This digest adheres to the following editorial conventions:

1. • The material is divided into multiple chapters and sub-sections, systematically broken down under issue-specific sub-headings.

2. • Each sub-section is introduced by a concise overview of relevant jurisprudence relating to the concept, principle or issue in question, followed by key extracts from WTO panel, Appellate Body and arbitration decisions.

3. • Where there are multiple cases addressing an issue under a particular subheading, they are generally presented in chronological order; in some instances cases are grouped together, out of strict chronological order, if they are closely linked to one another.

4. • All WTO cases and agreements are referred to by their standard short titles. The glossary that follows sets out the full title (and brief explanation) of the WTO agreements referenced most frequently in this work. The table of cases that follows sets out the full citation for all WTO cases cited.

5. • All extracts are introduced by short explanatory sentences, which present the context for the statements being quoted.

6. • Original footnotes within extracted passages are omitted, except where they contain substantial discussion; when retained, such footnotes are reproduced immediately below the extracted passage.

7. • No emphasis is added to any of the extracts. Thus, wherever there is any emphasis in an extract, it is found in the original.

8. • Within quoted material, ellipses (…) are used to indicate where text within a sentence, a paragraph or larger section has been omitted. Ellipses are not used at the beginning or ending of passages reproduced in quotations. Square brackets are used to indicate required editorial changes, which have been kept to a strict minimum.