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8 - The transcendental ideal, and the unity of the critical system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Béatrice Longuenesse
Affiliation:
New York University
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Summary

Kant starts the exposition of the Transcendental Ideal, in the Critique of Pure Reason, by stating what he calls the “principle of complete determination” in the following terms: “Every thing … as to its possibility … stands under the principle of complete determination [durchgängigen Bestimmung], according to which, among all possible predicates of things, insofar as they are compared with their opposites, one must apply to it” (A572/B600). This principle is susceptible to different interpretations. I suggest it has, according to Kant, a legitimate, critical interpretation, which emerges from the Transcendental Analytic as a whole. I shall consider that interpretation in a moment. But it also has an interpretation in the context of rational metaphysics, from which Kant inherits the principle in the first place. In this context, “complete determination” means complete determination by the intellect alone. As it gradually appears while we progress through section two of the Transcendental Ideal, this interpretation is one to which reason, according to Kant, is inevitably drawn, and which leads to the dialectical reasoning that Kant calls the “Transcendental Ideal,” in accordance with the illusory principle stated at the beginning of the Transcendental Dialectic: “If the conditioned is given, then the totality of its conditions is also given.” In this case: if limited realities are given, then the absolutely unlimited totum realitatis is also given. This totum realitatis is then posited as a distinct being, the ground of all finite reality: the ens realissimum of rational theology.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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