The chapter examines how the course of the war influenced Greek collaborationist government behavior towards Greek Jews. The three Greek collaborationist governments (1941-1944) understood the political consequences of military developments. These governments therefore sought to secure Greece’s national interests, tailoring their Jewish policy accordingly. This chapter will be the first to examine the influence of the war on collaborator behavior. From a historiographical perspective, the chapter restores visibility and agency to the Greek non-Jews from whose midst the Germans deported the Jews. Many historians have treated these non-Jews as background scenery. The opening of formerly closed archives and more local studies are putting the non-Jews back into the history of the Holocaust across Europe. The chapter uses Greek official documents, German military and diplomatic records, British and American official papers, Italian diplomatic and military records, and contemporaneous accounts. In particular, the Bulgarian occupation of northeastern Greece raised the prospect of Bulgaria annexing Salonika, where most Greek Jews lived. The Bulgarians massacred Greeks, causing large-scale population flight to Salonika that overwhelmed the city’s infrastructure. The collaborationist government responded to this turbulence by narrowing the definition of which Greeks it was willing to protect. It abandoned its obligation to Greek Jews as fellow citizens.