Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-08T21:48:14.777Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - “Herdsmen Are Terrorists”

Analyzing News Headlines on the Herder–Farmer Conflict in the Nigerian Press

from Part I - Conflict Discourse in Newspaper Reporting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2022

Innocent Chiluwa
Affiliation:
Covenant University, Nigeria
Get access

Summary

This chapter argues that the discursive construction of the herders as terrorists exacerbates suspicion and fear in herder–farmer relations and further destroys the prospect of peace in Nigeria. Applying a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to analyze the representations of the main actors in the conflict, 175 news headlines of seven popular Nigerian broadsheet newspapers were studied. The study reveals that the herdsmen are consistently constructed as terrorists, as violent actions such as unprovoked attacks and killings are attributed to them. However, the farmers are constructed as non-violent and as the victims. Hence, the press explicitly constructs the herder–farmer conflict in terms of the “killer-herdsmen” script with which the herders are generally evaluated.

Type
Chapter
Information
Discourse, Media, and Conflict
Examining War and Resolution in the News
, pp. 69 - 92
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abba, Tijani S. and Musa, Nasiru. 2015. “Speech Act Analysis of Daily Trust and The Nation Newspapers’ Headline Reports on Boko Haram.” Journal of Communication and Culture 6(1): 6372.Google Scholar
Abdullahi, S., Daneyel, N. and Aliyara, Y. 2015. “Grazing Reserves and Pastoralism in Nigeria: A Review.” Vom Journal of Veterinary Science 10, 137142.Google Scholar
Adeniyi, Olusegun. 2019. “The Problem with Ruga Settlement.” This Day, July 4. www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/07/04/the-problem-with-ruga-settlement/.Google Scholar
Al-Hindawi, Fareed and Ali, Abid. 2018. “A Pragmatic Study of CNN and BBC News Headlines Covering the Syrian Conflict.” Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9(3): 43–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amnesty International. 2018. “Harvest of Death: Three Years of Bloody Clashes between Farmers and Herders in Nigeria.” Abuja: Amnesty International. www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/9503/2018/en/.Google Scholar
Anthony, Laurence. 2019. AntConc [computer software]. www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antconc/.Google Scholar
Atoyebi, Olufemi, Ogundele, Kamarudee, Samuel, Awoyinfa and Makinde, Femi. 2016. “Fulani Herdsmen-Farmers Amass Arms, Combat Killings.” https://punchng.com/fulani-herdsmen-farmers-amass-arms-combat-killings/.Google Scholar
Baca, Michael. 2015. “Farmer–Herder Clashes Amplify Challenge for Beleaguered Nigerian Security.” IPI Global Observatory. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2015/07/farmer-herder-nigeria-buhari-abuja-fulani/.Google Scholar
Bagu, Chom and Smith, Katie. 2017. “Criminality & Reprisal Attacks in Nigeria’s Middle Belt.” Search for Common Grounds. www.sfcg.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Criminality-Reprisal-Attack_FINAL.pdf.Google Scholar
Betz, Michelle. 2017. “How Media Can Be an Instrument of Peace in Conflict-Prone Settings.” Roundtable Background Paper for the UNDP Oslo Governance Centre. https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/Resource-Library2/Policy-and-Research-Papers/How-Media-can-be-an-Instrument-of-Peace-in-Conflict-prone-Settings.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Rose. 2015. “Global Terrorism Index: Nigerian Fulani Militants Named as Fourth Deadliest Terror Group in the World.” The Independent (UK), November 18. www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/global-terrorism-index-nigerian-fulani-militants-named-fourth-deadliest-terror-group-world-a6739851.html.Google Scholar
Chiluwa, Innocent. 2007. “News Headlines as Pragmatic Strategy in Nigerian Press Discourse.” International Journal of Language, Society and Culture 27: 6371.Google Scholar
Chukwuemeka, Emma, Aduma, Aloysius and Eneh, Maximus. 2018. “The Logic of Open Grazing in Nigeria: Interrogating the Effect on Sustainable Development.” Family Business Management 2(1): 117.Google Scholar
Conboy, Martin. 2007. The Language of the News. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Galtung, Johan. 2000. “The Task of Peace Journalism.” Ethical Perspectives 7(2–3): 162167.Google Scholar
Galtung, Johan and Fischer, Dietrich 2013. “High Road, Low Road: Charting the Course for Peace Journalism.” In Galtung, Johan, SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice, vol 5. Berlin: Springer, 95102.Google Scholar
Godwin, Ameh. 2018. “Fulani Herdsmen: CAN Breaks Silence on Killings in Nigeria, Blasts Buhari.” Daily Post, January 16. https://dailypost.ng/2018/01/16/fulani-herdsmen-can-breaks-silence-killings-nigeria-blasts-buhari/.Google Scholar
Idowu, Adetayo and Okunola, Taofik. 2017. “Pastoralism as a New Phase of Terrorism in Nigeria.” Global Journal of Human Social Science 17(4): 37.Google Scholar
Maeseele, Pieter. 2015. “Risk Conflicts, Critical Discourse Analysis and Media Discourses on GM Crops and Food.” Journalism 16(2): 278297.Google Scholar
Monsefi, Roya and Mahadi, Tengku. 2017. “The Rhetoric of Persian News Headlines: A Case Study of Euro News.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature 6(2): 3645.Google Scholar
Mudashir, Ismail, Ogbonna, Nabob and Aliyu, Abdullateef. 2019. “Nigeria: Why Government Is Establishing Ruga Settlements – Presidency.” Daily Trust, July 1. https://allafrica.com/stories/201907010050.html.Google Scholar
Nijenhuis, Judith. 2014. “Peace and War Frames in the Media Representations of the Libyan Civil War.” Nijmegen: Radboud University. https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/2783/Nijenhuis%2C_Judith_1.pdf?sequence=1.Google Scholar
Nnoko-Mewanu, Juliana. 2018. “Farmer-Herder Conflicts on the Rise in Africa.” IPS. www.ipsnews.net/2018/08/farmer-herder-conflicts-rise-africa/.Google Scholar
Odunsi, Wale. 2016. “Herdsmen Killing Nigerians Are from Libya – Buhari.” Daily Post, May 14. https://dailypost.ng/2016/05/14/herdsmen-killing-nigerians-are-from-libya-buhari/.Google Scholar
Onyema, Mac-Anthony, Gideon, Idoreyin and Ekwugha, Ugochi. 2018. “The Onslaught of Farmer-Herdsmen Crises in Nigeria: Perspectives from Sociological Viewpoint.” Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies 2(9): 2835.Google Scholar
Piotrkowicz, Alicja. 2017. Modelling Social Media Popularity of News Articles Using Headline Texts. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Computing, The University of Leeds, UK. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20430/.Google Scholar
Puddephatt, Andrew. 2006. “Voice of War: Conflict and the Role of the Media.” International Media Support. www.mediasupport.org/publication/voices-of-war-conflict-and-the-role-of-the-media/.Google Scholar
Rahman, Bushra and Eijaz, Abida. 2014. “Pakistani Media as an Agent of Conflict or Conflict Resolution: A Case of Lal Masjid in Urdu and English Dailies.” Pakistan Vision 15(2): 238264.Google Scholar
Reisigl, Martin and Wodak, Ruth. 2009. “The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA).” In Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, ed. by Wodak, Ruth and Meyer, Michael (2nd ed.). London: Sage, 87121.Google Scholar
Richardson, John. 2007. Analysing Newspapers: An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rustam, Rabiah. 2013. Pragmatic Analysis of CNN Headlines Representing Pakistan. Ph.D. thesis, Higher Education Commission, Islamabad. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/2732.Google Scholar
Stolicker, Beth. 2018. “Could the Fulani Herdsmen and Boko Haram Be Related?” Mission News Network, August 10. www.mnnonline.org/news/could-the-fulani-herdsmen-and-boko-haram-be-related/.Google Scholar
Teun, Van Dijk. 1991. “The Interdisciplinary Study of News as Discourse.” In A Handbook of Qualitative Methodologies in Mass Communication Research, ed. by Bruhn-Jensen, Klaus and Nicholas, Jankowksi. London: Routledge, 108120.Google Scholar
Wenden, Anita. 2005. “The Politics of Representation: A Critical Discourse Analysis of an Aljazeera Special Report.” International Journal of Peace Studies 10(2): 89110.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×