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  • Cited by 43
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
March 2013
Print publication year:
2013
Online ISBN:
9781139236980

Book description

In 1946, the judges at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg declared 'crimes against peace' - the planning, initiation or waging of aggressive wars - to be 'the supreme international crime'. At the time, the prosecuting powers heralded the charge as being a legal milestone, but it later proved to be an anomaly arising from the unique circumstances of the post-war period. This study traces the idea of criminalising aggression, from its origins after the First World War, through its high-water mark at the post-war tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, to its abandonment during the Cold War. Today, a similar charge - the 'crime of aggression' - is being mooted at the International Criminal Court, so the ideas and debates that shaped the original charge of 'crimes against peace' assume new significance and offer valuable insights to lawyers, policy-makers and scholars engaged in international law and international relations.

Reviews

'Sellars does a masterful job. Drawing heavily on period documents, many of them unpublished at the time, she provides a highly readable account of the fits and starts that accompanied the emergence of the notion that individuals may be prosecuted for a war of aggression.'

John B. Quigley Source: International Affairs

'Sellars does an excellent job of highlighting the various controversies and personality clashes that almost scuttled [the] early, and flawed, experiments in international criminal justice. She succeeds in synthesizing a narrative … in which the pertinent questions of international law … are placed in the context of great power politics.'

Victor Kattan Source: Journal of International Criminal Justice

'[This] book is more than a history of aggression; the product of comprehensive and in-depth archival research from an enviable range of sources, it is also an excellent general history of the development of international criminal law itself. There are many good books on the road to international criminal law, but if you were to read just one, I would recommend this. Its lucid pungent analysis makes it a pleasure to read.'

Neil Boister - Te Piringa Faculty of Law, University of Waikato

‘There are many good books on the road to international criminal law, but if you were to read just one, I would recommend this. Its lucid pungent analysis makes it a pleasure to read.’

Neil Boister Source: Edinburgh Law Review

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Contents

Bibliography

Primary sources

Archives

  • Access to Archival Databases (National Archives and Records Administration), aad.archives.gov/aad

  • Archives du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Paris

  • Australian War Memorial, Canberra: William Flood Webb papers

  • Georgetown University, Washington DC: Francis Biddle papers

  • Harvard Law School Library: Joseph Berry Keenan digital collection, www.law.harvard.edu/library/digital/keenan-digital-collection.html

  • Library of Congress, Washington DC: Robert H. Jackson papers

  • National Archives, Kew, United Kingdom

  • National Archives of Australia, Canberra

  • National Archives of New Zealand, Wellington

  • National Archives and Records Administration, MD

Official or primary records

The American presidency project, the papers of the American presidents, www.presidency.ucsb.edu.

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Willis, J.F., Prologue to Nuremberg: the politics and diplomacy of punishing war criminals of the First World War (Westport: Greenwood, 1982).
Woetzel, R.K., The Nuremberg trials in international law, 2nd impression, revised (London: Stevens & Sons, 1962).
Wolfe, R. and others, Symposium, ‘1945–1995: Critical perspectives on the Nuremberg trials and state accountability’, New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 12 (1995), 453–544.
Wright, Q., ‘The concept of aggression in international law’, American Journal of International Law 29 (1935), 373–395.
Wright, Q., ‘Human rights and the world order’, International Conciliation 389 (1943), 238–262.
Wright, Q., ‘Legal positivism and the Nuremberg judgment’, American Journal of International Law 42 (1948), 405–414.
Wright, Q., ‘The law of the Nuremberg trial’, American Journal of International Law 41 (1947), 38–72.
Wright, Q., ‘The meaning of the Pact of Paris’, American Journal of International Law 27 (1933), 39–61.
Wright, Q., ‘The outlawry of war’, American Journal of International Law 19 (1925), 76–103.
Wright, R.A., and UNWCC (eds.), History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission and the development of the laws of war (London: HMSO, 1948).
Wyzanski Jr, C.E., ‘Nuremberg – a fair trial?’, Atlantic Monthly 177 (1946), 66–70.
Wyzanski Jr, C.E., ‘Nuremberg in retrospect’, Atlantic Monthly 178 (1946), 56–59.
YamaguchiS., (ed.) Buddhism and culture: dedicated to Dr. Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki in commemoration of his ninetieth birthday (Kyoto: Nakano Press, 1960).
Zorya, Y., and N. Lebedeva, ‘The year 1939 in the Nuremberg trials’, International Affairs (Moscow) 10 (1989), 117–129.

Newspapers

‘Game called: muddy grounds’, Chicago Daily Tribune (7 August 1953), 16.
‘No more Japanese trials for plotting war of aggression’, Dominion (Wellington) (17 March 1949).
‘Tokio sentences’, Manchester Guardian Weekly (18 November 1948).
Shotwell, J.T., ‘A British Monroe Doctrine?’ New York Herald Tribune (12 June 1928).
‘No Hirohito trial, says Keenan’, New York Times (18 June 1946), 1.
Crane, B., ‘Old Tokyo crimes to be investigated’, New York Times (15 December 1945), 2.
‘Vishinsky depicts dire West future’, New York Times (22 November 1952), 3.
‘War-crimes court of 35 judges seen’, New York Times (26 December 1943).
TakayanagiK., ‘International military tribunal’, Nippon Times (Tokyo) (1 April 1946).
White, F., ‘How trial judges voted’, Nippon Times (Tokyo) (10 December 1948).
Ečer, B., ‘What is meant by “war crimes”’, Sunday Express (London) (11 February 1945).
‘Britain and America in peace’, The Times (6 March 1946), 4.
‘Britain and the Pact’, The Times (31 July 1928), 14.
‘Counsel rebuked at Tokyo trial’, The Times (23 April 1947), 3.
‘The debate on policy’, The Times (14 February 1924), 7.
‘Defining an aggressor’, The Times (26 May 1933), 13.
‘The Kurdish rising’, The Times (25 July 1930), 11.
‘M. Herriot’s speech’, The Times, (6 September 1924), 9.
‘Mr. Hull on Pearl Harbour’, The Times (24 November 1945), 3.
‘Prime Minister on German crimes’, The Times (30 November 1918), 6.
Murray, G., ‘To the Editor’, The Times (2 May 1946), 5.
Smith, H.A., ‘To the Editor’, The Times (31 May 1933), 10.

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