance. Washington, DC: Marketing Leadership Council.Google Scholar
Marketing Leadership Council(2002). Marketing Investment and Impact Benchmarks. Washington, DC: Marketing Leadership Council.
Marketing Leadership Council(2003). 2003 Marketing Investment Benchmarks. Washington, DC: Marketing Leadership Council.
Marketing Science Institute (1998). 1998–2000 Research Priorities: A Guide to MSI Research Programs and Procedures. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
Marketing Science Institute(2000). 2000–2002 Research Priorities: A Guide to MSI Research Programs and Procedures. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Marketing Science Institute(2002). 2002–2004 Research Priorities: A Guide to MSI Research Programs and Procedures. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Marketing Science Institute(2004). 2004–2006 Research Priorities: A Guide to MSI Research Programs and Procedures. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Mavrinac, S., and Siesfeld, T. (1997). Measures that matter: an exploratory investigation of investors' information needs and value priorities. Working paper, Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Menon, A., and Varadarajan, P. R. (1992). A model of marketing knowledge use within firms. Journal of Marketing, 56(4), 53–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazaki, A. D. (2001). Assessing market value of event sponsoring: corporate Olympic sponsorships. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(1), 9–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. (1994). What happens after success: the perils of excellence. Journal of Management Studies, 31(3), 325–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mittal, V., and Kamakura, W. A. (2001). Satisfaction, repurchase intent, and repurchase behavior: investigating the moderating effects of customer characteristics. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 131–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizik, N., and Jacobson, R. (2003). Trading off between value creation and value appropriation: the financial implications of shifts in strategic emphasis. Journal of Marketing, 67(1), 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, N. A., Anderson, E. W., and Mittal, V. (2005). Understanding firms' customer satisfaction information usage. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 131–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, N. A., Clark, B. H., and Gooner, R. (2002). Marketing productivity, marketing audits, and systems for marketing performance assessment: integrating multiple perspectives. Journal of Business Research, 55, 363–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neely, A. (1998). Measuring Business Performance. London: Economist Books.Google Scholar
Neff, J. (2005). ROI: the marketer's obsession. Advertising Age, 76(25), S1–S2.Google Scholar
Netemeyer, R. G., Krishnan, B., Pullig, C., Wang, G., Yagci, M., Dean, D., Ricks, J., and Wirth, F. (2004). Developing and validating measures of facets of customer-based brand equity. Journal of Business Research, 57, 209–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piercy, N. (1986). Marketing asset accounting: scope and rationale. European Journal of Marketing, 20(1), 5–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piercy, N.(2002). Market-Led Strategic Change, 3rd edn. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Reibstein, D., Norton, D., Joshi, Y., and Farris, P. (2005). Marketing dashboards: a decision support system for assessing marketing productivity. Paper presented at Marketing Science conference, Atlanta, 16–18 June.
Reichheld, F. E. (1994). Loyalty and the renaissance of marketing. Marketing Management, 2(4), 10–21.Google Scholar
Reinartz, W., Krafft, M., and Hoyer, W. D. (2004). The customer relationship management process: its measurement and impact on performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 293–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinartz, W., and Kumar, V. (2000). On the profitability of long-life customers in a noncontractual setting: an empirical investigation and implications for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 64(4), 17–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigby, D. (2001). Management tools and techniques: a survey. California Management Review, 43(2), 139–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rust, R. T., Ambler, T., Carpenter, G. S., Kumar, V., and Srivastava, R. K. (2004). Measuring marketing productivity: current research and future directions. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 76–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rust, R. T., Lemon, K. N., and Zeithaml, V. A. (2004). Return on marketing: using customer equity to focus marketing strategy. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 109–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selnes, F. (1993). An examination of the effect of product performance on brand reputation, satisfaction and loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 27(9), 19–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sevin, C. H. (1965). Marketing Productivity Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Shank, J. K. (1989). Strategic cost management: new wine, or just new bottles?Journal of Management Accounting Research, 1, 47–65.Google Scholar
Sharma, A., and Lacey, N. (2004). Linking product development outcomes to market valuation of the firm: the case of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(5), 297–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheth, J. N., and Sisodia, R. S. (1995). Feeling the heat. Marketing Management, 4(2), 8–23.Google Scholar
Simon, C. J., and Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The measurement and determinants of brand equity: a financial approach. Marketing Science, 12(1), 28–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spreng, R. A., MacKenzie, S. B., and Olshavsky, R. W. (1996). A reexamination of the determinants of customer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 15–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, R. K., Shervani, T. A., and Fahey, L. (1998). Market-based assets and shareholder value: a framework for analysis. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 2–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, R. K., Shervani, T. A., and Fahey, L.(1999). Marketing, business processes, and shareholder value: an organizationally embedded view of marketing activities and the discipline for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 63 (Special issue), 168–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szymanski, D. M., Bharadwaj, S. G., and Varadarajan, P. R. (1993). An analysis of the market share–profitability relationship. Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 1–18.Google Scholar
Szymanski, D. M., and Henard, D. H. (2001). Customer satisfaction: a meta-analysis of the evidence. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(1), 16–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teas, R. K. (1993). Expectations, performance evaluation, and consumers' perceptions of quality. Journal of Marketing, 57(4), 18–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teas, R. K., and Palan, K. M. (1997). The realms of scientific meaning framework for constructing theoretically meaningful nominal definitions of marketing concepts. Journal of Marketing, 61(2), 52–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toulson, P. K., and Dewe, P. (2004). HR accounting as a measurement tool. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(2), 75–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vazquez, R., Del Rio, A. B., and Iglesias, V. (2002). Consumer-based brand equity: development and validation of a measurement scale. Journal of Marketing Management, 18(1/2), 27–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkatesan, R., and Kumar, V. (2004). A customer lifetime value framework for customer selection and resource allocation strategy. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 106–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verhoef, P. C., Spring, P. N., Hoekstra, J. C., and Leeflang, P. S. H. (2003). The commercial use of segmentation and predictive modeling techniques for database marketing in the Netherlands. Decision Support Systems, 34(4), 471–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voss, G. B., Parasuraman, A., and Grewal, D. (1998). The roles of price, performance, and expectations in determining satisfaction in service exchanges. Journal of Marketing, 62(4), 46–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, F. E. Jr., Malter, A. J., and Ganesan, S. (2005). The decline and dispersion of marketing competence. Sloan Management Review, 46(4), 35–43.Google Scholar
Weilbacher, W. M. (2001). Point of view: does advertising cause a “hierarchy of effects”?Journal of Advertising Research, 41(6), 19–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winer, R. S. (2000). What marketing metrics are used by MSI members? In Debruyne, M., and Hubbard, K. (eds.), Marketing Metrics, Report no. 00–119, 3–6. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.Google Scholar
Yoo, B., and Donthu, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yi, Y. (1990). A critical review of customer satisfaction. In Zeithaml, V. A. (ed.), Review of Marketing 1990, 68–123. Chicago: American Marketing Association.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×