This chapter concerns the mental health of people aged 65 and over who have moved from their country of birth – the older immigrant population. In the UK, although the absolute numbers of older people from Black and minority ethnic groups are relatively small, there is a greater concentration in deprived inner-city areas. Numbers are also increasing rapidly, as those who immigrated to the UK after the Second World War reach retirement age. This is evident from the exponential increase, particularly in England and Wales, of people over 65 who come from an ethnic minority, from 3% in the 1991 census to 8.2% in 2001 (Shah et al, 2005). Estimates based on 2004 data suggest that 11 860 individuals from Black and minority ethnic groups in the UK have dementia (King's College London & London School of Economics, 2007), and between 33 559 and 52 980 have depression (Shah, 2008). The prevalence of dementia and depression in older people is generally similar or higher in those from minority ethnic groups than in the indigenous population (Bhatnagar & Frank, 1997). A systematic review of dementia in African–Caribbean people living in Britain found an excess prevalence in comparison with White British peers. Of the 11 papers assessed, all except one found a statistically significant increase in prevalence in the African–Caribbean population (Adelman et al, 2009).