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Pacific Island Countries Legal Regulation of Same-Sex Relationships in Pacific Island Countries: A Conflict of Values

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2024

Robin Fretwell Wilson
Affiliation:
University of Illinois
June Carbone
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
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Summary

Résumé

Dans les petites îles indépendantes du Pacifique Sud, les couples de même sexe sont placés dans une situation juridique difficile. Dans beaucoup de ces pays, ils ne sont pas autorisés à se marier ou à conclure une union civile. Dans certains de ces États, les actes sexuels entre partenaires de même sexe sont d’ailleurs toujours criminalisés. Le présent article examine les dispositions légales qui régissent les relations entre personnes de même sexe dans une sélection de pays insulaires du Pacifique. Il étudie également les garanties constitutionnelles d’égalité et de non-discrimination et la manière dont elles s’appliquent aux couples de même sexe. Il analyse ensuite la manière dont les tribunaux réagissent face aux contradictions entre le droit pénal et les dispositions relatives aux droits de l’homme lorsqu’il s’agit de relations entre personnes de même sexe. Enfin, il aborde les perspectives de réforme.

INTRODUCTION

In small island countries of the South Pacific, same-sex couples are placed in a difficult legal position. In many of these countries, they are not entitled to marry or form a civil union that is recognised by State laws. In some countries, sexual acts by same-sex partners are still criminalised. This chapter examines the legal provisions that govern same-sex relationships in a selection of Pacific Island countries. It also explores the constitutional guarantees of equality and freedom from discrimination, and the limits that have been placed on those rights, which may impact on same-sex couples. The chapter then goes on to consider the courts’approach to the tensions between criminal laws and human rights provisions, in the context of same-sex relationships. Finally, the chapter considers prospects for reform.

MATRIMONIAL LAWS

In some Pacific Islands countries, such as Nauru and Fiji, marriage is expressed to be the union of a man and a woman. In Fiji, for example, the Marriage Act provides: ‘Marriage in Fiji shall be the voluntary union of one man to one woman to the exclusion of all others’. Consequently, same-sex marriages cannot be celebrated under the Act. While the Marriage Act prescribes the only legally recognised way of formalising a marriage in Fiji, in practice parties do go through other ceremonies of marriage in accordance with their customs or religion. However, these processes are not available to same-sex partners, and, in any event, they are not recognised under State law.

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Publisher: Intersentia
Print publication year: 2023

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