Abbott, K. W.‘International Relations Theory, International Law, and the Regime Governing Atrocities in Internal Conflicts’, American Journal of International Law, 93 (1999), 361–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, D. M.‘Policing the Settler State: Colonial Hegemony in Kenya, 1900–1952’ in Engels, D. and Marks, S. (eds.), Contesting Colonial Hegemony: State and Society in Africa and India (London: British Academic Press, 1994), 248–64.Google Scholar

Anderson, D. M.‘The Battle of Dandora Swamp: Reconstructing the Mau Mau Land Freedom Army October 1954’, in Odhiambo, E. S. Atieno and Lonsdale, J. (eds.), Mau Mau and Nationhood: Arms, Authority and Narration (Oxford: James Currey, 2003), 155–75.Google Scholar

Anderson, D. M.Histories of the Hanged: Britain's Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2005).Google Scholar

Anderson, D. M.‘Surrogates of the State: Collaboration and Atrocity in Kenya's Mau Mau War’, in Kassimeris, G. (ed.), The Barbarisation of Warfare (London: Hurst, 2006), 159–74.Google Scholar

Anderson, D. M.‘Mau Mau in the High Court and the “Lost” British Empire Archives: Colonial Conspiracy or Bureaucratic Bungle?’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 39 (2011), 699–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, D. M., Bennett, H. and Branch, D., ‘A Very British Massacre’, History Today, 56 (2006), 20–2.Google Scholar

Anglim, S.‘Orde Wingate and the Special Night Squads: A Feasible Policy for Counter-terrorism?’, Contemporary Security Policy, 28 (2007), 28–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anon, . ‘Hints on Internal Security’, British Army Review, 1 (1949), 54–61.Google Scholar

Anon, . ‘Obedience to Lawful Commands’, RUSI Journal, 96 (1951), 71–3.Google Scholar

Anon, . ‘A Senior Officer to Young Officers’; ‘The Duties of an Officer’, British Army Review, 3 (1950), 46–8.Google Scholar

Aylwin-Foster, N. ‘Changing the Army for Counterinsurgency Operations’, Military Review, November–December issue (2005), 2–15.

Barclay, C. N.‘The Training of National Armies in War’, Army Quarterly, 58 (1949), 98–108.Google Scholar

Barnett, C.Britain and Her Army 1509–1970: A Military, Political and Social Survey (London: Allen Lane, 1970).Google Scholar

Barnett, D. L. and Njama, K., Mau Mau from Within: Autobiography and Analysis of Kenya's Peasant Revolt (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1966).Google Scholar

Bartlett, C. J.‘The Military Instrument in British Foreign Policy’, in Baylis, J. (ed.), British Defence Policy in a Changing World (London: Croom Helm, 1977), 30–51.Google Scholar

Bartov, O.The Eastern Front, 1941–1945: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare (London: Macmillan, 1985).Google Scholar

Baylis, J.British Defence Policy: Striking the Right Balance (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baylis, J. and Macmillan, A., ‘The British Global Strategy Paper of 1952’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 16 (1993), 200–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

BBC 2 television programme Correspondent: White Terror broadcast 17 November 2002, reporter John McGhie, editor Karen O'Connor.

Beach, J.‘Soldier Education in the British Army, 1920–2007’, History of Education, 37 (2008), 679–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beckett, I. F. W.‘Robert Thompson and the British Advisory Mission to South Vietnam, 1961–1965’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 8 (1997), 41–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beckett, I. F. W.Modern Insurgencies and Counter-Insurgencies: Guerrillas and their Opponents since 1750 (London: Routledge, 2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beckett, I. F. W and Pimlott, J. (eds.), Armed Forces and Modern Counter-Insurgency (London: Croom Helm, 1985).Google Scholar

Bennett, H.‘The British Army and Controlling Barbarization during the Kenya Emergency’, in Kassimeris, G. (ed.), The Warrior's Dishonour: Barbarity, Morality and Torture in Modern Warfare (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), 59–80.Google Scholar

Bennett, H.‘The Other Side of the COIN: Minimum and Exemplary Force in British Army Counter-insurgency in Kenya’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 18 (2007), 638–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bennett, H.‘“A very salutary effect”: The Counter-Terror Strategy in the Early Malayan Emergency, June 1948 to December 1949’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 32 (2009), 415–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bennett, H.‘Detention and Interrogation in Northern Ireland, 1969–75’, in Scheipers, S. (ed.), Prisoners in War (Oxford University Press, 2010), 187–205.Google Scholar

Bennett, H.‘Minimum Force in British Counterinsurgency’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 21 (2010), 459–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bennett, H.‘Soldiers in the Court Room: The British Army's Part in the Kenya Emergency under the Legal Spotlight’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 39 (2011), 717–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berman, B.Control and Crisis in Colonial Kenya: The Dialectic of Domination (London: James Currey, 1990).Google Scholar

Berman, B.‘Bureaucracy and Incumbent Violence: Colonial Administration and the Origins of the “Mau Mau” Emergency’, in Berman, B. and Lonsdale, J., Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa. Book 2: Violence and Ethnicity (London: James Currey, 1992).Google Scholar

Berman, B. and Lonsdale, J., Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa (London: James Currey, 1992).Google Scholar

Best, G.Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflicts (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980).Google Scholar

Best, G.‘Making the Geneva Conventions of 1949: The View from Whitehall’, in Swinarski, C. (ed.), Studies and Essays on International Humanitarian Law and Red Cross Principles in Honour of Jean Pictet (Geneva/The Hague: International Committee of the Red Cross/Martinus Nijhoff, 1984), 5–17.Google Scholar

Best, G.War and Law since 1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Betz, D. and Cormack, A., ‘Iraq, Afghanistan and British Strategy’, Orbis, 53 (2009), 319–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bewes, T. F. C.Kikuyu Conflict: Mau Mau and the Christian Witness (London: Highway Press, 1953).Google Scholar

Black, J.Rethinking Military History (London: Routledge, 2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blacker, J.‘The Demography of Mau Mau: Fertility and Mortality in Kenya in the 1950s: A Demographer's Viewpoint’, African Affairs, 106 (2007), 205–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blackett, J.‘Superior Orders – the Military Dilemma’, RUSI Journal, 139 (1994), 12–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blakeslee, H. V.Beyond the Kikuyu Curtain (Chicago: Moody Press, 1956).Google Scholar

Blaxland, G.The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army, 1945–1970 (London: Kimber, 1971).Google Scholar

Bloxham, D.‘“The Trial That Never Was”: Why there was no Second International Trial of Major War Criminals at Nuremberg’, History, 87 (2002), 41–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloxham, D.‘British War Crimes Trial Policy in Germany, 1945–1957: Implementation and Collapse’, Journal of British Studies, 42 (2003), 91–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bobbitt, P.The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace and the Course of History (London: Penguin, 2003).Google Scholar

Bogdanor, V. (ed.), The British Constitution in the Twentieth Century (Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2003).Google Scholar

Bond, B.British Military Policy between the Two World Wars (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980).Google Scholar

Bourke, J.An Intimate History of Killing: Face-to-Face Killing in Twentieth Century Warfare (London: Granta, 2000).Google Scholar

Bourke, J.‘New Military History’, in Hughes, M. and Philpott, W. (eds.), Palgrave Advances in Modern Military History (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006), 258–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Branch, D.‘Loyalism during the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya, 1952–60’ (doctoral thesis, University of Oxford, 2005).Google Scholar

Branch, D.From Home Guard to Mau Mau: Ambiguities and Allegiances during the Mau Mau Emergency in Kenya, 1952–60 (University of Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2005), available at: , accessed 5 July 2006.Google Scholar

Branch, D.Defeating Mau Mau, Creating Kenya: Counterinsurgency, Civil War, and Decolonization (Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Branch, D.‘Footprints in the Sand: British Colonial Counterinsurgency and the War in Iraq’, Politics & Society, 38 (2010), 15–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brand, G.‘The War Crimes Trials and the Laws of War’, British Year Book of International Law (1949), 414–27.Google Scholar

Browning, C. R.Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland (New York: HarperPerennial, 1993).Google Scholar

Buijtenhuijs, R.Mau Mau: Twenty Years After: The Myth and the Survivors (The Hague: Mouton, 1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buijtenhuijs, R.Essays on Mau Mau: Contributions to Mau Mau Historiography (Leiden: African Studies Centre, 1982).Google Scholar

Bulloch, G.‘The Application of Military Doctrine to Counter Insurgency (COIN) Operations – A British Perspective’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 7 (1996), 165–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burleigh, M.The Third Reich: A New History (London: Pan Books, 2001).Google Scholar

Busch, P.‘Killing the “Vietcong”: The British Advisory Mission and the Strategic Hamlet Programme’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 25 (2002), 135–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Byers, M.Custom, Power and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law (Cambridge University Press, 1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Callwell, C. E.Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice, 3rd edn (London: University of Nebraska Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Campbell, G.The Charging Buffalo: A History of the Kenya Regiment (London: Leo Cooper, 1986).Google Scholar

Cann, J. P.‘Low-Intensity Conflict, Insurgency, Terrorism and Revolutionary War’, in Hughes, M. and Philpott, W. J. (eds.), Palgrave Advances in Modern Military History (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006), 107–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carruthers, S. L.‘Two Faces of 1950s Terrorism: The Film Presentation of Mau Mau and the Malayan Emergency’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 6 (1995), 17–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carruthers, S. L.Winning Hearts and Minds: British Governments, the Media and Colonial Counter-Insurgency 1944–1960 (London: Leicester University Press, 1995).Google Scholar

Carruthers, S. L.‘Being Beastly to the Mau Mau’, Twentieth Century British History, 16 (2005), 489–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carver, M.Harding of Petherton (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978).Google Scholar

Carver, M.Britain's Army in the Twentieth Century (London: Pan Books/Imperial War Museum, 1999).Google Scholar

Castro, A. P. and Ettenger, K., ‘Counterinsurgency and Socioeconomic Change: The Mau Mau War in Kirinyaga, Kenya’, Research in Economic Anthropology, 15 (1994), 63–101.Google Scholar

Chandler, D. and Beckett, I. F. W. (eds.), The Oxford History of the British Army (Oxford University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Chappell, S.‘Air Power in the Mau Mau Conflict: The Government's Chief Weapon’, RUSI Journal, 156 (2011), 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Charters, D. A.The British Army and Jewish Insurgency in Palestine, 1945–47 (London: Macmillan, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Charters, D. A.‘From Palestine to Northern Ireland: British Adaptation to Low-Intensity Operations’ in Charters, D. A. and Tugwell, M. (eds.), Armies in Low-Intensity Conflict: A Comparative Analysis (London: Brassey's, 1989), 169–249.Google Scholar

Chickering, R., Förster, S. and Greiner, B., A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945 (Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Chin, W.‘Why Did It All Go Wrong? Reassessing British Counterinsurgency in Iraq’, Strategic Studies Quarterly, 2 (2008), 119–35.Google Scholar

Chin, W.‘The United Kingdom and the War on Terror: The Breakdown of National and Military Strategy’, Contemporary Security Policy, 30 (2009), 125–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clark, I.Waging War: A Philosophical Introduction (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Clayton, A.Counter-Insurgency in Kenya: A Study of Military Operations against Mau Mau (Nairobi: Transafrica Publishers, 1976).Google Scholar

Clayton, A.The British Empire as a Superpower, 1919–39 (London: Macmillan, 1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clayton, A.‘Deceptive Might: Imperial Defence and Security, 1900–1968’, in Louis, W. R., Brown, J. M. and Low, A. (eds.), Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. IV: The Twentieth Century (Oxford University Press, 1999), 280–305.Google Scholar

Clayton, A.The British Officer: Leading the Army from 1660 to the Present (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2006).

Clayton, A. and Killingray, D., Khaki and Blue: Military and Police in British Colonial Africa (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1989).Google Scholar

Cleary, A. S.‘The Myth of Mau Mau in its International Context’, African Affairs, 89 (1990), 227–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clough, M. S.Mau Mau Memoirs: History, Memory, and Politics (London: Lynne Rienner, 1998).Google Scholar

Cohen, E. A.Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen and Leadership in Wartime (London: Simon and Schuster, 2003).Google Scholar

Collett, N.The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer (London: Hambledon and London, 2005).Google Scholar

Connelly, M. and Miller, W.‘British Courts Martial in North Africa, 1940–3’, Twentieth Century British History, 15 (2004), 217–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Corbally, M. J. P. M.‘The Education and Employment of Senior Subalterns’, Army Quarterly, 52 (1946), 223–6.Google Scholar

Cork and Orrery, Earl of, ‘Obedience to Lawful Command’, RUSI Journal, 96 (1951), 258–62.Google Scholar

Corum, J. S. and Johnson, W. R., Airpower in Small Wars: Fighting Insurgents and Terrorists (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2003).Google Scholar

Crang, J.The British Army and the People's War 1939–1945 (Manchester University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Crawford, N. C.‘Individual and Collective Moral Responsibility for Systemic Military Atrocity’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 15 (2007), 187–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawford, W. K. B.‘Training the National Service Army Officer at Eaton Hall’, RUSI Journal, 96 (1951), 134–8.Google Scholar

Creveld, M.‘The Clausewitzian Universe and the Law of War’, Journal of Contemporary History, 26 (1991), 403–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Croft, S.The End of Superpower: British Foreign Office Conceptions of a Changing World, 1945–51 (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1994).Google Scholar

Croft, S., Dorman, A., Rees, W. and Uttley, M., Britain and Defence 1945–2000: A Policy Re-evaluation (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2001).Google Scholar

Cullen, A.‘Key Developments Affecting the Scope of Internal Armed Conflict in International Humanitarian Law’, Military Law Review, 183 (2005), 66–109.Google Scholar

Curtis, M.The Ambiguities of Power: British Foreign Policy since 1945 (London: Zed Books, 1995).Google Scholar

Curtis, M.Web of Deceit: Britain's Real Role in the World (London: Vintage, 2003).Google Scholar

Curtis, M.‘Britain's Real Foreign Policy and the Failure of British Academia’, International Relations, 18 (2004), 275–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Danchev, A.‘The Reckoning: Official Inquiries and the Iraq War’, Intelligence and National Security, 19 (2004), 436–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Danchev, A.‘Accomplicity: Britain, Torture and Terror’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 8 (2006), 587–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Darby, P.British Defence Policy East of Suez 1947–1968 (Oxford University Press, 1973).Google Scholar

Darwin, J.The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830–1970 (Cambridge University Press, 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Detter, I.The Law of War, 2nd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Devereux, D. R.The Formulation of British Defence Policy towards the Middle East, 1948–56 (London: Macmillan, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dewar, M.Brush Fire Wars: Minor Campaigns of the British Army since 1945 (London: Robert Hale, 1990).Google Scholar

Dixon, P.‘Britain's “Vietnam syndrome”? Public Opinion and British Military Intervention from Palestine to Yugoslavia’, Review of International Studies, 26 (2000), 99–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dockrill, M.British Defence since 1945 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988).Google Scholar

Douglas-Home, C.Evelyn Baring: The Last Proconsul (London: Collins, 1978).Google Scholar

Dower, J.War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War (New York: Pantheon Books, 1986).Google Scholar

Draper, G. I. A. D.The Red Cross Conventions (London: Stevens & Sons, 1958).Google Scholar

Draper, G. I. A. D.‘The Place of the Laws of War in Military Instruction’, RUSI Journal, 111 (1966), 189–98.Google Scholar

Draper, G. I. A. D.‘The Ethical and Juridical Status of Constraints in War’, Military Law Review, 55 (1972), 169–85.Google Scholar

Dunbar, N. C. H.‘The Responsibility of Junior Officers to the Laws of War’, RUSI Journal, 97 (1952), 164–76.Google Scholar

Durkheim, E.‘The Normal and the Pathological’, reprinted in Clarke, E. J. and Kelly, D. H. (eds.), Deviant Behaviour: A Text-Reader in the Sociology of Deviance, 6th edn (New York: Worth, 2003), 80–4.Google Scholar

Edgerton, R.Mau Mau: An African Crucible (London: Collier Macmillan, 1989).Google Scholar

Egnell, R.‘Explaining US and British Performance in Complex Expeditionary Operations: The Civil-Military Dimension’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 29 (2006), 1041–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elkins, C.‘The Struggle for Mau Mau Rehabilitation in Late Colonial Kenya’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 33 (2000), 25–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elkins, C.‘Detention and Rehabilitation during the Mau Mau Emergency: The Crisis of Late-colonial Kenya’ (doctoral thesis, Harvard University, 2000).Google Scholar

Elkins, C.Britain's Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya (London: Jonathan Cape, 2005).Google Scholar

Elkins, C.‘Alchemy of Evidence: Mau Mau, the British Empire, and the High Court of Justice’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 39 (2011), 731–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ellis, D.‘The Nandi Protest of 1923 in the Context of African Resistance to Colonial Rule in Kenya’, Journal of African History, 17 (1976), 555–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ellis, J.The Social History of the Machine Gun (London: Pimlico, 1993).Google Scholar

Evans, M.Algeria: France's Undeclared War (Oxford University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Evans, M. M.Encyclopedia of the Boer War, 1899–1902 (Oxford: ABC-Clio, 2000).Google Scholar

Evans, P.Law and Disorder, or Scenes of Life in Kenya (London: Secker and Warburg, 1956).Google Scholar

Falk, R.‘Telford Taylor and the Legacy of Nuremberg’, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 37 (1999), 693–724.Google Scholar

Feaver, P. D.Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations (London: Harvard University Press, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferguson, N.‘Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat’, War in History, 11 (2004), 148–92.Google Scholar

Ferris, J. R.The Evolution of British Strategic Policy, 1919–26 (London: Macmillan, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferris, J. R.‘Power, Strategy, Armed Forces and War’, in Finney, P. (ed.), Palgrave Advances in International History (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2005), 58–79.Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, D.‘Militarism in Ireland, 1900–1922’, in Bartlett, T. and Jeffery, K. (eds.), A Military History of Ireland (Cambridge University Press), 379–406.

Foran, W. R.The Kenya Police 1887–1960 (London: Hale, 1962).Google Scholar

Freeman, M. D. A.Lloyd's Introduction to Jurisprudence. 7th edn (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 2001).Google Scholar

French, D.‘Have the Options Really Changed? British Defence Policy in the Twentieth Century’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 15 (1992), 50–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

French, D.Military Identities: The Regimental System, the British Army, and the British people, c. 1870–2000 (Oxford University Press, 2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

French, D.‘Big Wars and Small Wars between the Wars, 1919–39’, in Strachan, H. (ed.), Big Wars and Small Wars: The British Army and the Lessons of War in the Twentieth Century (London: Routledge, 2006), 36–53.Google Scholar

French, D.‘History and the British Army, 1870–1970: Where Are We and Where Might We Go?’ Keynote lecture given at the ‘Britons at War: New Perspectives’ conference, University of Northampton, 21 April 2006.Google Scholar

French, D.The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967 (Oxford University Press, 2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

French, D.Army, Empire, and Cold War: The British Army and Military Policy, 1945–1971 (Oxford University Press, 2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Furedi, F.‘The Social Composition of the Mau Mau Movement in the White Highlands’, Journal of Peasant Studies, 1 (1974), 486–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Furedi, F.The Mau Mau War in Perspective (London: James Currey, 1989).Google Scholar

Furedi, F.Colonial Wars and the Politics of Third World Nationalism (London: I. B. Tauris, 1994).Google Scholar

Fussell, P.Wartime: Understanding and Behaviour in the Second World War (Oxford University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Garnier, M. A.‘Changing Recruitment Patterns and Organizational Ideology: The Case of a British Military Academy’, Administrative Science Quarterly, 17 (1972), 499–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

George, A. (ed.), Western State Terrorism (London: Polity Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Gilbert, M.Never Despair: Winston S. Churchill 1945–1965 (London: Heinemann, 1988).Google Scholar

Gittings, C. J.‘The Bertrand Stewart Prize Essay, 1949’, The Army Quarterly, 59 (1950), 161–77.Google Scholar

Goldsworthy, D.Colonial Issues in British Politics 1945–1961: From ‘Colonial Development’ to ‘Wind of Change’ (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971).Google Scholar

Gray, C. S.Modern Strategy (Oxford University Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Gray, C. S.Strategy and History: Essays on Theory and Practice (London: Routledge, 2006).Google Scholar

Green, L. C.The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict. 2nd edn (Manchester University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Green, L. C.‘Superior Orders and Command Responsibility’, Military Law Review, 175 (2003), 309–84.Google Scholar

Grenfell, R.‘This Question of Superior Orders’, RUSI Journal, 96 (1951), 263–6.Google Scholar

Grossman, D.On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society (London: Little, Brown and Company, 1996).Google Scholar

Gwynn, C. W.Imperial Policing, 2nd edn (London: Macmillan, 1939).Google Scholar

Hack, K.‘Screwing Down the People: The Malayan Emergency, Decolonisation and Ethnicity’, in Antlöv, H. and Tonnesson, S. (eds.), Imperial Policy and Southeast Asian Nationalism (London: Curzon, 1995), 83–109.Google Scholar

Hack, K.‘“Iron Claws on Malaya”: The Historiography of the Malayan Emergency’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 30 (1999), 99–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hart, P.The I.R.A. and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916–1923 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hart, P.The I.R.A. at War 1916–1923 (Oxford University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Harvey, A. D.‘Who were the Auxiliaries?’, The Historical Journal, 35 (1992), 665–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heather, R. W.‘Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency in Kenya, 1952–56’, Intelligence and National Security, 5 (1990), 57–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heather, R. W. ‘Counterinsurgency and Intelligence in Kenya: 1952–56’ (doctoral thesis, Cambridge University, 1993).

Heather, R. W.‘Of Men and Plans: The Kenya Campaign as Part of the British Counterinsurgency Experience’, Conflict Quarterly, 13 (1993), 17–26.Google Scholar

Hennessy, P.The Prime Minister: The Office and its Holders since 1945 (London: Allen Lane, 2000).Google Scholar

Hennessy, P.Having It So Good: Britain in the Fifties (London: Allen Lane, 2006).Google Scholar

Hickman, T.The Call-Up: A History of National Service (London: Headline, 2004).Google Scholar

Hoffman, B. and Taw, J. M., Defense Policy and Low-Intensity Conflict: The Development of Britain's ‘Small Wars’ Doctrine during the 1950s (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1991).Google Scholar

Holden Reid, B.‘Introduction: Is There a British Military “Philosophy”?’, in Mackenzie, J. J. G. and Reid, B. Holden (eds.), Central Region vs. Out-of-area: Future Commitments (London: Tri-Service, 1990), 1–16.Google Scholar

Holland, R.‘Britain, Commonwealth and the End of Empire’, in Bogdanor, V. (ed.), The British Constitution in the Twentieth Century (Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2003).Google Scholar

Holman, D.Elephants at Sundown: The Story of Bill Woodley (London: W. H. Allen, 1978).Google Scholar

Holmes, R.Acts of War: The Behaviour of Men in Battle (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2003).Google Scholar

Hopkinson, M.The Irish War of Independence (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 2002).Google Scholar

Howard, M.‘Civil-Military Relations in Great Britain and the United States, 1945–1958’, Political Science Quarterly, 75 (1960), 35–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howard, M.‘The Use and Abuse of Military History’, RUSI Journal, 107 (1962), 4–10.Google Scholar

Howard, M.War and the Liberal Conscience (London: Temple Smith, 1978).Google Scholar

Howard, M., Andreopoulos, G. J. and Shulman, M. R. (eds.), The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World (London: Yale University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Howe, S.Anticolonialism in British Politics: The Left and the End of Empire, 1918–1964 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hudson, W. M.‘Book Reviews. “Obeying Orders: Atrocity, Military Discipline and the Law of War”’, Military Law Review, 161 (1999), 225–36.Google Scholar

Hughes, M.‘The Banality of Brutality: British Armed Forces and the Repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39’, English Historical Review, 124 (2009), 313–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hughes, M.‘A History of Violence: The Shooting in Jerusalem of British Assistant Police Superintendent Alan Sigrist, 12 June 1936’, Journal of Contemporary History, 45 (2010), 725–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huntington, S. P.The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations (London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Hyam, R.Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation, 1918–1968 (Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Jackson, R., Murphy, E. and Poynting, S. (eds.), Contemporary State Terrorism: Theory and Practice (Abingdon: Routledge, 2009).Google Scholar

Jacobsen, M.‘“Only by the Sword”: British Counter-Insurgency in Iraq, 1920’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 2 (1991), 323–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jakobsen, P. J.‘Pushing the Limits of Military Coercion Theory’, International Studies Perspectives, 12 (2011), 153–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

James, L.Warrior Race. A History of the British at War from Roman Times to the Present (London: Abacus, 2002).Google Scholar

Janowitz, M.The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait (London: Collier-Macmillan, 1960).Google Scholar

Jeffery, K.‘The British Army and Internal Security 1919–1939’, The Historical Journal, 24 (1981), 377–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jeffery, K.The British Army and the Crisis of Empire 1918–22 (Manchester University Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Jeffery, K.‘Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency Operations: Some Reflections on the British Experience’, Intelligence and National Security, 2 (1987), 118–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jeffery, K.‘Colonial Warfare 1900–39’, in McInnes, C. J. and Sheffield, G. (eds.), Warfare in the Twentieth Century: Theory and Practice (London: Unwin Hyman, 1988), 24–50.Google Scholar

Jenkins, R.Churchill (London: Macmillan, 2001).Google Scholar

Jochnick, C. A. and Normand, R., ‘The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical History of the Laws of War’, Harvard International Law Journal, 35 (1994), 49–95.Google Scholar

Joes, A. J.Resisting Rebellion: The History and Politics of Counterinsurgency (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2004).Google Scholar

Johnson, F. A.Defence by Committee: The British Committee of Imperial Defence 1885–1959 (Oxford University Press, 1960).Google Scholar

Johnson, J. T.Can Modern War Be Just? (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Jones, A. (ed.), Genocide, War Crimes and the West: History and Complicity (London: Zed Books, 2004).Google Scholar

Jones, P. D.‘Nazi Atrocities against Allied Airmen: Stalag Luft III and the End of British War Crimes Trials’, The Historical Journal, 41 (1998), 543–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jones, T.‘The British Army, and Counter-Guerrilla Warfare in Transition, 1944–1952’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 7 (1996), 265–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Judd, D. and Surridge, K., The Boer War (London: John Murray, 2003).Google Scholar

Kanogo, T.Squatters and the Roots of Mau Mau 1905–63 (London: James Currey, 1987).Google Scholar

Kassimeris, G. (ed.), The Barbarisation of Warfare (London: Hurst, 2006).Google Scholar

Kassimeris, G.The Warrior's Dishonour: Barbarity and Morality in Modern Warfare (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006).Google Scholar

Kelly, J. B.‘Legal Aspects of Military Operations in Counterinsurgency’, Military Law Review, 21 (1963), 95–122.Google Scholar

Kennedy, D.‘Constructing the Colonial Myth of Mau Mau’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 25 (1992), 241–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kerr, R.‘A Force for Good? War, Crime and Legitimacy: The British Army in Iraq’, Defense and Security Analysis, 24 (2008), 401–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kerr, R.The Military on Trial: The British Army in Iraq (Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers, 2008).Google Scholar

Kershaw, G.Mau Mau from Below (Oxford: James Currey, 1997).Google Scholar

Kiernan, V. G.Colonial Empires and Armies 1815–1960 (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1998).Google Scholar

Killingray, D.‘The Idea of a British Imperial African Army’, Journal of African History, 20 (1979), 421–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Killingray, D.‘“A Swift Agent of Government”: Air Power in British Colonial Africa, 1916–1939’, Journal of African History, 25 (1984), 429–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Killingray, D.‘The Maintenance of Law and Order in British Colonial Africa’, African Affairs, 85 (1986), 411–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Killingray, D.‘Race and Rank in the British Army in the Twentieth Century’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 10 (1987), 276–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Killingray, D.‘“The Rod of Empire”: The Debate over Corporal Punishment in the British African Colonial Forces, 1888–1946’, Journal of African History, 35 (1994), 201–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kitson, F.Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency, Peace-keeping (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1971).Google Scholar

Kudaisya, G.‘“In Aid of Civil Power”: The Colonial Army in Northern India, c.1919–42’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 32 (2004), 41–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kyle, K.The Politics of the Independence of Kenya (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lathbury, G.Foreword in Meinertzhagen, R., Kenya Diary 1902–1906 (London: Welbeck Street, 1957), vii–viii.Google Scholar

Leakey, L. S. B.Mau Mau and the Kikuyu (London: Methuen, 1952).Google Scholar

Leeson, D. M.The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence (Oxford University Press, 2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levene, M. and Roberts, P. (eds.), The Massacre in History (Oxford: Berghahn, 1999).Google Scholar

Lewis, J.‘“Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Mau Mau”: The British Popular Press and the Demoralization of Empire’, in Odhiambo, E. S. Atieno and Lonsdale, J. (eds.), Mau Mau and Nationhood: Arms, Authority and Narration (Oxford: James Currey, 2003), 227–50.Google Scholar

Lewis, J. and Murphy, P., ‘The Old Pals' Protection Society? The Colonial Office and the British Press on the Eve of Decolonisation’, in Kaul, C. (ed.), Media and the British Empire (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), 55–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lloyd, N.The Amritsar Massacre: The Untold Story of One Fateful Day (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011).Google Scholar

Lonsdale, J.‘Mau Maus of the Mind: Making Mau Mau and Remaking Kenya’, Journal of African History, 31 (1990), 393–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lonsdale, J.‘Kenya: Home County and African Frontier’ in Bickers, R. (ed.), Settlers and Expatriates: Britons over the Seas (Oxford University Press, 2010), 74–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lopez, L.‘Uncivil Wars: The Challenge of Applying International Humanitarian Law to Internal Armed Conflicts’, New York University Law Review, 69 (1994), 916–62.Google Scholar

Lovell-Knight, A. V.The Story of the Royal Military Police (London: Leo Cooper, 1977).Google Scholar

Lowry, D. (ed.), The South African War Reappraised (Manchester University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Lynn, J. A. ‘Patterns of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency’, Military Review (July-August 2005), 22–7.

MacKenzie, S. P.Politics and Military Morale: Current-affairs and Citizenship Education in the British Army, 1914–1950 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Majdalany, F.State of Emergency: The Full Story of Mau Mau (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1963).Google Scholar

Malanczuk, P.Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law. 7th rev. edn (London: Routledge, 1997).Google Scholar

Maloba, W.Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of a Peasant Revolt (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Tse-Tung, Mao, On Guerrilla Warfare. Translated and introduced by Samuel B. Griffith (New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1978).Google Scholar

Marshall, S. L. A.Men against Fire: The Problem of Battle Command (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press 2000).Google Scholar

Matson, A. T.Nandi Resistance to British Rule 1890–1906 (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1972).Google Scholar

McCoubrey, H.‘From Nuremberg to Rome: Restoring the Defence of Superior Orders’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 50 (2001), 386–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McInnes, C. J.Hot War, Cold War: The British Army's Way in Warfare 1945–95 (London: Brassey's, 1996).Google Scholar

McInnes, C. J.‘The British Army's New Way in Warfare: A Doctrinal Misstep?’, Defence and Security Analysis, 23 (2007), 127–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, S. M.‘Duty or Crime? Defining Acceptable Behaviour in the British Army in South Africa, 1899–1902’, Journal of British Studies, 49 (2010), 311–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mockaitis, T. R.British Counterinsurgency, 1919–60 (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mockaitis, T. R.‘Minimum Force, British Counter-Insurgency and the Mau Mau Rebellion: A Reply’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 3 (1992), 87–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mockaitis, T. R.‘Low-Intensity Conflict: the British Experience’, Conflict Quarterly, 13 (1993), 7–16.Google Scholar

Mockaitis, T. R.‘Winning Hearts and Minds in the “War on Terrorism”’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 14 (2003), 21–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moir, L.The Law of Internal Armed Conflict (Cambridge University Press, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moreman, T. R.‘“Small Wars” and “Imperial Policing”: The British Army and the Theory and Practice of Colonial Warfare in the British Empire, 1919–1939’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 19 (1996), 105–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moreman, T. R.The Army in India and the Development of Frontier Warfare, 1849–1947 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morgan, K. O.‘Imperialists at Bay: British Labour and Decolonization’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 27 (1999), 233–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moyse-Bartlett, H.The King's African Rifles: A Study in the Military History of East and Central Africa, 1890–1945 (Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1956).Google Scholar

Mulligan, W.‘Review Article: Total War’, War in History, 15 (2008), 211–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mumford, A.‘Unnecessary or Unsung? The Utilisation of Airpower in Britain's Colonial Counterinsurgencies’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 20 (2009), 636–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murphy, P.Party Politics and Decolonization: The Conservative Party and British Colonial Policy in Tropical Africa, 1951–1964 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murphy, P.Alan Lennox-Boyd: A Biography (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999).Google Scholar

Nagl, J. A.Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife (London: Praeger, 2002).Google Scholar

Nagl, J. A.Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam (London: University of Chicago Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Narain, S.The Historiography of the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre (South Godstone: Spantech and Lancer, 1998).Google Scholar

Nasson, B.‘Waging Total War in South Africa: Some Centenary Writings on the Anglo-Boer War’, Journal of Military History, 66 (2002), 813–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neiberg, M. S.‘War and Society’, in Hughes, M. and Philpott, W. J. (eds.), Palgrave Advances in Modern Military History (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006), 42–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Newbery, S.‘Intelligence and Controversial British Interrogation Techniques: The Northern Ireland Case, 1971–2’, Irish Studies in International Affairs, 20 (2009), 103–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Newsinger, J.‘Revolt and Repression in Kenya: The “Mau Mau” Rebellion, 1952–1960’, Science and Society, 45 (1981), 159–85.Google Scholar

Newsinger, J.‘A Counter-insurgency Tale: Kitson in Kenya’, Race and Class, 31 (1990), 61–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Newsinger, J.‘Minimum Force, British Counter-Insurgency and the Mau Mau Rebellion’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 3 (1992), 47–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Newsinger, J.British Counterinsurgency: From Palestine to Northern Ireland (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002).Google Scholar

Newsinger, J.‘English Atrocities’, New Left Review, 32 (2005), 153–60.Google Scholar

Nissimi, H.‘Illusions of World Power in Kenya: Strategy, Decolonization, and the British Base, 1946–1961’, International History Review, 23 (2001), 824–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Newsinger, J.‘Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya’, Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 8 (2006), 1–35.Google Scholar

Norris, J.‘Repression and Rebellion: Britain's Response to the Arab Revolt in Palestine of 1936–39’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 36 (2008), 25–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norton, P. (ed.), Dissension in the House of Commons: Intra-Party Dissent in the House of Commons' Division Lobbies 1945–1974 (London: Macmillan, 1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O'Brien, W. V.‘The Rule of Law in Small Wars’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 541 (1995), 36–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O'Connell, D. P.‘The Nature of British Military Law’, Military Law Review, 19 (1963), 141–55.Google Scholar

Ó Dochartaigh, N.‘Bloody Sunday: Error or Design?’, Contemporary British History, 24 (2010), 89–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ogot, B. A.‘Review Article: Britain's Gulag’, Journal of African History, 46 (2005), 493–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ogot, B. A. and Ochieng, W. R. (eds.), Decolonization and Independence in Kenya, 1940–93 (London: James Currey, 1995).Google Scholar

Omissi, D.‘Britain, the Assyrians and the Iraq Levies, 1919–1932’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 17 (1989), 301–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Omissi, D.Air Power and Colonial Control: The Royal Air Force 1919–1939 (Manchester University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Omissi, D.‘Technology and Repression: Air Control in Palestine 1922–36’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 13 (1990), 41–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Omissi, D.The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860–1940 (London: Macmillan, 1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oppenheim, L.International Law: A Treatise. Vol. II: Disputes, War and Neutrality. 7th edn, revised and edited by Lauterpacht, H. (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1952).Google Scholar

Osiel, M. J.‘Obeying Orders: Atrocity, Military Discipline, and the Law of War’, California Law Review, 86 (1998), 1–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Otley, C. B.‘The Social Origins of British Army Officers’, Sociological Review, 18 (1970), 213–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Otley, C. B.‘The Educational Background of British Army Officers’, Sociology, 7 (1973), 191–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Otley, C. B.‘Militarism and Militarization in the Public Schools, 1900–1972’, British Journal of Sociology, 29 (1978), 321–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Overy, R.Interrogations: Inside the Minds of the Nazi Elite (London: Penguin, 2002).Google Scholar

Overy, R.‘The Nuremberg Trials: International Law in the Making’, in Sands, P. (ed.), From Nuremberg to The Hague: The Future of International Criminal Justice (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 1–29.Google Scholar

Page, M.A History of the King's African Rifles and East African Forces (London: Leo Cooper, 1998).Google Scholar

Paget, J.Counter-insurgency Campaigning (London: Faber and Faber, 1967).Google Scholar

Pakenham, T.The Boer War (London: Abacus, 2003).Google Scholar

Pal, D.‘Limits to Obedience’, Army Quarterly, 72 (1956), 81–3.Google Scholar

Parker, I.The Last Colonial Regiment: The History of the Kenya Regiment (T.F.) (Kinloss: Librario Publishing, 2009).Google Scholar

Parsons, T.‘Book Review: David Anderson. Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire; Caroline Elkins. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya’, American Historical Review, 110 (2005), 1295–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Parsons, T. H.The African Rank-and-file: Social Implications of Colonial Military Service in the King's African Rifles, 1902–1964 (Oxford: James Currey, 1999).Google Scholar

Paxman, J.The English: A Portrait of a People (London: Michael Joseph, 1998).Google Scholar

Percox, D. A.‘British Counter-Insurgency in Kenya, 1952–56: Extension of Internal Security Policy or Prelude to Decolonisation?’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 9 (1998), 46–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Percox, D. A.‘Internal Security and Decolonization in Kenya, 1956–63’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 29 (2001), 92–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Percox, D. A.‘Mau Mau and the Arming of the State’, in Odhiambo, E. S. Atieno and Lonsdale, J. (eds.), Mau Mau and Nationhood: Arms, Authority and Narration (Oxford: James Currey, 2003), 121–54.Google Scholar

Percox, D. A.Britain, Kenya and the Cold War: Imperial Defence, Colonial Security and Decolonisation (London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2004).Google Scholar

Peterson, D. R.‘The Intellectual Lives of Mau Mau Detainees’, Journal of African History, 49 (2008), 73–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pimlott, J.‘The British Army: The Dhofar Campaign, 1970–1975’, in Beckett, I. F. W. and Pimlott, J. (eds.), Armed Forces and Modern Counter-Insurgency (London: Croom Helm, 1985), 16–45.Google Scholar

Popplewell, R.‘“Lacking Intelligence”: Some Reflections on Recent Approaches to British Counter-Insurgency, 1900–1960’, Intelligence and National Security, 10 (1995), 336–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Presley, C. A.‘The Mau Mau Rebellion, Kikuyu Women, and Social Change’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 22 (1988), 502–27.Google Scholar

Presley, C. A.Kikuyu Women, the Mau Mau Rebellion, and Social Change in Kenya (Oxford: Westview Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Priya, S.‘The Defense of Inhumanity: Air Control and the British Idea of Arabia’, American Historical Review, 111 (2006), 16–51.Google Scholar

Rabkin, J.‘Nuremberg Misremembered’, SAIS Review, 19 (1999), 81–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Raghavan, S.‘Protecting the Raj: The Army in India and Internal Security, c. 1919–39’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 16 (2005), 253–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ramakrishna, K.Emergency Propaganda: The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds 1948–1958 (Richmond: Curzon Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Rangwala, G.‘Counter-Insurgency amid Fragmentation: The British in Southern Iraq’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 32 (2009), 495–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rant, J. W.Courts-Martial Handbook: Practice and Procedure (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1998).Google Scholar

Ratner, S. R. and Abrams, J. S., Accountability for Human Rights Atrocities in International Law: Beyond the Nuremberg Legacy (Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Rawcliffe, D. H.The Struggle for Kenya (London: Victor Gollancz, 1954).Google Scholar

Razzell, P. E.‘Social Origins of Officers in the Indian and British Home Army: 1758–1962’, British Journal of Sociology, 14 (1963), 248–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reis, B.‘The Myth of British Minimum Force in Counterinsurgency Campaigns during Decolonisation (1945–70)’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 34 (2011), 245–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reynolds, D.Britannia Overruled: British Foreign Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century (London: Longman, 1991).Google Scholar

Roberts, A.‘The British Armed Forces and Politics: A Historical Perspective’, Armed Forces and Society, 3 (1977), 531–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, A.‘Doctrine and Reality in Afghanistan’, Survival, 51 (2009), 29–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, A. and Guelff, R. (eds.) Documents on the Laws of War. 3rd edn (Oxford University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Rogers, A. P. V.‘War Crimes Trials under the Royal Warrant: British Practice 1945–1949’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 39 (1990), 780–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rogers, A. P. V.Law on the Battlefield. 2nd edn (Manchester University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Rosberg, C. G. and Nottingham, J., The Myth of ‘Mau Mau’: Nationalism in Kenya (London: Pall Mall Press, 1966).Google Scholar

Rose, E.‘The Anatomy of Mutiny’, Armed Forces and Society, 8 (1982), 561–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosecrance, R. N.Defense of the Realm: British Strategy in the Nuclear Epoch (London: Columbia University Press, 1968).Google Scholar

Roy, K.‘Coercion through Leniency: British Manipulation of the Courts-Martial System in the Post-Mutiny Indian Army, 1859–1913’, Journal of Military History, 65 (2001), 937–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Royle, T.National Service: The Best Years of Their Lives (London: André Deutsch, 2002).Google Scholar

Rubin, G. R.‘Courts Martial from Bad Nenndorf (1948) to Osnabrück (2005)’, RUSI Journal, 150 (2005), 52–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rubin, G. R.Murder, Mutiny and the Military: British Court Martial Cases, 1940–1966 (London: Francis Boutle, 2005).Google Scholar

Santoru, M. E.‘The Colonial Idea of Women and Direct Intervention: The Mau Mau Case’, African Affairs, 95 (1996), 253–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Satia, P.‘The Defense of Inhumanity: Air Control and the British Idea of Arabia’, American Historical Review, 111 (2006), 16–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sayer, D.‘British Reaction to the Amritsar Massacre 1919–1920’, Past and Present, 131 (1991), 130–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scheipers, S. (ed.) Prisoners in War (Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar

Schmoeckel, M.‘Review of Best, “War and Law since 1945” and Andreopolous “The Laws of War”’, Journal of Modern History, 69 (1997), 570–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scott, L. V.Conscription and the Attlee Governments: The Politics and Policy of National Service 1945–1951 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shaw, M.War and Genocide: Organized Killing in Modern Society (Oxford: Polity Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Sheehan, W.A Hard Local War: The British Army and the Guerrilla War in Cork, 1919–1921 (Stroud: The History Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Sheffield, G. D.Leadership in the Trenches: Officer–Man Relations, Morale and Discipline in the British Army in the Era of the First World War (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shephard, B.A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists 1914–1994 (London: Pimlico, 2002).Google Scholar

Shoul, S. ‘In Aid of the Civil Power: The British Army's Riot Control Operations in India, Egypt, and Palestine, 1919–1939’, paper presented at the ‘Britons at War: New Perspectives’ conference, University of Northampton, 21 April 2006.

Shoul, S. ‘Soldiers, Riots, and Aid to the Civil Power, in India, Egypt and Palestine, 1919–1939’ (doctoral thesis, University College London, 2006).

Shoul, S.‘Soldiers, Riot Control and Aid to the Civil Power in India, Egypt and Palestine, 1919–39’, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 346 (2008), 120–39.Google Scholar

Simpson, A. W. B.Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention (Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Singh, N.The Defence Mechanism of the Modern State: A Study of the Politico-Military Set-up of National and International Organisations with Special Reference to the Chiefs of Staff Committee (New York: Asia Publishing House, 1964).Google Scholar

Smith, H. A.‘The Defence of Superior Orders’, RUSI Journal, 96 (1951), 617–19.Google Scholar

Smith, J. H.‘Njama's Supper: The Consumption and Use of Literary Potency by Mau Mau Insurgents in Colonial Kenya’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40 (1998), 524–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, L. V.Between Mutiny and Obedience: The Case of the French Fifth Infantry Division during World War I (Princeton University Press, 1994).Google Scholar

Smith, M. L. R.‘Guerrillas in the Mist: Reassessing Strategy and Low Intensity Warfare’, Review of International Studies, 29 (2003), 19–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, P. (ed.), Government and the Armed Forces in Britain 1856–1990 (London: Hambledon Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Snyder, W. P.The Politics of British Defense Policy, 1945–1962 (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1964).Google Scholar

Sorrenson, M. P. K.Land Reform in the Kikuyu Country: A Study in Government Policy (Oxford University Press, 1967).Google Scholar

Spiers, E. M.The Late Victorian Army 1868–1902 (Manchester University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Strachan, H.The Politics of the British Army (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Strachan, H.‘Total War in the Twentieth Century’, in Marwick, A., Emsley, C. and Simpson, W. (eds.), Total War and Historical Change: Europe 1914–1955 (Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001), 255–83.Google Scholar

Strachan, H.‘Making Strategy: Civil-Military Relations after Iraq’, Survival, 48 (2006), 59–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strachan, H.‘Training, Morale and Modern War’, Journal of Contemporary History, 41 (2006), 211–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strachan, H. (ed.), Big Wars and Small Wars: The British Army and the Lessons of War in the Twentieth Century (London: Routledge, 2006).Google Scholar

Steppler, G. A.‘British Military Law, Discipline, and the Conduct of Regimental Courts Martial in the Later Eighteenth Century’, English Historical Review, 102 (1987), 859–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stewart, J. G.‘Towards a Single Definition of Armed Conflict in International Humanitarian Law: A Critique of Internationalized Armed Conflict’, International Review of the Red Cross, 85 (2003), 313–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stone, D.‘The Domestication of Violence: Forging a Collective Memory of the Holocaust in Britain, 1945–6’, Patterns of Prejudice, 33 (1999), 13–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stubbs, R.Hearts and Minds in Guerrilla Warfare: The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960 (Oxford University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

Surridge, K.‘“All you soldiers are what we call pro-Boer”: The Military Critique of the South African War, 1899–1902’, History, 82 (1997), 591–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Surridge, K.‘Rebellion, Martial Law and British Civil-Military Relations: The War in Cape Colony 1899–1902’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 8 (1997), 35–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tamarkin, M.‘Mau Mau in Nakuru’, Journal of African History, 17 (1976), 119–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thompson, A.The Empire Strikes Back? The Impact of Imperialism on Britain from the Mid-Nineteenth Century (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2005).Google Scholar

Thompson, J. (ed.), The Imperial War Museum Book of Modern Warfare: British and Commonwealth Forces at War 1945–2000 (London: Pan Books/Imperial War Museum, 2003).Google Scholar

Thompson, R.Defeating Communist Insurgency: Experiences from Malaya and Vietnam (London: Chatto and Windus, 1966).Google Scholar

Thornton, A. P.The Imperial Idea and its Enemies: A Study in British Power (London: Macmillan, 1959).Google Scholar

Thornton, R.‘Understanding the Cultural Bias of a Military Organization and its Effect on the Process of Change: A Comparative Analysis of the Reaction of the British and United States Armies to the Demands of Post-Cold War Peace Support Operations in the Period, 1989–1999’ (doctoral thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001).Google Scholar

Thornton, R.‘The British Army and the Origins of its Minimum Force Philosophy’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 15 (2004), 83–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thornton, R.‘“Minimum Force”: A Reply to Huw Bennett’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 20 (2009), 215–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Throup, D. W.Economic and Social Origins of Mau Mau 1945–53 (London: James Currey, 1987).Google Scholar

Throup, D. W.‘Crime, Politics and the Police in Colonial Kenya, 1939–63’, in Anderson, D. M. and Killingray, D. (eds.), Policing and Decolonisation: Politics, Nationalism and the Police, 1917–65 (Manchester University Press, 1992), 127–58.Google Scholar

Tidrick, K.Empire and the English Character (London: I. B. Tauris, 1990).Google Scholar

Towle, P.Pilots and Rebels: The Use of Aircraft in Unconventional Warfare 1918–1988 (London: Brassey's, 1989).Google Scholar

Townshend, C.The British Campaign in Ireland 1919–1921: The Development of Political and Military Policies (Oxford University Press, 1975).Google Scholar

Townshend, C.Britain's Civil Wars: Counterinsurgency in the Twentieth Century (London: Faber and Faber, 1986).Google Scholar

Tusa, A. and Tusa, J., Nuremberg Trial (London: BBC Books, 1995).Google Scholar

Valentino, B. A.Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century (London: Cornell University Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Vandervort, B.Wars of Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830–1914 (London: UCL Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Wade, D. A. L.‘A Survey of the Trials of War Criminals’, RUSI Journal, 96 (1951), 66–70.Google Scholar

Waller, J.Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing (Oxford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar

Walton, C.‘British Intelligence and Threats to National Security, c. 1941–1951’ (doctoral dissertation, Cambridge University, 2006).Google Scholar

Walzer, M.Just and Unjust Wars. A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 2000).Google Scholar

Warhurst, F.‘Training Army Officers’, Army Quarterly, 52 (1946), 252–61.Google Scholar

Weaver, L.‘The Kenya Regiment’, in Page, M., A History of the King's African Rifles and East African Forces (London: Leo Cooper, 1998), 239–49.Google Scholar

Weitz, E. D.A Century of Genocide: Utopias of Race and Nation (Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Wessels, A.‘Afrikaners at War’, in Gooch, J. (ed.), The Boer War: Direction, Experience and Image (London: Frank Cass, 2000), 73–106.Google Scholar

White, L.‘Separating the Men from the Boys: Constructions of Gender, Sexuality, and Terrorism in Central Kenya, 1939–1959’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 23 (1990), 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

White, V. C.The Story of Army Education 1643–1963 (London: George G. Harrap, 1963).Google Scholar

Wilkinson, P.State Terrorism and Human Rights: International Responses since the Cold War (Abingdon: Routledge, 2011).Google Scholar

Wylie, N.‘Prisoners of War in the Era of Total War’, War in History, 13 (2006), 217–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zimbardo, P.The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil (London: Rider, 2009).Google Scholar

Zugbach, R. G. L.Power and Prestige in the British Army (Aldershot: Avebury, 1988).Google Scholar