White, R, Murray, S, Rohweder, M. Pilot analysis of global ecosystems: grassland ecosystems technical report. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute; 2000.Google Scholar

Gibson, DJ. Grasses and grassland ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.Google Scholar

Allen, VG, Batello, C, Berretta, EJ, Hodgson, J, Kothmann, M, Li, X, et al. An international terminology for grazing lands and grazing animals. Grass and Forage Science. 2011;66(1):2–28.Google Scholar

Dixon, AP, Faber-Langendoen, D, Josse, C, Morrison, J, Loucks, CJ. Distribution mapping of world grassland types. Journal of Biogeography. 2014;41:2003–19.Google Scholar

Lewis Smith, RI. Vascular plants as bioindicators of regional warming in Antartica. Oecologia. 1994;99:322–8.Google Scholar

Pertierra, LR, Lara, F, Benayas, J, Hughes, KA. Poa pratensis L., current status of the longest-established non-native vascular plant in the Antarctic. Polar Biology. 2013;36:1473–81.Google Scholar

World Resources 2000–2001. People and ecosystems: the fraying web of life. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme, The United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Bank; 2000.Google Scholar

Ellis, EC, Ramankutty, N. Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2008;6:439–47.Google Scholar

Grace, J, Meir, P, Malhi, Y. Keeping track of carbon flows between biosphere and atmosphere. In: Press, MC, Huntly, NJ, Levin, S, editors. Ecology: achievement and challenge. Symposia of The British Ecological Society. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2001. pp. 249–69.Google Scholar

O’Mara, FP. The role of grasslands in food security and climate change. Annals of Botany. 2012;110(6):1263–70.Google Scholar

Bardgett, RD, Gibson, DJ. Plant ecological solutions to global food security. Journal of Ecology. 2017;105(4):1–4.Google Scholar

Morgan, JA. Rising atmospheric CO₂ and global climate change: management implications for grazing lands. In: Reynolds, SG, Frame, J, editors. Grasslands: developments opportunities perspectives. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, Inc.; 2005. pp. 235–60.Google Scholar

IPCC. Annex I: Atlas of global and regional climate projections. In: van Oldenborgh, GJ, Collins, M, Arblaster, J, Christensen, JH, Marotzke, J, et al., editors. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, TF, Qin, D, Plattner, G-K, Tignor, M, Allen, SK, Boschung, J, et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.Google Scholar

Wulf, A. The invention of nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World. London: John Murray; 2015.Google Scholar

Belesky, D, Malinowski, D. Grassland communities in the USA and expected trends associated with climate change. Acta Agrobotanica. 2016;69(2):1673.Google Scholar

Program USGCR. National Climate Assessment. http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/. 2014.Google Scholar

Travers, SE, Marquardt, B, Zerr, NJ, Finch, JB, Boche, MJ, Wilk, R, et al. Climate change and shifting arrival date of migratory birds over a century in the northern Great Plains. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 2015;127:43–51.Google Scholar

Newman, JA, Abner, ML, Dado, RG, Gibson, DJ, Hickman, A. Effects of elevated CO₂ on the tall fescue-endophytic fungus interaction: growth, photosynthesis, chemical composition and digestibility. Global Change Biology. 2003;9:425–37.Google Scholar

Karl, TR, Melilo, JM, Peterson, TC, editors. Global climate change impacts in the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009.Google Scholar

Australian Government DotE. Climate Change in Australia, 2007–2016 [Available from: www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/].Google Scholar

Huntley, B, Barnard, P. Potential impacts of climatic change on southern African birds of fynbos and grassland biodiversity hotspots. Diversity and Distributions. 2012;18(8):769–81.Google Scholar

Trnka, M, Bartošová, L, Schaumberger, A, Ruget, F, Eitzinger, J, Formayer, H, et al., editors. Climate change and impact on European grasslands. Grassland farming and land management systems in mountainous regions. Proceedings of the 16th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Gumpenstein, Austria, 29–31 August, 2011. Raumberg-Gumpenstein: Agricultural Research and Education Center (AREC); 2011.Google Scholar

Rounsevell, MDA, Ewert, F, Reginster, I, Leemans, R, Carter, TR. Future scenarios of European agricultural land use. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2005;107(2):117–35.Google Scholar

Gordon, C, Cooper, C, Senior, CA, Banks, H, Gregory, JM, Johns, TC, et al. The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dynamics. 2000;16(2):147–68.Google Scholar

Coffin, DP, Lauenroth, WK. Transient responses of North American grasslands to changes in climate. Climate Change. 1996;34:269–78.Google Scholar

Gaziulusoy, AI, Ryan, C, McGrail, S, Chandler, P, Twomey, P. Identifying and addressing challenges faced by transdisciplinary research teams in climate change research. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016;123:55–64.Google Scholar

Ebi, KL, Hallegatte, S, Kram, T, Arnell, NW, Carter, TR, Edmonds, J, et al. A new scenario framework for climate change research: background, process, and future directions. Climatic Change. 2014;122(3):363–72.Google Scholar

Ojima, D, Steiner, J, McNeeley, S, Cozzetto, K, Childress, A. Great Plains Regional Technical Input Report. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.Google Scholar

United Nations. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 1998.Google Scholar

Sathaye, J, Meyers, S. Rangelands and grasslands. Greenhouse gas mitigation assessment: a guidebook. New York, NY: Springer; 1995. pp. 211–26.Google Scholar

Conant, RT. Challenges and opportunities for carbon sequestration in grassland systems. Rome: FAO; 2010.Google Scholar

Valada, T, Teixeira, R, Martins, H, Ribeiro, M, Domingo, T. Grassland management options under Kyoto Protocol Article 3.4. The Portuguese case study. In: Acar, Z, López-Francos, A, Porqueddu, C, editors. New approaches for grassland research in a context of climate and socio-economic changes. Options Méditerranéennes: Série A Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 102. Zaragoza: CIHEAM; 2012. pp. 53–6.Google Scholar

Gifford, RM. Carbon sequestration in Australian grasslands: policy and technical issues. In: Abberton, M, Conant, R, Batello, C, editors. Grassland carbon sequestration: management, policy and economics. Integrated Crop Management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2010. pp. 33–56.Google Scholar

Amézquita, MC, Murgueitio, E, Ibrahim, M, Ramírez, B. Carbon sequestration in pasture and silvopastoral systems compared with native forests in ecosystems of tropical America. In: Abberton, M, Conant, R, Batello, C, editors. Grassland carbon sequestration: management, policy and economics. Integrated Crop Management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2010. pp. 152–61.Google Scholar

Ibrahim, M, Guerra, L, Casasola, F, Neely, C. Importance of silvopastoral systems for mitigation of climate change and harnessing of environmental benefits. In: Abberton, M, Conant, R, Batello, C, editors. Grassland carbon sequestration: management, policy and economics. Integrated Crop Management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2010. pp. 188–96.Google Scholar

Pokhrel, KP. Grassland management for climate change adaptation and watershed protection in Karnali watershed area. Journal of Biodiversity & Engangered Species. 2016;4(3):171. doi:10.4172/2332-543.1000171.Google Scholar

Wilkes, A, Tennigkeit, T. Carbon finance in extensively managed rangelands: issues in project, programmatic and sectoral approaches. In: Abberton, M, Conant, R, Batello, C, editors. Grassland carbon sequestration: management, policy and economics. Integrated Crop Management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2010. pp. 211–33.Google Scholar

Ogle, SM, Conant, RT, Paustian, K. Deriving grassland management factors for a carbon accounting method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Environmental Management. 2004;33(4):474–84.Google Scholar

Villarino, SH, Studdert, GA, Laterra, P, Cendoya, MG. Agricultural impact on soil organic carbon content: testing the IPCC carbon accounting method for evaluations at county scale. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2014;185:118–32.Google Scholar

Kane, S, Shogren, JF. Linking adaptation and mitigation in climate change policy. Climatic Change. 2000;45(1):75–102.Google Scholar

Hopkins, A, Del Prado, A. Implications of climate change for grassland in Europe: impacts, adaptations and mitigation options: a review. Grass and Forage Science. 2007;62(2):118–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar