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Poland: Discussion and Reform of Family Law in Poland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2021

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Summary

Résumé

Cet article interroge le bien-fondé des réformes apportées au droit de la famille au cours des années. Une attention particulière est portée aux facteurs et aux arguments avancés en faveur d’un code de la famille qui couvrirait l’ensemble de la matière. Cet article s’intéresse aussi à des dispositions particulières ainsi qu’à la place des normes du droit familial au sein du système juridique général. Il fait également état de propositions visant à remplacer le code actuel par un nouveau et qui représentent un mouvement important au sein de la théorie juridique civiliste. Le projet de code de la famille présenté dans cet article a fait l’objet de débats passionnés entre théoriciens et praticiens du droit et ces controverses démontrent que la Pologne ne s’est toujours pas dotée d’un modèle juridique satisfaisant en matière de mariage, de famille, de droit de garde ou d’autorité parentale. Pour ces raisons, il est nécessaire de poursuivre les recherches.

INTRODUCTION

The adverse fortunes of Poland's statehood meant that family law did not emerge as a subject worthy of Polish legal thought until after the end of the Second World War. Although the country won independence after the First World War, it failed to lay down harmonised state-wide legislation in the interwar period. As a result, each individual region retained its pre-existing laws. However, the Civil Law Codification Commission operating in the interwar period put forward draft laws that later formed the basis for the 1945–46 family unification process intended to align the law across the country. As a result, four acts were passed, covering marital law, family law, guardianship law and law on marital property. Another step in the development of Polish family law was marked by the Family Code of 1950 which brought all family law regulations under a single legislative act. The main defect of the Code was its brevity (only 93 articles) which made its application difficult in practice and required extensive case law to fill the gaps. Another Code was passed in 1964 which learned from these lessons. This is the Family and Guardianship Code which remains in force to the present day.

Type
Chapter
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International Survey of Family Law 2020
2020 Edition
, pp. 203 - 214
Publisher: Intersentia
Print publication year: 2020

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