Aberbach, J. D. (1990) Keeping a Watchful Eye: The Politics of Congressional Oversight, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Adamski, D. (2015) ‘Economic Constitution of the Euro Area after the Gauweiler Preliminary Ruling’, Common Market Law Review 52(6): 1451–1490.Google Scholar

Alcidi, C. and Gros, D. (2017) ‘How to Strengthen the European Semester’, Brussels: Center for European Policy Studies, available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a068/fdeef4e84b806d4b7f3f1f11d070f9fe0fa0.pdf.Google Scholar

Alesina, A. and Summers, L. H. (1993) ‘Central Bank Independence and Macroeconomic Performance: Some Comparative Evidence’, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 25(2): 151–162.Google Scholar

Alexander, K. (2015) ‘European Banking Union: A Legal and Institutional Analysis of the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the Single Resolution Mechanism’, European Law Review 40(2): 154–187.Google Scholar

Alexander, K. (2016) ‘The European Central Bank and Banking Supervision: The Regulatory Limits of the Single Supervisory Mechanism’, European Company & Financial Law Review 13(3): 467–494.Google Scholar

Amtenbrink, F. and Markakis, M. (2019) ‘Towards a Meaningful Prudential Supervision Dialogue in the Euro Area? A Study of the Interaction between the European Parliament and the European Central Bank in the Single Supervisory Mechanism’, European Law Review 44(1): 3–23.Google Scholar

Amtenbrink, F. and van Duin, K. (2009) ‘The European Central Bank before the European Parliament: Theory and Practice after Ten Years of Monetary Dialogue’, European Law Review 34(4): 561–583.Google Scholar

Angeloni, I. (2015) Transparency and Banking Supervision, Remarks by Ignazio Angeloni, Member of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank at the ICMA Capital Market Lecture Series, Frankfurt am Main, 27 January 2015, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/speeches/date/2015/html/se150127.en.html (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

Angerer, J., Dias Costa Esteves, P. N., Hagelstam, K. and Zoppe, A. (2019) ‘The European Semester for Economic Policy Coordination: A Reflection Paper’, European Parliament Think Tank, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/624440/IPOL_STU(2019)624440_EN.pdf (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

Auel, K. (2007) ‘Democratic Accountability and National Parliaments: Redefining the Impact of Parliamentary Scrutiny in EU Affairs’, European Law Journal 13(4): 487–504.Google Scholar

Auel, K. and Höing, O. (2014) ‘Parliaments in the Euro Crisis: Can the Losers of Integration Still Fight Back?’, Journal of Common Market Studies 52(6): 1184–1193.Google Scholar

Auel, K. and Höing, O. (2015) ‘National Parliaments and the Eurozone Crisis: Taking Ownership in Difficult Times?’, West European Politics 38(2): 375–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bache, I., Bulmer, S., George, S. and Parker, O. (2015) Politics in the European Union, 4th ed., New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bagehot, W. (1873) The English Constitution, 2nd ed., London: H. S. King.Google Scholar

Bailer, S. (2014) ‘Interviews and Surveys in Legislative Research’, in Martin, S., Saalfeld, T., and Strøm, K. (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 167–193.Google Scholar

Baldwin, R. et al. (2015) ‘Rebooting the Eurozone: Step 1 – Agreeing a Crisis Narrative’, CEPR Policy Insight No. 85, available at https://cepr.org/sites/default/files/policy_insights/PolicyInsight85.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Barrett, G. (2018) ‘European Economic Governance: Deficient in Democratic Legitimacy?’, Journal of European Integration 40(3): 249–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bauer, M. W. and Becker, S. (2014) ‘The Unexpected Winner of the Crisis: The European Commission’s Strengthened Role in Economic Governance’, Journal of European Integration 36(3): 213–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beetham, D. (1991) The Legitimation of Power, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Behn, R. D. (2001) Rethinking Democratic Accountability, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Belke, A. (2017) ‘Central Bank Communication: Managing Expectations through the Monetary Dialogue’, ROME Working Papers 04/2017, available at https://ideas.repec.org/p/rmn/wpaper/201704.html (accessed January 2019).Google Scholar

Bergman, T. (1997) ‘National Parliaments and EU Affairs Committees: Notes on Empirical Variation and Competing Explanations’, Journal of European Public Policy 4(3): 373–387.Google Scholar

Bickerton, C. (2015) ‘The Real Sins of Varoufakis: Why Greece is Being Punished for Refusing to Play by the Eurogroup’s Rules’, Euro Crisis in the Press, available at https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/eurocrisispress/2015/07/13/the-real-sins-of-varoufakis-why-greece-is-being-punished-for-refusing-to-play-by-the-eurogroups-rules/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Bickerton, C., Hodson, D. and Puetter, U. (2015) ‘The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post-Maastricht Era’, Journal of Common Market Studies 53(4): 703–722.Google Scholar

Blondel, J., Sinnott, R. and Svensson, P. (1998) People and Parliament in the European Union: Participation, Democracy, and Legitimacy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bokhorst, D. J. (2019) Governing Imbalances in the Economic and Monetary Union: A Political Economy Analysis of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure, Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, available at https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=85d7b956-00d5-47ac-95d2-284115ca9bbf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Borger, V. (2013) ‘How the Debt Crisis Exposes the Development of Solidarity in the Euro Area’, European Constitutional Law Review 9(1): 7–36.Google Scholar

Boswell, C. (2008) ‘The Political Functions of Expert Knowledge: Knowledge and Legitimation in European Union Immigration Policy’, Journal of European Public Policy 15(4): 471–488.Google Scholar

Bovens, M. (2007a) ‘Analysing and Assessing Accountability: A Conceptual Framework’, European Law Journal 13(4): 447–468.Google Scholar

Bovens, M. (2007b) ‘New Forms of Accountability and EU-Governance’, Comparative European Politics 5(1): 104–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bovens, M. (2010) ‘Two Concepts of Accountability: Accountability as a Virtue and as a Mechanism’, West European Politics 33(5): 946–967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bovens, M., Curtin, D. and ’t Hart, P. (2010a) ‘Studying the Real World of EU Accountability: Framework and Design’, in Bovens, M., Curtin, D. and ’t Hart, P. (eds). The Real World of EU Accountability: What Deficit?. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 31–62.Google Scholar

Bovens, M., Curtin, D. and ’t Hart, P. (eds) (2010b) The Real World of EU Accountability: What Deficit?, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bovens, M. and Schillemans, T. (2014) ‘Meaningful Accountability’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E. and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 673–682.Google Scholar

Bovens, M., Schillemans, T. and Goodin, R. E. (2014) ‘Public Accountability’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E. and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–22.Google Scholar

Brack, N. (2017) Opposing Europe in the European Parliament: Rebels and Radicals in the Chamber, London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Brack, N. and Costa, O. (2018) ‘Introduction: The European Parliament at a Crossroads’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 24(1): 1–10.Google Scholar

Brandsma, G. J. (2013) Controlling Comitology: Accountability in a Multi-Level System, Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Brandsma, G. J. (2014) ‘Quantitative Analysis’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 143–158.Google Scholar

Brandsma, G. J. (2016) ‘Holding the European Commission to Account: The Promise of Delegated Acts’, International Review of Administrative Sciences 82(4): 656–673.Google Scholar

Brandsma, G. J., Heidbreder, E. and Mastenbroek, E. (2016) ‘Accountability in the Post-Lisbon European Union’, International Review of Administrative Sciences 82(4): 621–637.Google Scholar

Brandsma, G. J. and Schillemans, T. (2013) ‘The Accountability Cube: Measuring Accountability’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 23(4): 953–975.Google Scholar

Braun, B. (2017) Two Sides of the Same Coin? Independence and Accountability at the ECB, Berlin: Transparency International EU, available at https://transparency.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/TI-EU_ECB_Report_DIGITAL.pdf (accessed January 2018).Google Scholar

Braun, B. and Hübner, M. (2019) Vanishing Act: The Eurogroup’s Accountability, Brussels: Transparency International EU, available at http://transparency.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/TI-EU-Eurogroup-report.pdf (accessed February 2019).Google Scholar

Braun, D. and Guston, D. H. (2003) ‘Principal–Agent Theory and Research Policy: An Introduction’, Science and Public Policy 30(5): 302–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bressanelli, E. and Chelotti, N. (2016) ‘The Shadow of the European Council. Understanding Legislation on Economic Governance’, Journal of European Integration 38(5): 511–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bressanelli, E. and Chelotti, N. (2018) ‘The European Parliament and Economic Governance: Explaining a Case of Limited Influence’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 24(1): 72–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buiter, W. H. (2014) ‘Central Banks: Powerful, Political and Unaccountable?’, Journal of the British Academy 2: 269–303.Google Scholar

Buiter, W. and Rahbari, E. (2012) ‘The European Central Bank as Lender of Last Resort for Sovereigns in the Eurozone’, Journal of Common Market Studies 50(s2): 6–35.Google Scholar

Bull, P. (1994) ‘On Identifying Questions, Replies, and Non-Replies in Political Interviews’, Journal of Language and Social Psychology 13(2): 115–131.Google Scholar

Bull, P. and Mayer, K. (1993) ‘How Not to Answer Questions in Political Interviews’, Political Psychology 14(4): 651–666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bull, P. and Strawson, W. (2020) ‘Can’t Answer? Won’t Answer? An Analysis of Equivocal Responses by Theresa May in Prime Minister’s Questions’, Parliamentary Affairs 73(2): 429–449.Google Scholar

Bürgin, A. (2018) ‘Intra- and Inter-Institutional Leadership of the European Commission President: An Assessment of Juncker’s Organizational Reforms’, Journal of Common Market Studies 56(4): 837–853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burns, C. (2019) ‘The European Parliament’, in Cini, M. and Borragán, N. P.-S. (eds). European Union Politics. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 176–188.Google Scholar

Busuioc, M. (2009) ‘Accountability, Control and Independence: The Case of European Agencies’, European Law Journal 15(5): 599–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Busuioc, M. (2013) European Agencies: Law and Practices of Accountability, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Busuioc, M. and Lodge, M. (2016) ‘The Reputational Basis of Public Accountability’, Governance 29(2): 247–263.Google Scholar

Buti, M., Eijffinger, S. C. and Franco, D. (2003) ‘Revisiting the Stability and Growth Pact: grand design or internal adjustment?’, CEPR Discussion Paper (No. 3692).Google Scholar

Carman, J. G. (2009) ‘Nonprofits, Funders, and Evaluation: Accountability in Action’, The American Review of Public Administration 39(4): 374–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chalmers, D. (2012) ‘The European Redistributive State and a European Law of Struggle’, European Law Journal 18(5): 667–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cheibub, J. A., Elkins, Z. and Ginsburg, T. (2014) ‘Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism’, British Journal of Political Science 44(3): 515–544.Google Scholar

Chester, D. N. and Bowring, N. (1962) Questions in Parliament, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Christiansen, T. (2016) ‘After the Spitzenkandidaten: Fundamental Change in the EU’s Political System?’, West European Politics 39(5): 992–1010.Google Scholar

Claeys, G. and Domínguez-Jiménez, M. (2020) How Can the European Parliament Better Oversee the European Central Bank?, Luxembourg: European Parliament, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, In-depth analysis PE 652.747.Google Scholar

Claeys, G., Hallerberg, M. and Tschekassin, O. (2014) ‘European Central Bank Accountability: How the Monetary Dialogue could be Improved’, Bruegel Policy Contribution 2014/04, available at http://bruegel.org/2014/03/european-central-bank-accountability-how-the-monetary-dialogue-could-be-improved/ (accessed October 2017).Google Scholar

Cœuré, B. (2017) Independence and Accountability in a Changing World, 8 March 2017, Introductory remarks by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Transparency International EU Event ‘Two sides of the same coin? Independence and accountability of the European Central Bank’, available at www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2017/html/sp170328_1.en.html (accessed June 2018).Google Scholar

Cole, M. (1999) ‘Accountability and Quasi‐Government: The Role of Parliamentary Questions’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 5(1): 77–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collignon, S. (2004) ‘The End of the Stability and Growth Pact?’, International Economics and Economic Policy 1(1): 15–19.Google Scholar

Collignon, S. and Diessner, S. (2016) ‘The ECB’s Monetary Dialogue with the European Parliament: Efficiency and Accountability during the Euro Crisis?’, Journal of Common Market Studies 54(6): 1296–1312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Committee for the Study of Economic and Monetary Union (1989) Report on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Community, 12 April 1989, available at www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/access_to_documents/archives/delors/documents/shared/data/ecb.dr.delors890412_DraftFullReport.en.pdf?0c860717a9f0bf0e423e67cf7efa7fe4 (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Committee on Budgetary Control (2020) Practical Information | Discharge procedure, 2020, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/cont/discharge-procedure/practical-information (accessed January 2021).Google Scholar

Cooper, I. (2016) ‘The Politicization of Interparliamentary Relations in the EU: Constructing and Contesting the “Article 13 Conference” on Economic Governance’, Comparative European Politics 14(2): 196–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copeland, P. and Daly, M. (2018) ‘The European Semester and EU Social Policy’, Journal of Common Market Studies 56(5): 1001–1018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copelovitch, M., Frieden, J. and Walter, S. (2016) ‘The Political Economy of the Euro Crisis’, Comparative Political Studies 49(7): 811–840.Google Scholar

Corbett, R. (1998) The European Parliament’s Role in Closer EU Integration, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Corbett, R., Jacobs, F. and Shackleton, M. (2003) ‘The European Parliament at Fifty: A View from the Inside’, Journal of Common Market Studies 41(2): 353–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cornelissen, M. (2012) Written Question – Civil Society and Social Partner Participation in the European Semester – E-002121/2012, 22 February 2012, European Parliament, available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2012-002121_EN.pdf (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

Costamagna, F. (2013) ‘The European Semester in Action: Strengthening Economic Policy Coordination While Weakening the Social Dimension?’, LPF Working Paper No. 5, 1–25, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2367768 (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Costello, D. (2001) ‘The SGP: How Did We Get There?’, in Brunila, A., Buti, M., and Franco, D. (eds). The Stability and Growth Pact: The Architecture of Fiscal Policy in EMU. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 106–136.Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2003) ECOFIN Council Conclusions of 25 November 2003, 2003, available at https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/PRES_03_320 (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2016) Excessive Deficit Procedure: Council finds that Portugal and Spain have not taken Effective Action, 12 July 2016, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/12/portugal-spain-excessive-deficit/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2018a) Amendments to the Banking Union Rules – Consilium, May 2018, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/banking-union/2016-amendments/ (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2018b) Banking Union – Consilium, 24 September 2018, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/banking-union/ (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2019) Euro Summit, 2019, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/euro-summit/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2020a) Economic and Financial Affairs Council Configuration (Ecofin), 3 September 2020, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/configurations/ecofin/ (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2020b) Eurogroup, 2020, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/eurogroup/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (2020c) Eurogroup Meeting, 11 September 2020, 2020, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/eurogroup/2020/09/11/ (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Council of the European Union (n.d.) Eurogroup – Consilium, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/eurogroup/ (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

Court of Justice of the European Union (2020) The Court of Justice upholds the judgments of the General Court in so far as it dismissed the actions for damages brought by a number of individuals and companies on account of acts and conduct adopted by the EU institutions in connection with financial assistance granted to Cyprus that was conditional upon the restructuring of its banking sector, 16 December 2020, Press Release No 160/2, available at https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2020-12/cp200160en.pdf (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

Craig, P. (2017) ‘The Eurogroup, Power and Accountability’, European Law Journal 23(3–4): 234–249.Google Scholar

Crum, B. (2018) ‘Parliamentary Accountability in Multilevel Governance: What Role for Parliaments in Post-crisis EU Economic Governance?’, Journal of European Public Policy 25(2): 268–286.Google Scholar

Crum, B. and Curtin, D. (2015) ‘The Challenge of Making European Union Executive Power Accountable’, in Piattoni, S. (ed.). The European Union: Democratic Principles and Institutional Architectures in Times of Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 63–87.Google Scholar

Crum, B. and Merlo, S. (2020) ‘Democratic Legitimacy in the Post-crisis EMU’, Journal of European Integration 42(3): 399–413.Google Scholar

Csehi, R. and Puetter, U. (2021) ‘Who Determined What Governments Really Wanted? Preference Formation and the Euro Crisis’, West European Politics 44(3): 463–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cukierman, A., Webb, S. B. and Neyapti, B. (1992) ‘Measuring the Independence of Central Banks and Its Effect on Policy Outcomes’, The World Bank Economic Review 6(3): 353–398.Google Scholar

Curtin, D. (2009) Executive Power of the European Union: Law, Practices, and the Living Constitution, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Curtin, D. (2014) ‘Overseeing Secrets in the EU: A Democratic Perspective’, Journal of Common Market Studies 52(3): 684–700.Google Scholar

Curtin, D. (2017) ‘“Accountable Independence” of the European Central Bank: Seeing the Logics of Transparency’, European Law Journal 23(1–2): 28–44.Google Scholar

Curtin, D. and Egeberg, M. (2008) ‘Tradition and Innovation: Europe’s Accumulated Executive Order’, West European Politics 31(4): 639–661.Google Scholar

Cygan, A. (2017) ‘Legal Implications of Economic Governance for National Parliaments’, Parliamentary Affairs 70(4): 710–727.Google Scholar

Darvas, Z. and Leandro, Á. (2015) ‘The Limitations of Policy Coordination in the Euro Area under the European Semester’, Bruegel Policy Contribution 2015/19, available at http://bruegel.org/2015/11/the-limitations-of-policy-coordination-in-the-euro-area-under-the-european-semester/ (accessed November 2016).Google Scholar

Dawson, M. (2015) ‘The Legal and Political Accountability Structure of “Post-Crisis” EU Economic Governance’, Journal of Common Market Studies 53(5): 976–993.Google Scholar

Dawson, M. (2016) ‘Better Regulation and the Future of EU Regulatory Law and Politics’, Common Market Law Review 53(5): 1209–1235.Google Scholar

Dawson, M. (2018) ‘New Governance and the Displacement of Social Europe: The Case of the European Semester’, European Constitutional Law Review 14(1): 191–209.Google Scholar

Dawson, M. (2019) ‘How Can EU Law Contain Economic Discretion?’, in Mendes, J. (ed.). EU Executive Discretion and the Limits of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 64–84.Google Scholar

Dawson, M. and Bobić, A. (2019) ‘Quantitative Easing at the Court of Justice – Doing Whatever it Takes to Save the Euro: Weiss and Others’, Common Market Law Review 56(4): 1005–1040.Google Scholar

Dawson, M. and Maricut-Akbik, A. (2020) ‘Procedural vs Substantive Accountability in EMU Governance: Between Payoffs and Trade-offs’, Journal of European Public Policy, DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2020.1797145.Google Scholar

Dawson, M., Maricut-Akbik, A. and Bobić, A. (2019) ‘Reconciling Independence and Accountability at the European Central Bank: The False Promise of Proceduralism’, European Law Journal 25(1): 75–93.Google Scholar

Day, P. and Klein, R. (1987) Accountabilities: Five Public Services, London: Tavistock.Google Scholar

de Grauwe, P. (2011) ‘The Governance of a Fragile Eurozone’, CEPS Working Document No. 364, available at www.ceps.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/WD%20346%20De%20Grauwe%20on%20Eurozone%20Governance.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

De Haan, J. (1997) ‘The European Central Bank: Independence, Accountability and Strategy: A Review’, Public Choice 93(3/4): 395–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Haan, J., Amtenbrink, F. and Eijffinger, S. C. W. (1999) ‘Accountability of Central Banks: Aspects and Quantifications’, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review 52(209): 169–193.Google Scholar

de la Parra, S. (2017) ‘The Economic Dialogue: An Effective Accountability Mechanism?’, in Daniele, L., Simone, P., and Cisotta, R. (eds). Democracy in the EMU in the Aftermath of the Crisis. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 101–120.Google Scholar

De Vries, C. E. (2018) Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

De Wilde, P., Koopmans, R. and Zürn, M. (2014) ‘The Political Sociology of Cosmopolitanism and Communitarianism: Representative Claims Analysis’, WZB Discussion Paper (SP IV 2014–102).Google Scholar

Dehousse, R. (2008) ‘Delegation of Powers in the European Union: The Need for a Multi-principals Model’, West European Politics 31(4): 789–805.Google Scholar

Dehousse, R. (2016) ‘Why Has EU Macroeconomic Governance Become More Supranational?’, Journal of European Integration 38(5): 617–631.Google Scholar

D’Erman, V., Haas, J., Schulz, D. F. and Verdun, A. (2019) ‘Measuring Economic Reform Recommendations under the European Semester: “One Size Fits All” or Tailoring to Member States?’, Journal of Contemporary European Research 15(2): 194–211.Google Scholar

Deroose, S., Hodson, D. and Kuhlmann, J. (2008) ‘The Broad Economic Policy Guidelines: Before and After the Re-launch of the Lisbon Strategy’, Journal of Common Market Studies 46(4): 827–848.Google Scholar

Dijsselbloem, J. (2014) Letter to Ms Bowles, Chairwoman of the Committee of Economic and Monetary Affairs, January 2014, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/59958/att_20140114ATT77339-6443094514033203696.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Dombrovskis, V. (2015) Answer to Question No E-013654/15, 7 December 2015, European Parliament, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2015-013654-ASW_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Dombrovskis, V. (2018) Answer to Question No E-002159/18, 16 July 2018, European Parliament, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2018-002159-ASW_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Dowdle, M. W. (ed.) (2006) Public Accountability: Designs, Dilemmas and Experiences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Dubnick, M. J. (2002) ‘Seeking Salvation for Accountability’, Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 29-September 1, 2002, Boston, available at http://mjdubnick.dubnick.net/papersrw/2002/salv2002.pdf (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Dubnick, M. J. (2011) ‘Move Over Daniel: We Heed Some “Accountability Space”’, Administration & Society 43(6): 704–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dubnick, M. J. (2014) ‘Accountability as a Cultural Keyword’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 23–38.Google Scholar

Dubnick, M. J. and Frederickson, H. G. (2011) Public Accountability: Performance Measurement, the Extended State, and the Search for Trust, Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration and The Kettering Foundation.Google Scholar

Dyson, K. and Featherstone, K. (1999) The Road to Maastricht: Negotiating Economic and Monetary Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dyson, K., Featherstone, K. and Michalopoulos, G. (1995) ‘Strapped to the Mast: EC Central Bankers between Global Financial Markets and Regional Integration1’, Journal of European Public Policy 2(3): 465–487.Google Scholar

Dyson, K. H. F. (2000) The Politics of the Euro-zone: Stability Or Breakdown?, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Efstathiou, K. and Wolff, G. B. (2018) ‘Is the European Semester Effective and Useful?’, Bruegel Policy Contribution 2018/09, available at www.bruegel.org/2018/06/is-the-european-semester-effective-and-useful/ (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

Egeberg, M. (2006) ‘Europe’s Executive Branch of Government in the Melting Pot: an Overview’, in Egeberg, M. (ed.). Multilevel Union Administration: The Transformation of Executive Politics in Europe. Basingstoke and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Egeberg, M. (2009) ‘The European Commission’, in Cini, M. and Perez-Solorzano Borragan, N. (eds). European Union Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 125–140.Google Scholar

Eijffinger, S. C. W. and Mujagic, E. (2004) ‘An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Monetary Dialogue on the ECB’s Accountability and Transparency: A Qualitative Approach’, Intereconomics 39(4): 190–203.Google Scholar

Elgie, R. (1998) ‘Democratic Accountability and Central Bank Independence: Historical and Contemporary, National and European Perspectives’, West European Politics 21(3): 53–76.Google Scholar

Elgie, R. (2002) ‘The Politics of the European Central Bank: Principal–Agent Theory and the Democratic Deficit’, Journal of European Public Policy 9(2): 186–200.Google Scholar

Enderlein, H. and Verdun, A. (2009) ‘EMU’s Teenage Challenge: What Have We Learned and Can We Predict from Political Science?’, Journal of European Public Policy 16(4): 490–507.Google Scholar

Estella, A. (2018) Legal Foundations of EU Economic Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

EurActiv (2016) ‘Dijsselbloem Berates Juncker for Failing to Apply EU Pacts’, www.euractiv.com, available at https://www.euractiv.com/section/eurofinance/news/dijsselbloem-raps-juncker-for-failing-to-apply-eu-pacts/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Euro Area Summit (2012 ) Euro Area Summit Statement 29 June 2012, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21400/20120629-euro-area-summit-statement-en.pdf (accessed July 2018).Google Scholar

Euro Summit (2010) Statement by the Heads of State and Government of the Euro Area, 25 March 2010, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21429/20100325-statement-of-the-heads-of-state-or-government-of-the-euro-area-en.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Eurogroup (2008) Working Methods of the Eurogroup, 3 October 2008, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21457/08-10-03-eurogroup-working-methods.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Eurogroup (2013) Work Programme for the Eurogroup for the First Half of 2014, 9 December 2013, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21473/eurogroup-wp-i-2014.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Eurogroup (2014) Work Programme for the Eurogroup for the First Half of 2015, 8 December 2014, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21471/eurogroup-wp-i-2015.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Eurogroup (2018) Work Programme for the Eurogroup for the Second Half of 2018, 22 June 2018, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/media/35748/20180622-eg-work-programme.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2002) The Accountability of the ECB, ECB Monthly Bulletin, available at www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/pp45_57_mb200211en.pdf?26663bc0462f8f171df27a3fa3a78e32 (accessed January 2018).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2013) Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament and the European Central Bank on the Practical Modalities of the Exercise of Democratic Accountability and Oversight over the Exercise of the Tasks Conferred on the ECB within the Framework of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (2013/694/EU), available at www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/legal/pdf/celex_32013q113001_en_txt.pdf (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2017) Press Release: ECB reinforces its NPL Guidance for Banks, 4 October 2017, European Central Bank – Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2017/html/ssm.pr171004.en.html (accessed August 2018).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2018) Comparison of Pre- and Post-consultation versions of the Addendum, March 2018, ECB Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/legalframework/publiccons/pdf/npl2/ssm.npl_addendum_compare.en.pdf (accessed August 2018).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2019) Single Supervisory Mechanism, 2019, European Central Bank – Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/about/thessm/html/index.en.html (accessed June 2018).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2020a) Single Supervisory Mechanism, 28 December 2020, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/about/thessm/html/index.en.html (accessed February 2021).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2020b) Stages of Economic and Monetary Union, 2020, available at www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/history/emu/html/index.en.html (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2021a) Accountability of ECB Banking Supervision, 2021, European Central Bank – Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/organisation/accountability/html/index.en.html (accessed April 2021).Google Scholar

European Central Bank (2021b) All ECB Opinions, 2021, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/browse/institutions/bank.html (accessed April 2021).Google Scholar

European Commission (2004) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament – Strengthening Economic Governance and Clarifying the Implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact, 2004, COM(2004) 581, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2004:0581:FIN:EN:PDF (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Commission (2015a) Communication ‘Towards the Completion of the Banking Union’, 2015, COM(2015) 587 final, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0587&from=en (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Commission (2015b) Recommendation for a COUNCIL Recommendation with a View to Bringing an End to the Excessive Government Deficit in France /* COM/2015/0115 final, 2015, available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015PC0115 (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Commission (2017) Commission Staff Working Document accompanying the document Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Single Supervisory Mechanism established pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 {COM(2017) 591 final}, available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/171011-ssm-review-report-staff-working-document_en.pdf (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

European Commission (2019) Social Priorities under the Juncker Commission, November 2019, available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/social_priorities_juncker_commission_en.pdf (accessed May 2020).Google Scholar

European Commission (2020a) European Semester 2021 – An Exceptional Cycle, 2020, available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/eu-economic-governance-monitoring-prevention-correction/european-semester/european-semester-timeline/european-semester-2021-exceptional-cycle_en (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

European Commission (2020b) The EU’s Economic Governance Explained, 2020, available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/eu-economic-governance-monitoring-prevention-correction/european-semester/framework/eus-economic-governance-explained_en (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

European Commission (2021) Recovery and Resilience Facility, 2021, available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/recovery-coronavirus/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

European Council (1988) Conclusions of the Hanover European Council: Excerpt on Monetary Union (27 and 28 June 1988), 1988, available at www.cvce.eu/en/obj/conclusions_of_the_hanover_european_council_excerpt_on_monetary_union_27_and_28_june_1988-en-70660e36-5c11-424e-a6f8-9e9e4d0f9fa7.html (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Council (2010) Strengthening Economic Governance in the EU. Report of the Task Force of the European Council, available at www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2010/10/pdf/strengthening-economic-governance-in-the-eu-report-of-the-task-force-to-the-european-council/ (accessed February 2016).Google Scholar

European Court of Auditors (2018) Audit of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP), 2018, Special Report 03/2018, available at www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR18_03/SR_MIP_EN.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2010a) Debates – Conclusions of the European Council Meeting (17 June), 23 June 2010, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-7-2010-06-23-ITM-009_EN.html (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2010b) Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, 7th Parliamentary Term, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+RULES-EP+20100705+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2012a) Economic Dialogue with Margrethe Vestager, Danish Minister for Economic Affairs and the Interior and President of the ECOFIN Council, 23 January 2012, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20120123-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2012b) Economic Dialogue with Vassos Shiarly, Cypriot Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 10 July 2012, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20120710-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2012c) Economic Dialogue with Vice-President Olli Rehn and Commissioner Laszlo Andor, 28 November 2012, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20121128-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2013a) ECON Committee Meeting Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with Members of the Troika on Financial Assistance to Cyprus, 8 May 2013, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/fr/econ-committee-meeting-economic-dialogue-and-exchange-of-views-with-members-of-troika-on-financial-a_6345a_c (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2013b) Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with the Commission on the Draft Country-Specific Recommendations. Vice-President Rehn and Commissioner Andor, 17 June 2013, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20130617-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2013c) Economic Dialogue with Michael Noonan, Irish Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 22 January 2013, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20130122-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2013d) Economic Dialogue with the Eurogroup President, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, 7 May 2013, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20130507-1430-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2014a) Debates – Conclusions of the European Council Meeting (26–27 June), 2 July 2014, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-8-2014-07-02-ITM-005_EN.html (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2014b) Debates – Role and Operations of the Troika with Regard to the Euro Area Programme Countries – Employment and Social aspects of the Role and Operations of the Troika, 12 March 2014, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-7-2014-03-12-ITM-012_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2014c) Economic Dialogue with the Eurogroup President, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, 20 February 2014, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20140220-0900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2014d) Economic Dialogue with Yiannis Stournaras, Greek Minister of Finance and Presdient of the ECOFIN Council, 22 January 2014, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20140122-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2014e) Parliamentary Questions, 2014, EP – At a Glance, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/EPRS/Parliamentary-questions-EN.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2014f) Resolution on the Role and Operations of the Troika with Regard to the Euro Area Programme Countries (2013/2277(INI)), 13 March 2014, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-7-2014-0239_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2015a) Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis and Commissioner Pierre Moscovici, 14 April 2015, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20150414-0900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2015b) Economic Dialogue with the Eurogroup President, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, 24 February 2015, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20150224-0900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2015c) Economic Dialogue with the Eurogroup President, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, 10 November 2015, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20151110-1720-COMMITTEE-ECON22_vd?EPV_REPLAY=true&EPV_PHOTO=true&EPV_AUDIO=true&EPV_EDITED_VIDEOS=false (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2015d) Meeting of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, 14 April 2015, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20150414-0900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016a) Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis and Commissioner Marianne Thyssen, 14 June 2016, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/joint-meeting_20160614-1630-COMMITTEE-ECON-EMPL_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016b) Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis and Commissioner Pierre Moscovici, 12 December 2016, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20161212-2115-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016c) Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis and Commissioner Pierre Moscovici, 11 April 2016, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20160411-1900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016d) Economic Dialogue with Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Dutch Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 14 June 2016, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20160614-0900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016e) Joint Meeting ECON and REGI Committees, 3 October 2016, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/joint-meeting_20161003-1800-COMMITTEE-REGI-ECON_vd (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016f) Nuno Melo Parliamentary Activities – Questions to the ECB, 2016, European Parliament – Public Register of Documents, available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96978/NUNO_MELO/other-activities/written-questions-other (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2016g) Resolution of 6 July 2016 on Tax Rulings and Other Measures Similar in Nature or Effect (2016/2038(INI)), 2016, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2016-0310_EN.html (accessed January 2021).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2017a) Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with Vice-President Valdis Dombrovskis and Commissioner Pierre Moscovici, 27 November 2017, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20171127-1645-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2017b) Economic Dialogue with Edward Scicluna, Maltese Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 19 June 2017, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20170619-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2017c) Economic Dialogue with the Eurogroup President, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, 21 March 2017, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20170321-1500-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2017d) Economic Dialogue with Toomas Tõniste, Estonian Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 11 July 2017, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20170711-1600-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2017e) Rules of Procedure 8th Parliamentary Term – January 2017, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+RULES-EP+20170116+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&language=EN (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2018a) Economic Dialogue with Hartwig Löger, Austrian Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 11 July 2018, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs-ordinary-meeting_20180711-1430-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2018b) Economic Dialogue with Vladislav Goranov, Bulgarian Minister of Finance and President of the ECOFIN Council, 24 January 2018, Multimedia Centre, available at https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/committee-on-economic-and-monetary-affairs_20180124-0900-COMMITTEE-ECON_vd (accessed August 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2019a) Briefing: Economic Dialogue with the Other EU Institutions under the European Semester Cycles (2014–2019), available at www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/528782/IPOL_BRI(2015)528782_EN.pdf (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2019b) The European Parliament: Powers | Fact Sheets on the European Union, November 2019, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/19/the-european-parliament-powers (accessed January 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2020a) Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament – 9th Parliamentary Term, February 2020, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/RULES-9-2020-02-03_EN.pdf (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament (2020b) Shades of Green on the European Parliamentary Week 2020, 2020, available at www.epgenpro.europarl.europa.eu/static/relnatparl/en/high-level-conferences/european-parliamentary-week.html (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Parliament Plenary (n.d.) All the Questions | Parliamentary Questions | Questions and Declarations, n.d., available at www.europarl.europa.eu/plenary/en/parliamentary-questions.html (accessed January 2021).Google Scholar

European Parliament Press Release (2021) Parliament Gives Go-ahead to €672.5 Billion Recovery and Resilience Facility, 10 February 2021, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20210204IPR97105/parliament-gives-go-ahead-to-EU672-5-billion-recovery-and-resilience-facility (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

European Stability Mechanism (2019) Safeguarding the Euro in Times of Crisis: The Inside Story of the ESM, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.Google Scholar

European Stability Mechanism (2020a) EFSF Governance, 2020, available at www.esm.europa.eu/efsf-governance (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Stability Mechanism (2020b) Lending Toolkit, 2020, available at www.esm.europa.eu/assistance/lending-toolkit#lending_toolkit (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

European Union (2016) European Commission, 16 June 2016, Europa.eu, available at https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/institutions-bodies/european-commission_en (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

European Union (2018) Which Countries Use the Euro, 10 August 2018, available at https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/euro/which-countries-use-euro_en (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

Fabbrini, S. (2013) ‘Intergovernmentalism and Its Limits Assessing the European Union’s Answer to the Euro Crisis’, Comparative Political Studies 46(9): 1003–1029.Google Scholar

Fabbrini, S. (2016) ‘From Consensus to Domination: The Intergovernmental Union in a Crisis Situation’, Journal of European Integration 38(5): 587–599.Google Scholar

Fasone, C. (2014a) ‘European Economic Governance and Parliamentary Representation. What Place for the European Parliament?’, European Law Journal 20(2): 164–185.Google Scholar

Fasone, C. (2014b) ‘Eurozone, Non-Eurozone and “Troubled Asymmetries” among National Parliaments in the EU. Why and To What Extent This Is of Concern’, Perspectives on Federalism 6(3): 1–41.Google Scholar

Fearon, J. D. (1999) ‘Electoral Accountability and the Control of Politicians: Selecting Good Types versus Sanctioning Poor Performance’, in Przeworski, A., Stokes, S. C., and Manin, B. (eds). Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–97.Google Scholar

Fish, M. S. and Kroenig, M. (2009) The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Five Presidents’ Report (2015) Completing Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union, 2015, available at https://wayback.archive-it.org/12090/20191231140925/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/5-presidents-report_en.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Flinders, M. (2011) ‘Daring to be a Daniel: The Pathology of Politicized Accountability in a Monitory Democracy’, Administration & Society 43(5): 595–619.Google Scholar

Føllesdal, A. and Hix, S. (2006) ‘Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik’, Journal of Common Market Studies 44(3): 533–562.Google Scholar

Fraccaroli, N., Giovannini, A. and Jamet, J.-F. (2018) ‘The Evolution of the ECB’s Accountability Practices during the Crisis’, ECB Economic Bulletin (Issue 5/2018): 47–71.Google Scholar

Franklin, M. N. and Norton, P. (eds) (1993) Parliamentary Questions, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Frears, J. (1990) ‘The French Parliament: Loyal Workhorse, Poor Watchdog’, West European Politics 13(3): 32–51.Google Scholar

Fromage, D. (2017) ‘Executive Accountability to National Parliaments in Post-crisis EU Affairs: The Persistent Shortcomings in the Council and European Council Oversight’, in Jancic, D. (ed.). National Parliaments after the Lisbon Treaty and the Euro Crisis: Resilience or Resignation?. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 159–176.Google Scholar

Fromage, D. (2018) ‘The European Parliament in the Post-Crisis Era: An Institution Empowered on Paper Only?’, Journal of European Integration 40(3): 281–294.Google Scholar

Fromage, D. and Ibrido, R. (2018) ‘The “Banking Dialogue” as a Model to Improve Parliamentary Involvement in the Monetary Dialogue?’, Journal of European Integration 40(3): 295–308.Google Scholar

Gailmard, S. (2014) ‘Accountability and Principal–Agent Theory’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gandrud, C. and Hallerberg, M. (2018) ‘Explaining Variation and Change in Supervisory Confidentiality in the European Union’, West European Politics 41(4): 1025–1048.Google Scholar

General Secretariat of the Council (2019a) ECOFIN Report to the European Council on Tax Issues, 9 December 2019, available at https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-14863-2019-INIT/en/pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

General Secretariat of the Council (2019b) Progress on Financial Services Legislative Files, 13 May 2019, available at https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9045-2019-INIT/en/pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Genschel, P. and Jachtenfuchs, M. (2014) Beyond the Regulatory Polity?: The European Integration of Core State Powers, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Genschel, P. and Jachtenfuchs, M. (2016) ‘More Integration, Less Federation: The European Integration of Core State Powers’, Journal of European Public Policy 23(1): 42–59.Google Scholar

Genschel, P. and Jachtenfuchs, M. (2018) ‘From Market Integration to Core State Powers: The Eurozone Crisis, the Refugee Crisis and Integration Theory’, Journal of Common Market Studies 56(1): 178–196.Google Scholar

Giegold, S. (2013) Question for Written Answer E-005066–13 to the Commission Rule 117, 7 May 2013, European Parliament, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2013-005066_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Gilbert, M. (2011) European Integration: A Concise History, updated 2nd ed., Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar

Gnath, K., McKeon, M. and Petersen, T. (2018) Germany’s Current Account and Trade Surpluses, 2018, Bertelsmann Foundation, available at www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/BSt/Publikationen/GrauePublikationen/EZ_BFNA_Germanys_Current_Account_2018_ENG.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Goldoni, M. (2017) ‘The Limits of Legal Accountability of the European Central Bank’, George Mason Law Review 24(2): 595–616.Google Scholar

Gregory, R. (1990) ‘Parliamentary Control and the Use of English’, Parliamentary Affairs 43(1): 59–76.Google Scholar

Gros, D. (2004) 5 Years of Monetary Dialogue, Brussels: European Parliament.Google Scholar

Gros, D. and Alcidi, C. (2015) ‘Economic Policy Coordination in the Euro Area under the European Semester.’ CEPS Special Report No. 123, December 2015, available at https://www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=9197&pdf=SR%20No%20123%20Economic%20Policy%20Coordination%20under%20European%20Semester_0.pdf (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Gros, D. and Busse, M. (2013) ‘The Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure and Germany: When Is a Current Account Surplus an “Imbalance”?’, CEPS Policy Brief No. 301, available at www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=8220&pdf=PB%20No%20301%20DG%20and%20MB%20on%20EIP.pdf (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Gstöhl, S. (2008) ‘“Patchwork Power” Europe?’, Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers No. 2/2008, available at https://www.coleurope.eu/research/publications/bruges-regional-integration-global-governance-papers (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Guarascio, F. (2016) ‘EU Gives Budget Leeway to France “Because It Is France” – Juncker’, Reuters 31 May, available at https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-eu-deficit-france-idUKKCN0YM1N0 (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Gustavsson, S., Karlsson, C. and Persson, T. (2009) ‘Examining the Illusion of Accountability’, in Gustavsson, S., Karlsson, C., and Persson, T. (eds). The Illusion of Accountability in the European Union. Abingdon and New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 1–10.Google Scholar

Guttenberg, L., Hemker, J. and Tordoir, S. (2021) Everything Will be Different: How the Pandemic Is Changing EU Economic Governance, Berlin: Jacques Delors Centre, available at www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/everything-will-be-different-how-the-pandemic-is-changing-eu-economic-governance (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

Hallerberg, M., Marzinotto, B. and Wolff, G. B. (2018) ‘Explaining the Evolving Role of National Parliaments under the European Semester’, Journal of European Public Policy 25(2): 250–267.Google Scholar

Harlow, C. and Rawlings, R. (2007) ‘Promoting Accountability in Multilevel Governance: A Network Approach’, European Law Journal 13(4): 542–562.Google Scholar

Harris, J. P. (1964) Congressional Control of Administration, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Hefftler, C. and Wessels, W. (2013) ‘The Democratic Legitimacy of the EU’s Economic Governance and National Parliaments’, IAI Working Papers (13).Google Scholar

Heipertz, M. and Verdun, A. (2010) Ruling Europe: The Politics of the Stability and Growth Pact, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Henning, C. R. (2017) Tangled Governance: International Regime Complexity, the Troika, and the Euro Crisis, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hermann, C. (2017) ‘Crisis, Structural Reform and the Dismantling of the European Social Model(s)’, Economic and Industrial Democracy 38(1):51–68.Google Scholar

Hillebrandt, M. and Novak, S. (2016) ‘“Integration without Transparency”? Reliance on the Space To Think in the European Council and Council’, Journal of European Integration 38(5): 527–540.Google Scholar

Hix, S. and Høyland, B. (2011) The Political System of the European Union, 3rd ed., New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Hix, S. and Høyland, B. (2013) ‘Empowerment of the European Parliament’, Annual Review of Political Science 16(1): 171–189.Google Scholar

Hix, S. and Marsh, M. (2007) ‘Punishment or Protest? Understanding European Parliament Elections’, The Journal of Politics 69(2): 495–510.Google Scholar

Hix, S. and Marsh, M. (2011) ‘Second-order Effects Plus Pan-European Political Swings: An Analysis of European Parliament Elections across Time’, Electoral Studies 30(1): 4–15.Google Scholar

Hix, S., Noury, A. G. and Roland, G. (2007) Democratic Politics in the European Parliament, Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hobolt, S. B. (2014) ‘A Vote for the President? The Role of Spitzenkandidaten in the 2014 European Parliament Elections’, Journal of European Public Policy 21(10): 1528–1540.Google Scholar

Hobolt, S. B. (2019) ‘European Elections 2019: A More Fragmented Parliament’, Political Insight 10(3): 16–19.Google Scholar

Hobolt, S. B. and de Vries, C. (2016) ‘Turning against the Union? The Impact of the Crisis on the Eurosceptic Vote in the 2014 European Parliament Elections’, Electoral Studies 44: 504–514.Google Scholar

Hobolt, S. B. and Tilley, J. (2014) Blaming Europe?: Responsibility Without Accountability in the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hobolt, S. B. and Wratil, C. (2015) ‘Public Opinion and the Crisis: The Dynamics of Support for the Euro’, Journal of European Public Policy 22(2): 238–256.Google Scholar

Hodson, D. (2011) Governing the Euro Area in Good Times and Bad, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hodson, D. and Maher, I. (2001) ‘The Open Method as a New Mode of Governance: The Case of Soft Economic Policy Co-ordination’, Journal of Common Market Studies 39(4): 719–746.Google Scholar

Hodson, D. and Maher, I. (2004) ‘Soft Law and Sanctions: Economic Policy Co-ordination and Reform of the Stability and Growth Pact’, Journal of European Public Policy 11(5): 798–813.Google Scholar

Hodson, D. and Puetter, U. (2016) ‘The Euro Crisis and European Integration’, in Cini, M. and Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, N. (eds). European Union Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 365–379.Google Scholar

Hood, C. (2010) The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-Preservation in Government, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2009) ‘A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus’, British Journal of Political Science 39(01): 1–23.Google Scholar

House of Commons Treasury Committee (2011) Accountability of the Bank of England. Twenty-first Report of Session 2010–12, available at https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmtreasy/874/874.pdf (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar

House of Lords (2011) Report of the Leader’s Group on Working Practices – Leader’s Group on Working Practices, 2011, UK Parliament, available at https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldspeak/136/13605.htm (accessed March 2019).Google Scholar

Howarth, D. J. (2007) ‘Making and Breaking the Rules: French Policy on EU “Gouvernement économique”’, Journal of European Public Policy 14(7): 1061–1078.Google Scholar

Howarth, D. and Quaglia, L. (2013) ‘Banking Union as Holy Grail: Rebuilding the Single Market in Financial Services, Stabilizing Europe’s Banks and “Completing” Economic and Monetary Union’, Journal of Common Market Studies 51(Annual Review): 103–123.Google Scholar

Howarth, D. and Quaglia, L. (2014) ‘The Steep Road to European Banking Union: Constructing the Single Resolution Mechanism’, Journal of Common Market Studies 52(S1): 125–140.Google Scholar

Howarth, D. and Quaglia, L. (2018) ‘The Difficult Construction of a European Deposit Insurance Scheme: A Step Too Far in Banking Union?’, Journal of Economic Policy Reform 21(3): 190–209.Google Scholar

Hutter, S. and Kriesi, H. (2019) ‘Politicizing Europe in Times of Crisis’, Journal of European Public Policy 26(7): 996–1017.Google Scholar

Jabko, N. (2003) ‘Democracy in the Age of the Euro’, Journal of European Public Policy 10(5): 710–739.Google Scholar

Jacobs, F. and Corbett, R. (1990) The European Parliament, New York, NY and Abington: Routledge.Google Scholar

Jančić, D. (2016) ‘National Parliaments and EU Fiscal Integration’, European Law Journal 22(2): 225–249.Google Scholar

Jančić, D. (2017) ‘Accountability of the European Central Bank in a Deepening Economic and Monetary Union’, in Jančić, D. (ed.). National Parliaments after the Lisbon Treaty and the Euro Crisis: Resilience or Resignation?. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 141–158.Google Scholar

Jancic, D. (ed.) (2017) National Parliaments after the Lisbon Treaty and the Euro Crisis: Resilience or Resignation?, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Jensen, C. B., Proksch, S.-O. and Slapin, J. B. (2013) ‘Parliamentary Questions, Oversight, and National Opposition Status in the European Parliament’, Legislative Studies Quarterly 38(2): 259.Google Scholar

Jones, E. (2002) ‘Macroeconomic Preferences and Europe’s Democratic Deficit’, in Verdun, A. (ed.). The Euro: European Integration Theory and Economic and Monetary Union. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 145–164.Google Scholar

Jones, E., Kelemen, R. D. and Meunier, S. (2016) ‘Failing Forward? The Euro Crisis and the Incomplete Nature of European Integration’, Comparative Political Studies 49(7): 1010–1034.Google Scholar

Judge, D. and Earnshaw, D. (2002) ‘The European Parliament and the Commission Crisis: A New Assertiveness?’, Governance 15(3): 345–374.Google Scholar

Judge, D. and Earnshaw, D. (2003) The European Parliament, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Karagianni, A. and Scholten, M. (2018) ‘Accountability Gaps in the Single Supervisory Mechanism SSM Framework’, Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 34: 185.Google Scholar

Katz, R. S. and Wessels, B. (eds) (1999) The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration, Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kiewiet, D. R. and McCubbins, M. D. (1991) The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

King, T. (2014) ‘In What Way Are Commission Vice-Presidents Special?’, Politico Europe 4 December, available at www.politico.eu/article/in-what-way-are-commission-vice-presidents-special/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Kluger Dionigi, M. (2020) ‘The European Parliament’s Oversight Powers in Economic Governance: Proper Scrutiny or a Play to the Gallery?’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 26(1): 74–96.Google Scholar

Koenig-Archibugi, M. (2004) ‘Transnational Corporations and Public Accountability’, Government and Opposition 39(2): 234–259.Google Scholar

Koop, C. (2014) ‘Theorizing and Explaining Voluntary Accountability’, Public Administration 92(3): 565–581.Google Scholar

Koopmans, R. and Statham, P. (1999) ‘Political Claims Analysis: Integrating Protest Event and Political Discourse Approaches’, Mobilization: An International Journal 4(2): 203–221.Google Scholar

Koppell, J. G. (2005) ‘Pathologies of Accountability: ICANN and the Challenge of “Multiple Accountabilities Disorder”’, Public Administration Review 65(1): 94–108.Google Scholar

Kreilinger, V. (2016) ‘National Parliaments, Surveillance Mechanisms and Ownership in the Euro Area’, Jacques Delors Institut Studies & Reports No. 110, available at https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/nat.parl_.surveillanceownership-kreilinger-jdib-mar16-4.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Kreilinger, V. (2018a) ‘From Procedural Disagreement to Joint Scrutiny? The Interparliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance’, Perspectives on Federalism 10(3): 155–184.Google Scholar

Kreilinger, V. (2018b) ‘Scrutinising the European Semester in National Parliaments: What Are the Drivers of Parliamentary Involvement?’, Journal of European Integration 40(3): 325–340.Google Scholar

Kreppel, A. (2002) The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: A Study in Institutional Development, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kreppel, A. and Tsebelis, G. (1999) ‘Coalition Formation in the European Parliament’, Comparative Political Studies 32(8): 933–966.Google Scholar

Kreuder-Sonnen, C. (2019) Emergency Powers of International Organizations, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kriesi, H. and Grande, E. (2016) ‘The Euro Crisis: A Boost to Politcization of European Integration?’, in Hutter, S., Grande, E., and Kriesi, H. (eds). Politicising Europe: Integration and Mass Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 240–276.Google Scholar

Kroet, C. and Oliveira, I. (2015) ‘Hungry Like the Wolfgang’, Politico Europe 5 August, available at www.politico.eu/article/schauble-germany-economy-minister-chancellor-career-powerful-cdu/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Laffan, B. (2003) ‘Auditing and Accountability in the European Union’, Journal of European Public Policy 10(5): 762–777.Google Scholar

Laffan, B. (2016) ‘Core–Periphery Dynamics in the Euro Area: From Conflict to Cleavage?’, in Magone, J. M., Laffan, B., and Schweiger, C. (eds). Core–Periphery Relations in the European Union: Power and Conflict in a Dualist Political Economy. Abingdon and New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 19–34.Google Scholar

Lane, P. R. (2012) ‘The European Sovereign Debt Crisis’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 26(3): 49–68.Google Scholar

Lastra, R. M. (2020) Accountability Mechanisms of the Bank of England and of the European Central Bank, Luxembourg: European Parliament, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies.Google Scholar

Leifeld, P. and Haunss, S. (2010) ‘A Comparison between Political Claims Analysis and Discourse Network Analysis: The Case of Software Patents in the European Union’, Preprints of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods Bonn 2010/21, available at https://homepage.coll.mpg.de/pdf_dat/2010_21online.pdf (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Leruth, B., Startin, N. and Usherwood, S. (eds) (2017) The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism, Abingdon and New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar

Levy, D. A. (1995) ‘Does an Independent Central Bank Violate Democracy?’, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 18(2): 189–210.Google Scholar

Lewis, J. (2019) ‘The European Council and the Council of the European Union’, in Cini, M. and Borragán, N. P.-S. (eds). European Union Politics. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 157–175.Google Scholar

Liedorp, F., Mosch, R., van der Cruijsen, C. and de Haan, J. (2013) ‘Transparency of Banking Supervisors’, IMF Economic Review 61(2): 310–335.Google Scholar

Lindberg, B., Rasmussen, A. and Warntjen, A. (2008) ‘Party Politics as Usual? The Role of Political Parties in EU Legislative Decision-making’, Journal of European Public Policy 15(8): 1107–1126.Google Scholar

Lindberg, S. I. (2013) ‘Mapping Accountability: Core Concept and Subtypes’, International Review of Administrative Sciences 79(2): 202–226.Google Scholar

Linz, J. J. (1990) ‘The Perils of Presidentialism’, Journal of Democracy 1(1): 51–69.Google Scholar

Lord, C. (2013) ‘No Representation without Justification? Appraising Standards of Justification in European Parliament Debates’, Journal of European Public Policy 20(2): 243–259.Google Scholar

Lowen, M. (2015) ‘Greek Debt Crisis: What Was the Point of the Referendum?’, BBC News 11 July, available at www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33492387 (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Lupia, A. (2006) ‘Delegation and its Perils’, in Strøm, K., Müller, W. C., and Bergman, T. (eds). Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 33–54.Google Scholar

Lupia, A. and McCubbins, M. D. (1994) ‘Learning from Oversight: Fire Alarms and Police Patrols Reconstructed’, Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 10(1): 96–125.Google Scholar

Lupo, N. and Griglio, E. (2018) ‘The Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance: Filling the Gaps of Parliamentary Oversight in the EU’, Journal of European Integration 40(3): 358–373.Google Scholar

Maatsch, A. (2017) ‘Effectiveness of the European Semester: Explaining Domestic Consent and Contestation’, Parliamentary Affairs 70(4): 691–709.Google Scholar

MacMahon, A. W. (1943) ‘Congressional Oversight of Administration: The Power of the Purse. I’, Political Science Quarterly 58(2): 161–190.Google Scholar

Maes, I. (2004) ‘On the Origins of the Franco-German EMU Controversies’, European Journal of Law and Economics 17(1): 21–39.Google Scholar

Magnette, P. (2000) ‘Towards “Accountable Independence”? Parliamentary Controls of the European Central Bank and the Rise of a New Democratic Model’, European Law Journal 6(4): 326–340.Google Scholar

Magnette, P. (2001) ‘Appointing and Censuring the European Commission: The Adaptation of Parliamentary Institutions to the Community Context’, European Law Journal 7(3): 292–310.Google Scholar

Mahony, H. (2015) The Rise of the Untransparent ‘Eurogroup’, 6 May 2015, EUobserver, available at https://euobserver.com/economic/128582 (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Majone, G. (1994) ‘The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe’, West European Politics 17(3): 77–101.Google Scholar

Majone, G. (1998) ‘Europe’s “Democratic Deficit”: The Question of Standards’, European Law Journal 4(1): 5–28.Google Scholar

Majone, G. (1999) ‘The Regulatory State and its Legitimacy Problems’, West European Politics 22(1): 1–24.Google Scholar

Majone, G. (2001) ‘Two Logics of Delegation: Agency and Fiduciary Relations in EU Governance’, European Union Politics 2(1): 103–122.Google Scholar

Mansbridge, J. (2014) ‘A Contingency Theory of Accountability’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 56–70.Google Scholar

Maricut, A. and Puetter, U. (2018) ‘Deciding on the European Semester: the European Council, the Council and the Enduring Asymmetry between Economic and Social Policy Issues’, Journal of European Public Policy 25(2): 193–211.Google Scholar

Maricut‐Akbik, A. (2020) ‘Contesting the European Central Bank in Banking Supervision: Accountability in Practice at the European Parliament’, Journal of Common Market Studies 58(5): 1199–1214.Google Scholar

Maricut‐Akbik, A. (2021) ‘Q&A in Legislative Oversight: A Framework for Analysis’, European Journal of Political Research 60(3): 539–559.Google Scholar

Markakis, M. (2020) Accountability in the Economic and Monetary Union: Foundations, Policy, and Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Martin, D. and Mélin, J. (2015) Question for Written Answer E-013654–15 to the Commission Rule 130 Dominique Martin (ENF), Joëlle Mélin (ENF), 8 October 2015, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2015-013654_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Martin, S. (2011a) ‘Parliamentary Questions, the Behaviour of Legislators, and the Function of Legislatures: An Introduction’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 17(3): 259–270.Google Scholar

Martin, S. (2011b) ‘Using Parliamentary Questions to Measure Constituency Focus: An Application to the Irish Case’, Political Studies 59(2): 472–488.Google Scholar

McCubbins, M. D. and Schwartz, T. (1984) ‘Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms’, American Journal of Political Science 28(1): 165.Google Scholar

McNamara, K. R. (1999) The Currency of Ideas: Monetary Politics in European Union, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Mill, J. S. (1861) Considerations on Representative Government, Web Edition., South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library, available at https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/m/mill/john_stuart/m645r/ (accessed February 2019).Google Scholar

Moe, T. M. (1984) ‘The New Economics of Organization’, American Journal of Political Science 28(4): 739–777.Google Scholar

Moore, M. H. (2014) ‘Accountability, Legitimacy, and the Court of Public Opinion’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 632–646.Google Scholar

Moravcsik, A. (2002) ‘In Defence of the “Democratic Deficit”: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union’, Journal of Common Market Studies 40(4): 603–624.Google Scholar

Morris, R., Ongena, H. and Schuknecht, L. (2006) ‘The Reform and Implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact’, ECB Occasional Paper Series (No. 47), available at www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbocp47.pdf (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

Moschella, M. (2017) ‘When Some Are More Equal than Others: National Parliaments and Intergovernmental Bailout Negotiations in the Eurozone’, Government and Opposition 52(2): 239–265.Google Scholar

Mühlböck, M. (2012) ‘National versus European: Party Control over Members of the European Parliament’, West European Politics 35(3): 607–631.Google Scholar

Mulgan, R. (2000a) ‘“Accountability”: An Ever-Expanding Concept?’, Public Administration 78(3): 555–573.Google Scholar

Mulgan, R. (2000b) ‘Comparing Accountability in the Public and Private Sectors’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 59(1): 87–97.Google Scholar

Mulgan, R. (2003) Holding Power to Account: Accountability in Modern Democracies, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Müller, W. C. (2000) ‘Political Parties in Parliamentary Democracies: Making Delegation and Accountability Work’, European Journal of Political Research 37(3): 309–333.Google Scholar

Müller, W. C., Bergman, T. and Strøm, K. (2006) ‘Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems’, in Strøm, K., Müller, W. C., and Bergman, T. (eds). Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–32.Google Scholar

Mundell, R. A. (1961) ‘A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas’, The American Economic Review 51(4): 657–665.Google Scholar

Mzes, H. S. (2005) ‘The European Parliament Elections of June 2004: Still Second-Order?’, West European Politics 28(3): 650–679.Google Scholar

Naert, F. (2016) ‘The New European Union Economic Governance: What about Accountability?’, International Review of Administrative Sciences 82(4): 638–655.Google Scholar

National Democratic Institute (2000) Strengthening Legislative Capacity in Legislative-Executive Relations, Washington, DC: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs.Google Scholar

Naurin, D. (2009) ‘The European Central Bank – Independent and Accountable?’, in Gustavsson, S., Karlsson, C., and Persson, T. (eds). The Illusion of Accountability in the European Union. London: Routledge, pp. 126–140.Google Scholar

Nielsen, J. H. and Franklin, M. N. (eds) (2017) The Eurosceptic 2014 European Parliament Elections: Second Order or Second Rate?, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-58696-4.Google Scholar

Niskanen, W. A. (1973) Bureaucracy- servant or Master?: Lessons from America, London: Institute of Economic Affairs.Google Scholar

Noonan, L., Binham, C. and Shotter, J. (2016) ‘Deutsche Bank Received Special Treatment in EU Stress Tests’, Financial Times 10 October, available at www.ft.com/content/44768ea8-8c71-11e6-8aa5-f79f5696c731 (accessed June 2018).Google Scholar

Nouy, D. (2014) Introductory Remarks by Danièle Nouy, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, Regular Hearing at the European Parliament’s Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee, Brussels, 3 November 2014, 2014, ECB Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/speeches/date/2014/html/se141103.en.html (accessed June 2018).Google Scholar

Nouy, D. (2015) The Banking Union, One Year On, 21 October 2015, Speech at the Center for European Reform, London, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/speeches/date/2015/html/se151021.en.html (accessed June 2018).Google Scholar

Nouy, D. (2016a) Letter from Danièle Nouy, Chair of the Supervisory Board, to Mr José Manuel Fernandes, MEP, With Respect to a Credit Institution under ECB Supervision, 22 November 2016, ECB Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/ecb/pub/pdf/161122letter_fernandes.en.pdf (accessed August 2018).Google Scholar

Nouy, D. (2016b) Letter from Danièle Nouy, Chair of the Supervisory Board, to Mr Melo, MEP, Regarding a Less Significant Credit Institution, 3 March 2016, ECB Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/ecb/pub/pdf/160303letter_melo.en.pdf (accessed October 2018).Google Scholar

Nouy, D. (2017) Letter from Danièle Nouy, Chair of the Supervisory Board, to Mr Hayes, MEP, regarding Professional Secrecy Requirements, 14 June 2017, ECB Banking Supervision, available at www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/ecb/pub/pdf/ssm.mepletter170614_hayes.en.pdf?d4fe5a6f7bb3e77e8697352785d4cced (accessed October 2017).Google Scholar

Nugent, N. and Rhinard, M. (2015) The European Commission, London and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Ogul, M. S. (1976) Congress Oversees the Bureaucracy, 1st ed., Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar

Ogul, M. S. and Rockman, B. A. (1990) ‘Overseeing Oversight: New Departures and Old Problems’, Legislative Studies Quarterly 15(1): 5–24.Google Scholar

Oliver, D. (1991) Government in the United Kingdom: The Search for Accountability, Effectiveness, and Citizenship, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar

Panke, D. (2019) ‘Greek–EU Debt Dueling in the Endgame’, in Zartman, I. W. (ed.). How Negotiations End: Negotiating Behavior in the Endgame. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 46–61.Google Scholar

Papadopoulos, Y. (2007) ‘Problems of Democratic Accountability in Network and Multilevel Governance’, European Law Journal 13(4): 469–486.Google Scholar

Papadopoulos, Y. (2010) ‘Accountability and Multi-level Governance: More Accountability, Less Democracy?’, West European Politics 33(5): 1030–1049.Google Scholar

Parker, O. and Pye, R. (2018) ‘Mobilising Social Rights in EU Economic Governance: A Pragmatic Challenge to Neoliberal Europe’, Comparative European Politics 16(5): 805–824.Google Scholar

Pavy, E. (2020) The European Parliament: Powers | Fact Sheets on the European Union, January 2020, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/19/the-european-parliament-powers (accessed January 2021).Google Scholar

Pelizzo, R. and Stapenhurst, F. (2012) Parliamentary Oversight Tools: A Comparative Analysis, London and New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar

Philp, M. (2009) ‘Delimiting Democratic Accountability’, Political Studies 57(1): 28–53.Google Scholar

Pisani-Ferry, J. (2006) ‘Only One Bed for Two Dreams: A Critical Retrospective on the Debate over the Economic Governance of the Euro Area’, Journal of Common Market Studies 44(4): 823–844.Google Scholar

Pisani-Ferry, J. (2012) ‘The Euro Crisis and the New Impossible Trinity’, Bruegel Policy Contribution 2012/1, available at www.bruegel.org/2012/01/the-euro-crisis-and-the-new-impossible-trinity-2/ (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Pollack, M. A. (1997) ‘Delegation, Agency, and Agenda Setting in the European Community’, International Organization 51(1): 99–134.Google Scholar

Pollack, M. A. (1998) ‘The Engines of Integration? Supranational Autonomy and Influence in the European Union’, in Sandholtz, W. and Stone Sweet, A. (eds). European Integration and Supranational Governance. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 217–249.Google Scholar

Pollitt, C. (2003) The Essential Public Manager, Maidenhead and Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar

Pop, V. (2011) ‘Eurogroup Chief: “I’m for Secret, Dark Debates”’, EUobserver 21 April, available at https://euobserver.com/economic/32222 (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Proksch, S.-O. and Slapin, J. B. (2011) ‘Parliamentary Questions and Oversight in the European Union’, European Journal of Political Research 50(1): 53–79.Google Scholar

Przeworski, A., Stokes, S. C. and Manin, B. (1999) Democracy, Accountability, and Representation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Puetter, U. (2004) ‘Governing Informally: The Role of the Eurogroup in EMU and the Stability and Growth Pact’, Journal of European Public Policy 11(5): 854–870.Google Scholar

Puetter, U. (2006) The Eurogroup: How a Secretive Circle of Finance Ministers Shape European Economic Governance, Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Puetter, U. (2012) ‘Europe’s Deliberative Intergovernmentalism: The Role of the Council and European Council in EU Economic Governance’, Journal of European Public Policy 19(2): 161–178.Google Scholar

Puetter, U. (2013) ‘The European Council – The New Centre of EU Politics’, SIEPS European Policy Analysis 16: 1–16.Google Scholar

Puetter, U. (2014) The European Council and the Council: New Intergovernmentalism and Institutional Change, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Puetter, U. (2016) ‘The Centrality of Consensus and Deliberation in Contemporary EU Politics and the New Intergovernmentalism’, Journal of European Integration 38(5): 601–615.Google Scholar

Radaelli, C. M. (1999) Technocracy in the European Union, London: Longman.Google Scholar

Rasmussen, M. B. (2018) ‘Accountability Challenges in EU Economic Governance? Parliamentary Scrutiny of the European Semester’, Journal of European Integration 40(3): 341–357.Google Scholar

Raunio, T. (1996) ‘Parliamentary Questions in the European Parliament: Representation, Information and Control’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 2(4): 356–382.Google Scholar

Raunio, T. (2005) ‘Holding Governments Accountable in European Affairs: Explaining Cross-national Variation’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 11(3–4): 319–342.Google Scholar

Regan, A. (2017) ‘The Imbalance of Capitalisms in the Eurozone: Can the North and South of Europe Converge?’, Comparative European Politics 15(6): 969–990.Google Scholar

Rehn, O. (2012) Answer to Question No E-002121/12, 12 April 2012, European Parliament, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2012-002121-ASW_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Reif, K. and Schmitt, H. (1980) ‘Nine Second-Order National Elections – a Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Results’, European Journal of Political Research 8(1): 3–44.Google Scholar

Remáč, M. (2019) ‘Parliamentary Scrutiny of the European Commission: Implementation of Treaty Provisions’, EPRS_STU(2019)631748_EN, European Parliamentary Research Service, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_STU(2019)631748 (accessed January 2020).Google Scholar

Ringe, N. (2005) ‘Government-opposition Dynamics in the European Union: The Santer Commission Resignation Crisis’, European Journal of Political Research 44(5): 671–696.Google Scholar

Rittberger, B. (2003) ‘The Creation and Empowerment of the European Parliament’, Journal of Common Market Studies 41(2): 203–225.Google Scholar

Rittberger, B. (2005) Building Europe’s Parliament: Democratic Representation Beyond the Nation State, Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rittberger, B. (2014) ‘Integration without Representation? The European Parliament and the Reform of Economic Governance in the EU’, Journal of Common Market Studies 52(6): 1174–1183.Google Scholar

Rockman, B. A. (1984) ‘Legislative-Executive Relations and Legislative Oversight’, Legislative Studies Quarterly 9(3): 387–440.Google Scholar

Romzek, B. S. and Dubnick, M. J. (1987) ‘Accountability in the Public Sector: Lessons from the Challenger Tragedy’, Public Administration Review 47(3): 227–238.Google Scholar

Romzek, B. S. and Dubnick, M. J. (1998) ‘Accountability’, in Shafritz, J. M. (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 6–11.Google Scholar

Rozenberg, O. (2017) The Role of National Parliaments in the EU after Lisbon: Potentialities and Challenges, Luxembourg: European Parliament Policy Department for Citizen’s Rights and Constitutional Affairs.Google Scholar

Rozenberg, O. and Martin, S. (2011) ‘Questioning Parliamentary Questions’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 17(3): 394–404.Google Scholar

Russack, S. (2017) ‘How Is Juncker’s “Last-chance Commission” Faring at Mid-Term?’, SIEPS European Policy Analysis 2017(4): 1–12.Google Scholar

Russo, F. and Wiberg, M. (2010) ‘Parliamentary Questioning in 17 European Parliaments: Some Steps towards Comparison’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 16(2): 215–232.Google Scholar

Saalfeld, T. (2000) ‘Members of Parliament and Governments in Western Europe: Agency Relations and Problems of Oversight’, European Journal of Political Research 37(3): 353–376.Google Scholar

Sabel, C. F. and Zeitlin, J. (2008) ‘Learning from Difference: The New Architecture of Experimentalist Governance in the EU’, European Law Journal 14(3): 271–327.Google Scholar

Sacher, M. (2019) ‘Macroeconomic Conditionalities: Using the Controversial Link Between EU Cohesion Policy and Economic Governance’, Journal of Contemporary European Research 15(2): 179–193.Google Scholar

Sánchez de Dios, M. and Wiberg, M. (2011) ‘Questioning in European Parliaments’, The Journal of Legislative Studies 17(3): 354–367.Google Scholar

Sauer, H. (2015) ‘Doubtful It Stood: Competence and Power in European Monetary and Constitutional Law in the Aftermath of the CJEU’s OMT Judgment’, German Law Journal 16(4): 971–1002.Google Scholar

Savage, J. D. and Howarth, D. (2018) ‘Enforcing the European Semester: The Politics of Asymmetric Information in the Excessive Deficit and Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedures’, Journal of European Public Policy 25(2): 212–230.Google Scholar

Savage, J. D. and Verdun, A. (2016) ‘Strengthening the European Commission’s Budgetary and Economic Surveillance Capacity since Greece and the Euro Area Crisis: A Study of Five Directorates-General’, Journal of European Public Policy 23(1): 101–118.Google Scholar

Schedler, A. (1999) ‘Conceptualizing Accountability’, in Schedler, A., Diamond, L. J., and Plattner, M. F. (eds). The Self-restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies. London and Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 13–28.Google Scholar

Schelkle, W. (2017) The Political Economy of Monetary Solidarity: Understanding the Euro Experiment, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Scheller, H. K. (2004) The European Central Bank: History, Role and Functions, Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank.Google Scholar

Schillemans, T. (2008) ‘Accountability in the Shadow of Hierarchy: The Horizontal Accountability of Agencies’, Public Organization Review 8(2): 175.Google Scholar

Schillemans, T. (2013) ‘The Public Accountability Review. A Meta-Analysis of Public Accountability Research in Six Academic Disciplines’, Utrecht University Repository Working Paper, available at http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/275784 (accessed January 2019).Google Scholar

Schillemans, T. (2016) ‘Calibrating Public Sector Accountability: Translating Experimental Findings to Public Sector Accountability’, Public Management Review 18(9): 1400–1420.Google Scholar

Schillemans, T. and Bovens, M. (2011) ‘The Challenge of Multiple Accountability: Does Redundancy Lead to Overload?’, in Dubnick, M. J. and Frederickson, H. G. (eds). Accountable Governance: Problems and Promises. Armonk, NY and London: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 3–21.Google Scholar

Schillemans, T. and Busuioc, M. (2015) ‘Predicting Public Sector Accountability: From Agency Drift to Forum Drift’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25(1): 191–215.Google Scholar

Schimmelfennig, F. (2015) ‘Liberal Intergovernmentalism and the Euro Area Crisis’, Journal of European Public Policy 22(2): 177–195.Google Scholar

Schmidt, V. A. (2020) Europe’s Crisis of Legitimacy: Governing by Rules and Ruling by Numbers in the Eurozone, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Schmitter, P. C. (2004) ‘The Ambiguous Virtues of Accountability’, Journal of Democracy 15(4): 47–60.Google Scholar

Schmitter, P. C. and Karl, T. L. (1991) ‘What Democracy Is … and Is Not’, Journal of Democracy 2(3): 75–88.Google Scholar

Schoeller, M. G. and Héritier, A. (2019) ‘Driving Informal Institutional Change: The European Parliament and the Reform of the Economic and Monetary Union’, Journal of European Integration 41(3): 277–292.Google Scholar

Schoenmaker, D. (2018) ‘Building a Stable European Deposit Insurance Scheme’, Journal of Financial Regulation 4(2): 314–320.Google Scholar

Schoenmaker, D. and Véron, N. (2016) ‘European Banking Supervision: The First Eighteen Months’, Bruegel Blueprint Series 2, available at www.bruegel.org/2016/06/blueprint-european-banking-supervision-the-first-eighteen-months/ (accessed March 2021).Google Scholar

Schuknecht, L., Moutot, P., Rother, P. and Stark, J. (2011) ‘The Stability and Growth Pact: Crisis and Reform’, ECB Occasional Paper No. 129, available at www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbocp129.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Scott, C. (2000) ‘Accountability in the Regulatory State’, Journal of Law and Society 27(1): 38–60.Google Scholar

Scully, R. and Farrell, D. M. (2003) ‘MEPs as Representatives: Individual and Institutional Roles’, Journal of Common Market Studies 41(2): 269–288.Google Scholar

Scully, R., Hix, S. and Farrell, D. M. (2012) ‘National or European Parliamentarians? Evidence from a New Survey of the Members of the European Parliament*’, Journal of Common Market Studies 50(4): 670–683.Google Scholar

Seikel, D. (2016) ‘Flexible Austerity and Supranational Autonomy. The Reformed Excessive Deficit Procedure and the Asymmetry between Liberalization and Social Regulation in the EU’, Journal of Common Market Studies 54(6): 1398–1416.Google Scholar

Sieberer, U. (2011) ‘The Institutional Power of Western European Parliaments: A Multidimensional Analysis’, West European Politics 34(4): 731–754.Google Scholar

Single Resolution Board (2017) Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), 11 September 2017, available at https://srb.europa.eu/en/content/single-resolution-mechanism-srm (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Slapin, J. B. and Proksch, S.-O. (2014) ‘Words as Data: Content Analysis in Legislative Studies’, in Martin, S. and Saalfeld, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 126–144.Google Scholar

Smith-Meyer, B. (2016) ‘Brussels Decides against Fining Portugal, Spain’, Politico Europe 27 July, available at www.politico.eu/article/no-fines-for-portugal-spain-over-budget-failures-european-commission-deficit/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Sozzi, F. (2016) ‘Electoral Foundations of Parliamentary Questions: Evidence from the European Parliament’, Journal of Legislative Studies 22(3): 349–367.Google Scholar

Statham, P. and Trenz, H.-J. (2015) ‘Understanding the Mechanisms of EU Politicization: Lessons from the Eurozone Crisis’, Comparative European Politics 13(3): 287–306.Google Scholar

Stiglitz, J. (1998) ‘Central Banking in a Democratic Society’, De Economist 146(2): 199–226.Google Scholar

Strøm, K. (1995) ‘Parliamentary Government and Legislative Organisation’, in Döring, H. (ed.). Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe. University of Mannheim: Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES), pp. 51–82.Google Scholar

Strøm, K. (2000) ‘Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies’, European Journal of Political Research 37(3): 261–289.Google Scholar

Strøm, K. (2006) ‘Parliamentary Democracy and Delegation’, in Strøm, K., Müller, W. C., and Bergman, T. (eds). Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 55–106.Google Scholar

Sweet, A. S. and Sandholtz, W. (1997) ‘European Integration and Supranational Governance’, Journal of European Public Policy 4(3): 297–317.Google Scholar

Tarabella, M. and Cottigny, J. L. (2013) Question for Written Answer E-012086–13 to the Commission Rule 117, 23 October 2013, European Parliament, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2013-012086_EN.html (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Ter Kuile, G. , Wissink, L. and Bovenschen, W. (2015) ‘Tailor-made Accountability within the Single Supervisory Mechanism’, Common Market Law Review 52(1): 155–189.Google Scholar

Thatcher, M. (2005) ‘The Third Force? Independent Regulatory Agencies and Elected Politicians in Europe’, Governance 18(3): 347–373.Google Scholar

Thatcher, M. and Sweet, A. S. (2002) ‘Theory and Practice of Delegation to Non-Majoritarian Institutions’, West European Politics 25(1): 1–22.Google Scholar

Topan, A. (2002) ‘The Resignation of the Santer-Commission: The Impact of “Trust” and “Reputation”’, European Integration online Papers (EIoP) 6(14), http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2002-014a.htm.Google Scholar

Trondal, J. (2010) An Emergent European Executive Order, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tsebelis, G. (1994) ‘The Power of the European Parliament as a Conditional Agenda Setter’, American Political Science Review 88(01): 128–142.Google Scholar

Tuori, Kaarlo and Tuori, Klaus (2014) The Eurozone Crisis: A Constitutional Analysis, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Urtasun, E. (2015) Question for Written Answer E-004058/2015 to the Commission, 12 March 2015, European Parliament, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2015-004058_EN.pdf (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

van de Steeg, M. (2009) ‘Public Accountability in the European Union: Is the European Parliament Able to Hold the European Council Accountable?’, European Integration online Papers (EIoP) 13, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1476905 (accessed September 2017).Google Scholar

van der Veer, R. A. and Haverland, M. (2018) ‘Bread and Butter or Bread and Circuses? Politicisation and the European Commission in the European Semester’, European Union Politics 19(3): 524–545.Google Scholar

Van Kemseke, P. (2014) ‘The European Council: Crisis Manager or Engine of European Integration?’, in Lecture delivered at the Central European University, Budapest. 26 March 2014, Budapest, available at https://dpp.ceu.edu/events/2014-03-26/european-council-crisis-manager-or-engine-european-integration (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Van Rompuy, H. (2012) Towards a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union, 26 June 2012, Report by the President of the European Council, Herman van Rompuy, EUCO 120/12, Brussels, available at http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-120-2012-INIT/en/pdf (accessed June 2018).Google Scholar

Van Rompuy, H. (2014) Europe in the Storm: Promise and Prejudice, Leuven: Davidsfonds.Google Scholar

Verdun, A. (1998) ‘The Institutional Design of EMU: A Democratic Deficit?’, Journal of Public Policy 18(2): 107–132.Google Scholar

Verdun, A. (1999) ‘The Role of the Delors Committee in the Creation of EMU: An Epistemic Community?’, Journal of European Public Policy 6(2): 308–328.Google Scholar

Verdun, A. and Zeitlin, J. (2018) ‘Introduction: The European Semester as a New Architecture of EU Socioeconomic Governance in Theory and Practice’, Journal of European Public Policy 25(2): 137–148.Google Scholar

Véron, N. (2015) ‘Europe’s Radical Banking Union’, Bruegel Essay and Lecture Series No. 5, available at www.bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/publications/essay_NV_CMU.pdf (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Vincenti, D. and Michalopoulos, S. (2015) ‘Monti: Ignoring the Greek Referendum Was a Violation of Democracy’, Euractiv.com, available at www.euractiv.com/section/euro-finance/news/monti-ignoring-the-greek-referendum-was-a-violation-of-democracy/ (accessed December 2020).Google Scholar

Vliegenthart, R., Walgrave, S. and Zicha, B. (2013) ‘How Preferences, Information and Institutions Interactively Drive Agenda-Setting: Questions in the Belgian Parliament, 1993–2000’, European Journal of Political Research 52(3): 390–418.Google Scholar

von Beyme, K. (2000) Parliamentary Democracy, London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

VoteWatch Europe (2014) End of Term Scorecard: The Activity Records of MEPs Analysed by Member State, available at www.votewatch.eu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/votewatch-europe-special-policy-brief-meps-activities-final-6-may.pdf (accessed April 2020).Google Scholar

Wallace, H. (2005) ‘An Institutional Anatomy and Five Policy Modes’, in Wallace, H., Wallace, W., and Pollack, M. A. (eds). Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 49–92.Google Scholar

Warren, T. (2018) ‘The European Parliament and the Eurozone Crisis: An Exceptional Actor?’, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148118768141 .Google Scholar

Weingast, B. R. (1984) ‘The Congressional-Bureaucratic System: A Principal Agent Perspective (with applications to the SEC)’, Public Choice 44(1): 147–191.Google Scholar

Werner Report (1970) Report to the Council and the Commission on the realization by stages of economic and monetary union in the Community, Supplement to Bulletin 11 – 1970 of the European Communities, available at https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/pages/publication6142_en.pdf (accessed September 2021).Google Scholar

Wessels, W. et al. (2013) Democratic Control in the Member States of the European Council and the Euro Zone Summits, Brussels: European Parliament, Policy Department C: Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs.Google Scholar

Whelan, K. (2020) Accountability at the Fed and the ECB, Luxembourg: European Parliament, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies.Google Scholar

Wiberg, M. and Koura, A. (1994) ‘The Logic of Parliamentary Questioning’, in Wiberg, M. (ed.). Parliamentary Control in the Nordic Countries: Forms of Questioning and Behavioural Trends. Helsinki: The Finnish Political Science Association, pp. 19–43.Google Scholar

Wille, A. (2010) ‘Political–Bureaucratic Accountability in the EU Commission: Modernising the Executive’, West European Politics 33(5): 1093–1116.Google Scholar

Wille, A. (2013) The Normalization of the European Commission: Politics and Bureaucracy in the EU Executive, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Wishart, I. (2012) ‘ECB “Will Do Whatever It Takes” to Save the Euro’, Politico Europe 26 July, available at www.politico.eu/article/ecb-will-do-whatever-it-takes-to-save-the-euro/ (accessed November 2020).Google Scholar

Woods, M., Paulus, T., Atkins, D. P. and Macklin, R. (2016) ‘Advancing Qualitative Research Using Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS)? Reviewing Potential Versus Practice in Published Studies Using ATLAS.ti and NVivo, 1994–2013’, Social Science Computer Review 34(5): 597–617.Google Scholar

Yamamoto, H. (2007) Tools for Parliamentary Oversight: A Comparative Study of 88 National Parliaments, Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union.Google Scholar

Yang, K. (2014) ‘Qualitative Analysis’, in Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. (eds). The Oxford Handbook Public Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 159–176.Google Scholar

Yordanova, N. and Zhelyazkova, A. (2020) ‘Legislative Control over Executive Law-making: Delegation of Quasi-legislative Powers to the European Commission’, Journal of Common Market Studies 58(2): 345–364.Google Scholar

Zeitlin, J. and Vanhercke, B. (2018) ‘Socializing the European Semester: EU Social and Economic Policy Co-ordination in Crisis and Beyond’, Journal of European Public Policy 25(2): 149–174.Google Scholar

Zilioli, C. (2016) ‘The ECB’s Powers and Institutional Role in the Financial Crisis: A Confirmation from the Court of Justice of the European Union’, Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 23(1): 171–184.Google Scholar

Zoppè, A. (2020) Implementation of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure: State of Play (August 2020), 2020, European Parliament In-depth Analysis, Economic Governance Support Unit (EGOV), PE 497.739, available at www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/497739/IPOL_IDA(2016)497739_EN.pdf (accessed April 2021).Google Scholar