Multicultural policy in Australia was developed by the Immigration Department, by most State governments and by individuals and groups involved in immigrant affairs. It remained within the Immigration portfolio from 1975 until 1987 and was returned to it in 1996. At the State level, where immigration is not a government function, it usually rested with the premier's office. It has not been essentially concerned with ‘culture’ in the conventional sense, so much as with immigrant settlement services. Not until 1989 were Aboriginal issues brought under the multicultural umbrella, and not until 2001 was Indigenous policy brought within the scope of the Immigration Department, which was renamed the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA). This acknowledged the responsibility for Aboriginal reconciliation transferred to the minister, Philip Ruddock, some months before. Aboriginal affairs were transferred to Family and Community Services in 2005, but an office of Indigenous Policy Coordination remained in the Immigration Department. A minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs was appointed by the Howard government in 2005. Responsibility for multiculturalism was then undertaken by a junior minister, Gary Hardgrave, who was later replaced by Andrew Robb. The Labor shadow ministry also separated immigration from multiculturalism in 2001. These changes mark a shift towards concern with national cohesion in the face of terrorism and a shift in Aboriginal policy away from self-determination.