The concern in this chapter is, first, the limits placed upon women in their career development as a result of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. We look at the ideas around the so-called glass ceiling for women and the possible means of overcoming this by looking at different country approaches to the issue of having a quota system. We also consider the linked issue of unequal pay and consider why the gender pay gap and the maternity pay gap continue in all countries. The gender pay gap exists in most countries and women tend to predominate in low-pay sectors or occupations. Amongst the reasons given are that women and men work in sex-segregated occupations, reward mechanisms affect female and male workers differently, women’s skills and work are undervalued, few women occupy leadership positions either in policymaking or in the labour force, gender roles and traditions shape educational choices and working patterns, women on average carry greater family responsibilities and so work fewer hours than men, and women are the victims of discrimination.