Commonwealth of Australia, Australia’s Role in United Nations Peacekeeping: Official Hansard Report, Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, AGPS, Canberra, 1991Google Scholar

Commonwealth of Australia, Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia’s Participation in Peacekeeping, AGPS, Canberra, December 1994Google Scholar

Commonwealth of Australia Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Care of ADF Personnel Wounded and Injured on Operations, Canberra, 2013Google Scholar

Commonwealth of Australia Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, United Nations Peacekeeping and Australia, Report of the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, AGPS, Canberra, May 1991Google Scholar

Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives, 1973–99Google Scholar

Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary Debates: Senate, 1986–99Google Scholar

Commonwealth of Australia, Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia’s Involvement in Peacekeeping Operations, Senate Printing Unit, Canberra, 2008Google Scholar

Department of Defence, The Defence of Australia 1987, White Paper presented to Parliament by the Minister for Defence, the Honourable Kim C. Beazley, MP, AGPS, Canberra, 1987Google Scholar

Department of Defence, Force Structure Review, Report to the Minister for Defence, Departmental Publications, Canberra, May 1991Google Scholar

Department of Defence, Defence Report 1992–93, AGPS, Canberra, 1993Google Scholar

Department of Defence, Peacekeeping Policy: The Future Australian Defence Force Role, Departmental Publications, Canberra, June 1993Google Scholar

Department of Defence, Defending Australia: Defence White Paper 1994, AGPS, Canberra, 1994Google Scholar

Department of Defence, Australia’s Strategic Policy, Department of Defence, Canberra, 1997Google Scholar

Department of Defence, Defence 2000: Our Future Defence Force, Department of Defence, Canberra, 2000Google Scholar

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia and the United Nations, AGPS, Canberra, 1989Google Scholar

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, ‘Australia’s role in United Nations peace-keeping operations’, Submission to the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, November 1990, Hansard, 22 February 1991Google Scholar

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, In the National Interest: Australian’s Foreign and Trade Policy, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, 1997Google Scholar

Department of Veterans Affairs, Fact Sheet HSV67: ‘Health Entitlement: PTSD Benefits (Psychiatric Treatment/Counselling)’, Canberra, 2004Google Scholar

Dibb, P., Review of Australia’s Defence Capabilities: Report to the Minister for Defence by Mr Paul Dibb, AGPS, Canberra, 1986Google Scholar

Dunt, David R., Review of Mental Health Care in the ADF and Transition Through Discharge, Department of Defence, Canberra, 2009CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘Australia and the United Nations’, address to the UN General Assembly, 4 October 1988, Australian Foreign Affairs Record, vol. 59, no. 10, 1988Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, Australia’s Regional Security, Ministerial Statement by Senator the Hon. Gareth Evans QC, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, December 1989Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘Foreign-policy priorities’, Roy Milne Memorial Lecture, 27 April 1989, in Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade Record, vol. 60, no. 4, 1989Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘Resolving conflict: The UN’s task’, address to the UN General Assembly, 5 October 1989, Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade Record, vol. 60, no. 10, 1989Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘Australia’s foreign policy: Responding to change’, Sir Herman Black Lecture, 10 September 1990, in Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade Record, vol. 61, no.9, 1990Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘The United Nations: A new era’, address to the UN General Assembly, 2 October 1990, in Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade Record, vol. 61, no. 10, 1990Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘Australia’s role in the New World Order’, Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade: The Monthly Record, vol. 61, no. 11, 1990Google Scholar

Hawke, Bob, ‘Transition in international relations key to our role in 1991’, address to Foreign Correspondents’ Association, Sydney, 10 December 1991, Australian Foreign Affairs and Trade Record, vol. 61, no. 12, 1990Google Scholar

Hayden, Bill, ‘Evatt Memorial Lecture’, 7 July 1983, Australian Foreign Affairs Record, vol. 54, no. 7, 1983Google Scholar

Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Australia’s Role in United Nations Reform, Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2001Google Scholar

McFarlane, A.C., Hodson, S.E., Van Hooff, M., & Davies, C., Mental Health in the Australian Defence Force: 2010 ADF Mental Health Prevalence and Wellbeing Study: Full Report, Department of Defence, Canberra, 2011Google Scholar

Anema, Frans, Dirscherl, Johannes, Paterson, Ted, and Bean, Phil, Evaluation of the UNMEE Mine Action Coordination Centre, Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, Geneva, 2005Google Scholar

Annan, Kofi A., ‘We the Peoples’: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, United Nations, New York, 2000Google Scholar

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, and Peace-keeping, United Nations, New York, 1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, To Walk the Earth in Safety: The United States Commitment to Humanitarian Demining (3rd edn), Department of State (United States), Washington DC, 2001Google Scholar

Commission of Inquiry, ‘Report of the Commission of Inquiry established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) to investigate armed attacks on UNOSOM II personnel which led to casualties among them’, 24 February 1994Google Scholar

Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, Dishonoured Legacy: The Lessons from the Somalia Affair, 5 volumes, Ottawa, Public Works and Government Services, 1997Google Scholar

Department for International Development, Departmental Report 2000, Stationery Office, Norwich, 2000Google Scholar

Department for International Development, Departmental Report 2001, Stationery Office, Norwich, 2001Google Scholar

Eaton, R., Horwood, C., and Niland, N., Mozambique: The Development of Indigenous Mine Action Capacities, 1997, United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs, New York 1997Google Scholar

Eaton, R., Horwood, C., and Niland, N., Study Report: The Development of Indigenous Mine Action Capacities, 1997, United Nationals Department of Humanitarian Affairs, New York, 1997Google Scholar

Staff, General, Office, War, Military Report on the Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone, Vol. I (General), London, 1933Google Scholar

Gorbachev, Mikhail, ‘Address to the UN General Assembly’, Soviet News, vol. 645, 14 December 1988Google Scholar

Historical Clarification Commission (Guatemala), Guatemala: Memory of Silence, 1999Google Scholar

House of Commons, Second Report, Sierra Leone, London, 1999Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary with Vincent, James, Evaluation of UNDP Assistance to Conflict-Affected Countries: Sierra Leone Case Study, United Nations Development Program Evaluation Office, New York, 2006Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, Elihu, et al., ‘Decision regarding delimitation of the border between the State of Eritrea and the Federal Democratic Republic of Eritrea’, Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission, 13 April 2002Google Scholar

Lyytikäinen, Minna, Gender Training for Peacekeepers, United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, Santo Domingo, 2007Google Scholar

Nakari, Taina, Fighting AIDS: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Among Armed Forces and UN Peacekeepers: The Case of Eritrea, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Copend’n, 2003Google Scholar

Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Witness to Truth: Report of the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, GPL Press, Accra, 2004Google Scholar

Stewart, Richard W., Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994, Center of Military History, United States Forces, United States Army, Washington, DC, 2003Google Scholar

United Nations, Blue Helmets: A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping, 3rd edn, United Nations, New York, 1996Google Scholar

United NationsThe United Nations and Rwanda, 1993–1996, UN Department of Public Information, New York, 1996Google Scholar

United NationsThe United Nations and Somalia, 1992–1996, UN Department of Public Information, New York, 1996Google Scholar

United Nations Stress Management Booklet, United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, New York, 1995Google Scholar

US Forces Somalia, ‘United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report’, Center of Military History, Washington DC, 2003Google Scholar

Anema, Frans, Dirscherl, Johannes, Paterson, Ted, and Bean, Phil, Evaluation of the UNMEE Mine Action Coordination Centre, Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, Geneva, 2005Google Scholar

Annan, Kofi A., ‘We the Peoples’: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, United Nations, New York, 2000Google Scholar

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, and Peace-keeping, United Nations, New York, 1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, To Walk the Earth in Safety: The United States Commitment to Humanitarian Demining (3rd edn), Department of State (United States), Washington DC, 2001Google Scholar

Commission of Inquiry, ‘Report of the Commission of Inquiry established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 885 (1993) to investigate armed attacks on UNOSOM II personnel which led to casualties among them’, 24 February 1994Google Scholar

Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, Dishonoured Legacy: The Lessons from the Somalia Affair, 5 volumes, Ottawa, Public Works and Government Services, 1997Google Scholar

Department for International Development, Departmental Report 2000, Stationery Office, Norwich, 2000Google Scholar

Department for International Development, Departmental Report 2001, Stationery Office, Norwich, 2001Google Scholar

Eaton, R., Horwood, C., and Niland, N., Mozambique: The Development of Indigenous Mine Action Capacities, 1997, United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs, New York 1997Google Scholar

Eaton, R., Horwood, C., and Niland, N., Study Report: The Development of Indigenous Mine Action Capacities, 1997, United Nationals Department of Humanitarian Affairs, New York, 1997Google Scholar

Staff, General, Office, War, Military Report on the Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone, Vol. I (General), London, 1933Google Scholar

Gorbachev, Mikhail, ‘Address to the UN General Assembly’, Soviet News, vol. 645, 14 December 1988Google Scholar

Historical Clarification Commission (Guatemala), Guatemala: Memory of Silence, 1999Google Scholar

House of Commons, Second Report, Sierra Leone, London, 1999Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary with Vincent, James, Evaluation of UNDP Assistance to Conflict-Affected Countries: Sierra Leone Case Study, United Nations Development Program Evaluation Office, New York, 2006Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, Elihu, et al., ‘Decision regarding delimitation of the border between the State of Eritrea and the Federal Democratic Republic of Eritrea’, Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission, 13 April 2002Google Scholar

Lyytikäinen, Minna, Gender Training for Peacekeepers, United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, Santo Domingo, 2007Google Scholar

Nakari, Taina, Fighting AIDS: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Among Armed Forces and UN Peacekeepers: The Case of Eritrea, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Copend’n, 2003Google Scholar

Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Witness to Truth: Report of the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, GPL Press, Accra, 2004Google Scholar

Stewart, Richard W., Somalia After Action Report and Historical Overview: The United States Army in Somalia, 1992–1994, Center of Military History, United States Forces, United States Army, Washington, DC, 2003Google Scholar

United Nations, Blue Helmets: A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping, 3rd edn, United Nations, New York, 1996Google Scholar

United NationsThe United Nations and Rwanda, 1993–1996, UN Department of Public Information, New York, 1996Google Scholar

United NationsThe United Nations and Somalia, 1992–1996, UN Department of Public Information, New York, 1996Google Scholar

United Nations Stress Management Booklet, United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, New York, 1995Google Scholar

US Forces Somalia, ‘United States Forces, Somalia After Action Report’, Center of Military History, Washington DC, 2003Google Scholar

Major Allan, R.A., interview with Garth Pratten, 9 March 2015, AWM330, PKI/901/15/2Google Scholar

Lieutenant Colonel Ayerbe, A.W., interview with Bob Breen, 3 November 1993Google Scholar

Captain Baldwin, B.C. interview with Garth Pratten, 10 March 2015, AWM330, PKI/902/31/2Google Scholar

Captain Baldwin, B.C, email to Garth Pratten, 26 May 2016, AWM330, PKI/901/31/1Google Scholar

Admiral Barrie, C.A., email to Garth Pratten, 11 March 2016, AWM330, PKI/902/21/1Google Scholar

Bird, Commander Alan, interview with Jean Bou, 21 April 2009, AWM S04632Google Scholar

Major General Blake, M.P., interview with Bob Breen, 5 July 1993Google Scholar

Blumer, Major A.D., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Bradley, R.A., interview with Arthur Boutellis, 7May 2008, at the British Council in Freetown Sierra Leone, https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/interviews/transcripts/3294/Robert_Bradley.pdfGoogle Scholar

Bradley, R.A., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 17 October 2016.Google Scholar

Bradley, R.A., emails exchanged with Miesje de Vogel, 17 October, 1 November, 3 November 2016, AWM330, PKI/902Google Scholar

Breen, Major M.R., interview with Garth Pratten, 11 December 2006, AWM S04334 and AWM330, PKI/902/14/2Google Scholar

Breen, Major M.R, emails to Garth Pratten, 10 August 2006, 1 January 2017, AWM330, PKI/902/14/1Google Scholar

Brown, Major S., interview with Peter Londey, 21 May 2002, AWM S03781 and AWM330, PKI/902/17/2Google Scholar

Caligari, Major J.G., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Carpenter, Detective Superintendent B.A., interview with Peter Londey, 6 December 1995, AWM SO1764Google Scholar

Chew, Commander M., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 21 December 2015Google Scholar

Chirgwin, Major C.G., interview with Bob Breen, 27 July 2015Google Scholar

Chisnall, Captain G.A., interview with Garth Pratten, 1 September 2014Google Scholar

Clay, Brigadier P.D., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 15 July 2015Google Scholar

Coiro, Sergeant D.A., interview with Bob Breen, 9 November 1993Google Scholar

Cooper, S.M., interview with David Horner, 1 February 2016Google Scholar

Cotton, Colonel A.J., interview with Rosalind Hearder, Canberra, 14 October 2005Google Scholar

Crafter, Federal Agent R., interview with Peter Londey, 8 October 1997Google Scholar

Creamer, Professor M., interview with Rosalind Hearder, Melbourne, 20 October 2005Google Scholar

Curtis, Captain T.C., interview with Garth Pratten, 23 February 2015, AWM330, PKI/903/52/2Google Scholar

Cuthbert-Brown, Major M., email correspondence with Jean Bou, 1995, AWM330, PKI/107/75Google Scholar

David, R.L., email to Bob Breen, 28 March 1996Google Scholar

Davidson-Houston, Brigadier P., interview with Garth Pratten, May 2014, AWM 330, PKI/904/25/2Google Scholar

Dawson, Major General B.R. interview with David Horner, 2 December 2015Google Scholar

Dodds, Captain S.J., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Downer, A.J.G., interview with Bob Breen and David Horner, 9 April 2010, AWM S04855Google Scholar

Evans, G., email correspondence with Jean Bou, AWM330, PKI/107/75Google Scholar

Ford, Major General T.R., interview with Peter Londey, 17 June 2005, AWM S03397Google Scholar

Francis, Lieutenant Colonel T.J., interview with Garth Pratten, 8 June 2016, AWM330, PKI/906/9/2Google Scholar

Fraser, Major D.J., interview with Bob Breen, 2 May 1993Google Scholar

Freer, Major General A., interview with Garth Pratten, 5 May 2014Google Scholar

Gibson, Brigadier P., emails to Garth Pratten, 20 April, 11 May 2017Google Scholar

Gittoes, George, interview by Peter Londey, 26 June 1995, AWM S01702Google Scholar

Glynn, Lieutenant RAN, T.G., interview with Garth Pratten, 10 August 2015Google Scholar

Gray, Major R.L., interview with Garth Pratten, 31 August 2015, AWM330, PKI/907/29/2Google Scholar

Hales, Major G.J., interviews with Garth Pratten, 6 October 2006, 9 September 2007, AWM S03937 and AWM330, PKI/907/23/2Google Scholar

Hales, Major G.Jemail to Garth Pratten, 5 May 2016, AWM330, PKI/907/23/1Google Scholar

Hall, Captain A.J., interview with Bob Breen, 9 November 1993Google Scholar

Hasson, Major D.N., interview with Bob Breen, 9 November 1993Google Scholar

Hazel, Commander G.A., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 7 September 2015Google Scholar

Hughes, Lieutenant Col (Rtd) D.C., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 27 July 2015Google Scholar

Hughes, M.A., interview with Bob Breen, 27 July 2015Google Scholar

Hurcum, Major G.P., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Hurley, Lieutenant Colonel, interviews with Bob Breen, 27 and 28 July 1993Google Scholar

Hurley, General D.J., interview with Bob Breen, 13 August 2015Google Scholar

Jackson, Lieutenant Colonel G.W., interview with David Horner, 3 August 2015Google Scholar

Jones, Colonel T.R., interview with David Horner, 29 September 2015Google Scholar

Kenny, Brigadier P.A, interview with Garth Pratten, 12 September 2014, AWM330, PKI/911/20/2Google Scholar

Kenny, Brigadier P.Aemail to Garth Pratten, 12 August 2015, AWM330, PKI/911/20/1Google Scholar

Keyes, Lieutenant Colonel D., interview with Jean Bou, 16 December 2009Google Scholar

Kidd, Colonel S., interview with Jean Bou, 3 March 2009Google Scholar

Killer, Dr G., interview with Rosalind Hearder, Canberra, 11 October 2005Google Scholar

King, Lieutenant Colonel J.D., email to Garth Pratten, 23 January 2017, AWM330, PKI/911/22/1Google Scholar

Kingston, Warrant Officer Class 1 G., interview with David Horner, 8 December 2000Google Scholar

Krauer, J., email to Garth Pratten, 23 February 2016, AWM330, PKI/911/21/1Google Scholar

Last, A., email to Garth Pratten, 23 February 2016, AWM330, PKI/912/21/1Google Scholar

Lord, Major T., interview with Garth Pratten, 21 November 2006, AWM S04335, AWM330, PKI/912/8/2Google Scholar

MacDougall, Major T., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 6 June 2016Google Scholar

Mackay, A., emails to Garth Pratten, 23 and 25 May 2016, AWM330, PKI/913/49/1Google Scholar

Macleod, Captain L.R., interview with Rosalind Hearder, Sydney, 11 July 2005Google Scholar

Mann, Captain C.J., interview with Garth Pratten, 24 August 2015, AWM330, PKI/913/50/2Google Scholar

Martin, Lieutenant Colonel R.J., interview with Bob Breen, 7 July 1993Google Scholar

McConaghy, Major C., interview with Jean Bou, 12 April 2016, and email correspondence, AWM330, PKI/107/75Google Scholar

McDonald, R., interview with Bob Breen, 15 December 1993Google Scholar

McIntosh, Brigadier P., interview with Jean Bou, 30 March 2016, and email correspondence AWM330, PKI/107/75Google Scholar

McKaskill, Major D.G., interview with Bob Breen, 5 May 1993Google Scholar

Meagher, Station Sergeant C.W., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 10 December 2015Google Scholar

Mellor, Colonel W.J., interview with Bob Breen, 10 November 1993Google Scholar

Nagy, Lieutenant Colonel W.S., interview with Bob Breen, 24 November 1993Google Scholar

O’Neill, Lieutenant Colonel Col M.T., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 30 June 2015Google Scholar

Oswald, Major B., interview with Jean Bou, 16 March 2016Google Scholar

Palmer, Commissioner Mick, interview with Jean Bou, 10 December 2009, AWM S04809Google Scholar

Priestley, Captain R.B., interview with Garth Pratten, 10 March 2015, AWM330, PKI/916/20/2Google Scholar

Quigley, Federal Agent Delia, interview with Jean Bou, 11 June 2009Google Scholar

Ramsey, Colonel W.P., interview by Major K. Jorgensen, ‘Peacekeeping and peace support operations – a commander’s perspective with Colonel W.P. Ramsey’, Training Command Video Series, transcript and supplements, AWM330, PKI/107/59Google Scholar

Ramsey, Brigadier (Dr) W.P., interview with Rosalind Hearder, Canberra, 18 November 2005Google Scholar

Rath, Detective Station Sergeant D.J., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 14 September 2015Google Scholar

Reid, Sergeant A., interview with David Horner, 8 November 2000Google Scholar

Retter, Lieutenant Colonel P.B., interview with Bob Breen, 5 July 1993Google Scholar

Riley, Major General J.P., interview with Garth Pratten, 2 May 2014, AWM330, PKI/918/24/2Google Scholar

Roberts, Major J., interview with Bob Breen, 27 July 2015Google Scholar

Roche, Lieutenant Colonel D.S.M., interview by Major C.A. Johnston, 1 July 1996, ‘Peacekeeping and peace support operations – a commander’s perspective’, Training Command Video Series, transcript and supplements, AWM330, PKI/107/59Google Scholar

Ross, Lieutenant Colonel J.D., interview with Garth Pratten, 30 April 2015, AWM330, PKI/918/25/2Google Scholar

Ross, Lieutenant Colonel J.D., email to Garth Pratten, 17 June 2016, AWM330, PKI/918/25/1Google Scholar

Royals, Commander M., email to Garth Pratten, 14 August 2015, AWM330, PKI/918/27/1Google Scholar

Schmidt, Major A.G., letter to David Horner, 18 January 2017Google Scholar

Simeoni, Lieutenant J.A., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Sinai, Warrant Officer Class 2 D.J., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 27 July 2015Google Scholar

Smeltink, Federal Agent R.J., interview with Christine Winter, 2008Google Scholar

Smith, Colonel C., interview with Tristan Moss, 21 March 2016Google Scholar

Sobey, Federal Agent (Constable) Robert (Bob), interview with Peter Londey, 28 March 2001, AWM S02282Google Scholar

Spence, Commander P., interview with Don Barnby, 29 March 2012Google Scholar

Spence, Commander P., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 16 December 2015Google Scholar

Stanhope, Major R.H., interviews with Bob Breen, 4, 6 May 1993Google Scholar

Stein, Warrant Officer Class 1 L.J., interview with David Horner, 24 November 2016Google Scholar

Stevens, Lieutenant Colonel H., interview with Miesje de Vogel, 14 July 2015Google Scholar

Taylor, Commander K.B., interview with Bob Breen, 25 May 1995Google Scholar

Teakle, Lieutenant Colonel J., email to Garth Pratten, 23 May 2016, AWM 330, PKI/911/20/1Google Scholar

Terry, P., interview with Bob Breen, 15 July 1996Google Scholar

Thorp, Sergeant M.A., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Tidey, Warrant Officer Class 2 B., interview with Tristan Moss and email correspondence with Jean BouGoogle Scholar

Tilbrook, Lieutenant Colonel S., email correspondence with Jean Bou, AWM330, PKI/107/75Google Scholar

Toal, M., interview with Ian Hodges, 26 October 2007Google Scholar

Tousignant, Major General G., interview with Jean Bou, 22 April 2016Google Scholar

Townsend, Superintendent William (Bill), interview with Jean Bou, Canberra, 7 October 2009, AWM S04791Google Scholar

Tweedie, Major P., interview with Bob Breen, 3 November 1993Google Scholar

Vial, P., interview with Bob Breen, 15 July 1996Google Scholar

Vinen, D.L., interview with David Horner, 9 October 2015Google Scholar

Warfe, Colonel Peter, interview by Major Craig N. Burn, 27 June 1997, ‘A commander’s perspective of peace operations with the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda II, January–August 1995, Training Command Video Series, transcript and supplements, AWM330, PKI/107/59Google Scholar

Warfe, Colonel (Dr) P., interviews with Rosalind Hearder, Canberra, 18 October 2005, and Jean Bou, Canberra, 8 March 2016Google Scholar

Webb, Lieutenant T.D., interview with Bob Breen, May 1993Google Scholar

Wells, Lieutenant Colonel M., emails to Garth Pratten, 16 February 2015, 2 December 2015, AWM330, PKI/923/34/1Google Scholar

Westwood, Captain I.G., interview with Bob Breen, 31 January 1996Google Scholar

White, H., interview with Garth Pratten, 21 March 2016, AWM330, PKI/923/17/2Google Scholar

Williams, Lieutenant A., interview with Alistair Cooper, 30 June 2005Google Scholar

Woodward, Major B. (US Army), interview with Bob Breen, 3 November 1993Google Scholar

Wormington, Sergeant A.G., interview with Bob Breen, 9 November 1993Google Scholar

Worswick, Dr R.J., email to Bob Breen, 6 January 2015Google Scholar

Yeo, Warrant Officer Class 1 K.W., 10 November 1993Google Scholar

Roche, Brig D., address to Australian Defence College (ADC) audience, c. late 2013 – early 2014, played to Rwanda symposium held by Centre for Defence Leadership and Ethics, Australian Defence College, August 2015Google Scholar

Tilbrook, Lieutenant Colonel S., Warrant Officer Class 1 Rod Scott (retired) and Warrant Officer Class 2 Andrew Miller, addresses on events at Kibeho, April 1995, Rwanda symposium held by Centre for Defence Leadership and Ethics ADC, August 2015Google Scholar

Davidson, Christopher, 20 April 2004Google Scholar

Ellis, Lieutenant Colonel Stuart, transcript, Archive No. 1960Google Scholar

McIntosh, Brigadier Pat, transcript, Archive No. 2450Google Scholar

Teh, Colonel (Dr) John, transcript, Archive No. 2481Google Scholar

McKenzie, Fraser, ‘Australian success in Baidoa’, 16 February 2012Google Scholar

Davidson, Christopher, 20 April 2004Google Scholar

Ellis, Lieutenant Colonel Stuart, transcript, Archive No. 1960Google Scholar

McIntosh, Brigadier Pat, transcript, Archive No. 2450Google Scholar

Teh, Colonel (Dr) John, transcript, Archive No. 2481Google Scholar

McKenzie, Fraser, ‘Australian success in Baidoa’, 16 February 2012Google Scholar

Breen, Bob, The Good Neighbour: Australian Peace Support Operations in the Pacific Islands, 1980–2006, Vol. V: The Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post–Cold War Operations, CUP, Melbourne, 2016Google Scholar

Butler, A.G., The Australian Army Medical Services in the War of 1914–1918, Vol. III: Special Problems and Services, AWM, Canberra, 1943Google Scholar

Horner, David, Australia and the ‘New World Order’: From Peacekeeping to Peace Enforcement 1988–1991, Vol. II: The Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post–Cold War Operations, CUP, Melbourne, 2011Google Scholar

Horner, David, and Connor, John, The Good International Citizen: Australian Peacekeeping in Asia, Africa and Europe, 1991–1993, Vol. III: The Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post–Cold War Operations, CUP, Melbourne, 2014CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Londey, Peter, Horner, David, and Crawley, Rhys, The Long Search for Peace: Observer Missions and Beyond, Vol. I: The Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post–Cold War Operations, CUP, Melbourne, forthcomingGoogle Scholar

McNeill, Ian, To Long Tan: The Australian Army in the Vietnam War 1950–1966, Allen & Unwin in association with the AWM, Canberra and Sydney, 1993Google Scholar

O’Keefe, Brendan G., Medicine at War: Medical Aspects of Australia’s Involvement in Southeast Asia 1950–1972, Allen & Unwin in association with AWM, Sydney, 1994Google Scholar

Walker, A.S., Australia in the War of 1939–1945 (Series 5 – Medical), Vol. III: Clinical Problems of War, AWM, Canberra, 1962Google Scholar

Africa Watch Report, Conspicuous Destruction: War, Famine and the Reform Process in Mozambique, Human Rights Watch, New York, 1992Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edn, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, 1980Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, 2013Google Scholar

Andersson, Hilary, Mozambique: A War Against the People, St Martin’s Press, New York, 1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arms Project (Africa Watch), Landmines in Mozambique, Human Rights Watch, New York, 1994Google Scholar

Arnold, Guy, Wars in the Third World since 1945, London, Cassell, 1991Google Scholar

Ashby, Phil, Unscathed: Escape from Sierra Leone, Macmillan, London, 2002Google Scholar

Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, ACMPH, Melbourne, 2013Google Scholar

Azimi, Nassrine, The Role and Functions of Civilian Police in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1996Google Scholar

Babington, Anthony, Shell-Shock: A History of the Changing Attitudes to War Neurosis, Leo Cooper, London, 1997Google Scholar

Bale, John, PTSD and Stigma in the Australian Army, Directorate of Future Land Warfare, Canberra, 2014Google Scholar

Ballard, John R., Upholding Democracy: The United States Military Campaign in Haiti, 1994–1997, Praeger, Westport, CT, 1998Google Scholar

Barlow, Eeben, Executive Outcomes: Against All Odds, Galago Press, Alberton, 2007Google Scholar

Barnes, Sam, Humanitarian Aid Coordination During War and Peace in Mozambique, 1985–1995, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet in cooperation with SIDA, Uppsala, 1998Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael, Eyewitness to Genocide, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2002Google Scholar

Baumann, Robert F., and Yates, Lawrence A., with Washington, Versalle F., ‘My Clan Against the World’: US and Coalition Forces in Somalia 1992–1994, Combat Studies Institute Press, Fort Leavenworth, 2004Google Scholar

Beah, Ishmael, A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, Fourth Estate, London, 2007Google Scholar

John, Blaxland (ed.), East Timor Intervention: A Retrospective on INTERFET, MUP, Melbourne, 2015Google Scholar

Bothe, Michael, and Kondoch, Boris (ed.), International Peacekeeping: The Yearbook of International Peace Operations, vol. 7, Brill, Nijhoff, 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bowden, Mark, Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War, Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 1999Google Scholar

Breen, Bob, First to Fight: Australian Diggers, New Zealand Kiwis and US Paratroopers in Vietnam, 1965–66, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1988Google Scholar

Breen, Bob, A Little Bit of Hope: Australian Force – Somalia, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1998Google Scholar

Breen, Bob, Struggling for Self-Reliance: Four Case Studies of Australian Regional Force Projection in the Late 1980s and the 1990s, ANU E-press, Canberra, 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bob, Breen, and McCauley, Greg, The World Looking Over Their Shoulders: Australian Strategic Corporals on Operations in Somalia and East Timor, Land Warfare Studies Centre, Canberra, 2008Google Scholar

Bundu, Abass, Democracy by Force? A Study of International Military Intervention in the Civil War in Sierra Leone from 1991–2000, Universal Publishers, Boca Raton, 2001Google Scholar

Cantwell, John, and Bearup, Greg, Exit Wounds: One Australian’s War on Terror, MUP, Carlton, Vic, 2012Google Scholar

Castles, Ian, Australia in Profile: 1991 Census, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, 1993Google Scholar

Clarke, Walter, and Herbst, Jeffrey (eds), Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Intervention, Westview Press, Boulder, 1997Google Scholar

Collins, Peter, Strike Swiftly: The Australian Commando Story, Watermark Press, Sydney, 2005Google Scholar

Connery, David, Crisis Policymaking: Australia and the East Timor Crisis of 1999, ANU E Press, Canberra, 2010Google Scholar

Coulon, Jocelyn, Soldiers of Diplomacy: The United Nations, Peacekeeping, and the New World Order, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coulthard-Clark, C.D., Australia’s Military Map-makers: The Royal Australian Survey Corps 1915–1996, OUP, South Melbourne, 2000Google Scholar

Dallaire, Roméo, with Beardsley, Brent, Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda, Carrol & Graf Publishers, New York, 2005Google Scholar

Denov, Myriam, Child Soldiers: Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front, CUP, 2010CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Disney, A.R., A History of Portugal and the Portuguese empire: From Beginnings to 1807, Vol. 2: The Portuguese Empire, CUP, New York, 2009Google Scholar

Doolan, Ken, HMAS Tobruk: Warship for Every Crisis, Grinkle Press, Queanbeyan, 2007Google Scholar

Dorman, Andrew M., Blair’s Successful War: British Military Intervention in Sierra Leone, Ashgate, Farnham, 2009Google Scholar

Dunt, David R., Independent Study into Suicide in the Ex-service Community, Dunt Health Evaluation Services, Melbourne, 2009Google Scholar

Durant, Michael J., with Harov, Steven, In the Company of Heroes, New American Library, New York, 2003Google Scholar

Durch, William J., Holt, Victoria K., Earle, Caroline R. and Shanahan, Moira K., The Brahimi Report and the Future of UN Peace Operations, Henry L. Stimson Center, Washington DC, 2003Google Scholar

Edwards, John, Keating: The Inside Story, Viking, Melbourne, 1996Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, Cooperating for Peace: The Global Agenda for the 1990s and Beyond, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1993Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, Inside the Hawke Keating Government: A Cabinet Diary, MUP, Melbourne, 2014Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, and Grant, Bruce, Australian Foreign Relations in the World of the 1990s, MUP, Melbourne, 1991Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, and Sahnoun, Mohamed, The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, 2001Google Scholar

Findlay, Trevor, The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations, OUP, Oxford, 2002Google Scholar

Finnegan, William, A Complicated War: The Harrowing of Mozambique, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fischel, John T., Civil Military Operations in the New World, Praeger, Westport, CT, 1997Google Scholar

Forbes, D., Kartal, D., Lau, W., Phelps, A.J., and O’Donnell, M., What are Effective Interventions for Veterans Who have Experienced Moral Injury? A Rapid Evidence Assessment, Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, 2015Google Scholar

Fowler, William, Operation Barras: The SAS Rescue Mission: Sierra Leone 2000, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2004Google Scholar

Gberie, Lansana, A Dirty War in West Africa: The RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2005Google Scholar

Harris, David, Sierra Leone: A Political History, Hurst & Company, London, 2013Google Scholar

Hawthorne, G., Korn, S., and Creamer, M., Australian Peacekeepers: Long-term Mental Health Status, Health Service Use, and Quality of Life – Technical Report, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 2014Google Scholar

Hayden, Bill, Hayden: An Autobiography, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1996Google Scholar

Hayes, Margaret Daley, and Wheatley, Gary F, Interagency and Political–Military Dimensions of Peace Operations: Haiti – A Case Study, National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Washington, 1996Google Scholar

Heaney, Steve, with Lewis, Damien, Operation Mayhem, Orion Books, London 2014Google Scholar

Hendrickson, Ryan C., The Clinton Wars: The Constitution, Congress and War Powers, Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Horner, David, The Australian Centenary History of Defence, Vol. 4: Making the Australian Defence Force, OUP, Melbourne, 2001Google Scholar

Horner, David, SAS: Phantoms of War, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2002Google Scholar

Horner, David, Strategic Command: General Sir John Wilton and Australia’s Asian Wars, OUP, Melbourne, 2005Google Scholar

Horner, David, and Bou, Jean (eds), Duty First: A History of the Royal Australian Regiment, 2nd edn, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2008Google Scholar

Horner, David, Londey, Peter, and Bou, Jean (eds), Australian Peacekeeping: Sixty Years in the Field, CUP, Melbourne, 2009Google Scholar

Howe, Herbert M., Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Reiner Publishers, Boulder, 2001Google Scholar

International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Landmine Monitor 2003, Human Rights Watch, Washington DC, 2003Google Scholar

Jackson, Peter, and Albrecht, Paul (eds), Security System Transformation in Sierra Leone, 1997–2007, Global Facilitation Network for Security Sector Reform, Birmingham, 2009Google Scholar

Jackson, Peter, and Albrecht, Paul, Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone 1997–2007: Views from the Front Line, LIT Verlag, Berlin, 2010Google Scholar

Jackson, Peter, and Albrecht, Paul, Securing Sierra Leone, 1997–2013: Defence, Diplomacy and Development in Action, Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, London, 2014Google Scholar

Jonas, Susan, Centaurs and Doves: Guatemala’s Peace Process, Westview, Boulder, 2000Google Scholar

Kargbo, Michael S., British Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Sierra Leone, 1991–2001, Peter Lang, Bern, 2006Google Scholar

Kearney, George, Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), The Management of Stress in the Australian Defence Force: Human Factors, Families, and the Welfare of Military Personnel Away from the Combat Zone, Department of Defence, Canberra, 2001Google Scholar

Keating, Paul, Engagement: Australia Faces the Asia Pacific, Macmillan, Sydney, 2000Google Scholar

Keen, David, Conflict and Collusion in Sierra Leone, Palgrave, New York, 2005Google Scholar

Kelly, Michael J., Restoring and Maintaining Order in Complex Peace Operations: The Search for a Legal Framework, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, 1999CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelly, Paul, The March of the Patriots: The Struggle for Modern Australia, MUP, Carlton, 2009Google Scholar

Khan, Shaharyarn, The Shallow Graves of Rwanda, I.B. Taurus, London, 2000Google Scholar

Klinghoffer, Arthur, The International Dimension of Genocide in Rwanda, New York University Press, New York, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klotchoff, Jean-Claude, Rwanda Today, Les editions, Paris, 1990Google Scholar

Kroslak, Daniela, The French Betrayal of Rwanda, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2008Google Scholar

Kurian, G.T., Encyclopedia of the Third World, Vol. III, Facts on File, New York, 1987Google Scholar

Lawson, Stephanie (ed.), The New Agenda for Global Security: Cooperating for Peace and Beyond, Allen & Unwin in association with the Department of International Relations, Australian National University, Canberra, 1995Google Scholar

Lennox, Gina, Forged by War: Australians in Combat and Back Home, MUP, Melbourne, 2005Google Scholar

Londey, Peter, Other People’s Wars: A History of Australian Peacekeeping, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2004Google Scholar

Paul, Longley, Not a Real War: A Sailor’s Experience in a Soldier’s War, Book Pal, 2015Google Scholar

Louis, William Roger, Ruanda–Urundi, 1884–1919, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1963Google Scholar

Lyons, Terrence, and Samatar, Ahmed I., Somalia: State Collapse, Multilateral Interventions, and Strategies for Political Reconstruction, Brookings Institution, Washington DC, 1995Google Scholar

Macguire, Robert, Balutansky, Edwige, Fomerand, Jacques, Minear, Larry, O’Neill, William G, Weiss, Thomas G, and Zaidi, Sarah, Haiti Held Hostage: International Responses to the Quest for Nationhood 1986 to 1996, Watson, Thomas J Jnr Institute for International Studies and United Nations University, Providence, 1996Google Scholar

MacQueen, Norrie, The Decolonisation of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire, Longman, London, 1997Google Scholar

Makinda, Samuel M., Seeking Peace from Chaos: Humanitarian Intervention in Somalia, Lynne Reinner Publishers, Boulder, 1993CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Malan, Mark, Rakate, Phenyo, and McIntyre, Angela, Peacekeeping in Sierra Leone: UNAMSIL Hits the Home Strait, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2002Google Scholar

Malvern, Linda, Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide, Verso, London, 2004Google Scholar

Mansfield, Ian, Stepping into a Minefield: A Life Dedicated to Landmine Clearance Around the World, Big Sky Publishing, Newport, 2015Google Scholar

Martin, Ian, Self-determination in East Timor: The United Nations, the Ballot, and International Intervention, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McGuire, Annabel, Bredhauer, Renee, and Warfe, Peter, Review of Group Treatment Programmes: Final Report, Centre for Military and Veterans’ Health, Brisbane, 2011Google Scholar

McGuire, Annabel, Waller, Michael, Bleier, Jonathan, Loos, Colleen, Nielsen, Lisa, Cosgrove, Tegan, McClintock, Christine, Nasveld, Peter, Treloar, Susan and Dobson, Annette, Bougainville Health Study: Project Completion Report, Centre for Military and Veterans’ Health, Brisbane, 2009Google Scholar

Jackson, Peter, and Albrecht, Paul, East Timor Health Study: Project Completion Report, Centre for Military and Veterans’ Health, Brisbane, 2009Google Scholar

McGuire, Annabel, Waller, Michael, D’Este, Cate, McClintock, Christine, Treloar, Susan and Dobson, Annette, Solomon Islands Health Study: Project Completion Report, Centre for Military and Veterans’ Health, Brisbane, 2009Google Scholar

McNeill, I., The Team: Australian Army Advisers in Vietnam 1962–1972, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1992Google Scholar

Mickler, David, and Lyons, Tanya (eds), New Engagement: Contemporary Australian Foreign Policy Towards Africa, MUP, Carlton, 2013Google Scholar

Minear, Larry, and Guillot, Philippe, Soldiers to the Rescue: Humanitarian Lessons from Rwanda, OECD, Paris, 1996Google Scholar

Mroczkowski, Colonel Dennis P., Restoring Hope: In Somalia with the Unified Task Force, 1992–1993, History Division, US Marine Corps, Washington DC, 2005Google Scholar

Negash, Tekeste, and Tronvoll, Kjetil, Brothers at War: Making Sense of the Eritrean–Ethiopian War, James Currey, Oxford, 2000Google Scholar

Newitt, Malyn, Portugal in Africa: The Last Hundred Years, Hurst, London, 1981Google Scholar

O’Halloran, Kevin, Pure Massacre: Aussie Soldiers Reflect on the Rwandan Genocide, Big Sky Publishing, Newport, 2010Google Scholar

Olonisakin, Funmi, Peacekeeping in Sierra Leone: The Story of UNAMSIL, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, 2008Google Scholar

Palazzo, Albert, The History of the Royal Australian Corps of Transport, 1973–2000, Army History Unit, Canberra, 2001Google Scholar

Parry, Bill (ed.), We were There in the RAR, self-published, Mango Hill, Qld, 2005Google Scholar

Patman, Robert G., Strategic Shortfall: The Somalia Syndrome and the March to 9/11, Praeger, Santa Barbara, 2010CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pearn, John, Reflections on Rwanda: A Selected Photo-archive of Service with the Forward Surgical Team, the Australian Medical Support Force, UNAMIR II, Rwanda, Department of Child Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 1995Google Scholar

Perito, Robert M., The American Experience with Police in Peace Operations, Canadian Peacekeeping Press, Clementsport, 2002Google Scholar

Perito, Robert M., Where is the Lone Ranger When We Need Him? America’s Search for Postconflict Stability, US Institute of Peace Press, Washington DC, 2004Google Scholar

Peterson, Kirtland C., Prout, Maurice F., and Schwarz, Robert A., Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – A Clinician’s Guide, Plenum Press, New York, 1992Google Scholar

Pham, J. Peter, Child Soldiers, Adult Interests: The Global Dimensions of the Sierra Leonean Tragedy, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2005Google Scholar

Pickard, Terry, Combat Medic: An Australian’s Eyewitness Account of the Kibeho Massacre, Big Sky Publishing, Wavell Heights, Qld, 2008Google Scholar

Polman, Linda, We Did Nothing: Why the Truth Doesn’t Always Come Out When the UN Goes In, trans. Bland, Rob, Viking Books, London, 2003 (first published 1997)Google Scholar

Pratten, Garth, and Harper, Glyn (comp. and ed.), Still the Same: Reflections on Active Service from Bardia to Baidoa, Army Doctrine Centre, Georges Heights, NSW, 1996Google Scholar

Prins, Gwyn, The Heart of War: On Power, Conflict and Obligation in the Twenty-First Century, Routledge, London 2002Google Scholar

Prunier, Gérard, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide, Columbia University Press, New York, 1995Google Scholar

Prunier, Gérard, Africa’s World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe, New York, OUP, 2009Google Scholar

Rebelo, P., Transitioning Mine Action Programmes to National Ownership: Mozambique, Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, Geneva, March 2012Google Scholar

Reyntjens, Filip, The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006, New York, CUP, 2009CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richards, David, Taking Command, Headline, London, 2014Google Scholar

Richards, David, and Mills, Greg (ed.), Victory Among People: Lessons from Countering Insurgency and Stabilising Fragile States, Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, London, 2011Google Scholar

Rouvez, Alain, Disconsolate Empires: French, British and Belgian Military Involvement in Post-Colonial Sub-Saharan Africa, University Press of America, Lanham, 1994Google Scholar

Runge, C., Kanesarajah, J., Loos, C, Waller, M., and Nasveld, P., Rwanda Deployment Health Study, Centre for Military and Veterans’ Health, Brisbane, 2014Google Scholar

Samatar, S.S., Somalia: A Nation in Turmoil, Minority Rights Group, London, 1991Google Scholar

Schmidt, Hans, The United States Occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 1971Google Scholar

Shay, Saul, Somalia between Jihad and Restoration, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2008Google Scholar

Siegel, Adam B, The Intervasion of Haiti, Centre for Naval Analyses, Alexandra, VA, professional paper 539, August 1996Google Scholar

Simons, Ana, Networks of Dissolution: Somalia Undone, Westview Press, Boulder, 1995Google Scholar

Smith, Hugh (ed.), Peacekeeping Challenges for the Future, Australian Defence Studies Centre, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, 1993Google Scholar

Smith, Hugh, (ed.), International Peacekeeping: Building on the Cambodian Experience, Australian Defence Studies Centre, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, 1994Google Scholar

Smith, Karen E., and Light, Margot, Ethics and Foreign Policy, CUP, Cambridge, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith-Höhn, Judy, Rebuilding the Security Sector in Post-conflict Societies, LIT Verlag, Berlin, 2011Google Scholar

Somalia: UNOSOM II, Australian Services Contingent IV, 19 May – 22 November 1994, Australian and NZ Defender Magazine, Brisbane, 1995Google Scholar

Southern African Research and Documentation Centre, Interim Report on the Nature and Conduct of Mozambique’s General Elections, SARDC, 2 November 1994Google Scholar

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI Yearbook 2001: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, OUP, Oxford, 2001Google Scholar

Strategic Survey 1983–1984, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, 1984Google Scholar

Strategic Survey 1994–1995, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, 1995Google Scholar

Synge, Richard, Mozambique: UN Peacekeeping in Action, 1992–94, United States Institute of Peace, Washington DC, 1997Google Scholar

Turay, Edward D.A., and Abraham, Arthur, The Sierra Leone Army: A Century of History, Macmillan, London, 1987Google Scholar

Tyquin, Michael, Little by Little: A Centenary History of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Australian Military History Publications, Loftus, NSW, 2003Google Scholar

van der Kolk, Bessel, McFarlane, Alexander C., and Weisaeth, Lars, Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society, Guilford Press, New York, 1996Google Scholar

van Heorden, R., Four Ball, One Tracer: Commanding Executive Outcomes in Angola and Sierra Leone, Helion & Company, Solihull, 2012Google Scholar

Van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni, Mozambique – A Country in Transition, South African Institute of International Affairs Brief Report 11/90, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1990Google Scholar

Venter, A.J., Gunship Ace: The Wars of Neall Ellis, Helicopter Pilot and Mercenary, Casemate, Newbury, 2011Google Scholar

Wlodarczyk, Nathalie, Magic and Warfare: Appearance and Reality in Contemporary African Conflict and Beyond, Palgrave MacMillan, New York, 2009CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wrong, Michela, I Didn’t Do It For You: How the World Abused a Small African Nation, Harper Perennial, London, 2005Google Scholar

Young, Allan, The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1997Google Scholar

Young, John W., and Kent, John, International Relations Since 1945: A Global History, OUP, Oxford, 2004Google Scholar

Abdullah, Ibrahim, ‘Bush path to destruction: The origin and character of the Revolutionary United Front’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abdullah, Ibrahim and Muana, Patrick, ‘The Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone’, in Clapham, C. (ed.), African Guerrillas, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1998Google Scholar

Abiola, Seun, and Alghali, Zinurine, ‘An overview of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda: Resolution 1325’ in Conflict Trends, issue 2, 2013Google Scholar

Adler, Amy B., Litz, Brett T., and Bartone, Paul T., ‘The nature of peacekeeping stressors’, in Britt, Thomas W. and Adler, Amy B. (eds), The Psychology of the Peacekeeper, Praeger, Westport, 2003Google Scholar

Anderson, Gary, ‘UNOSOM II: Not failure, not success’, in Daniel, Donald C., and Hayes, Bradd C. (eds), Beyond Traditional Peacekeeping, St Martin’s Press, New York, 1995Google Scholar

Armfield, Follin, ‘Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from military operations’, Military Medicine, vol. 159, no. 12, 1994CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Armstrong-Whitworth, Peter, ‘SHIRBRIG: The future of Canada’s contribution to UN peace operations?’, Canadian Military Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, 2007Google Scholar

Atkinson, Rob, ‘The role of defence health in military operations other than war – A research proposal’, Australian Defence Force Journal, vol. 154, May/June 2002Google Scholar

Bartone, Paul, Adler, Amy B., and Vaitkus, Mark, ‘Dimensions of psychological stress in peacekeeping operations’, Military Medicine, vol. 163, no. 9, 1998CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beazley, Kim, ‘The Hawke years, foreign affairs and defence’, in Ryan, Susan, and Bramston, Troy (eds), The Hawke Government: A Critical Retrospective, Pluto Press Australia, Melbourne, 2003Google Scholar

Bereketeab, Redie, ‘The Eritrea–Ethiopia conflict and the Algiers Agreement: Eritrea’s road to isolation’, in Reid, Richard (ed.), Eritrea’s External Relations: Understanding its Regional Role and Foreign Policy, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 2009Google Scholar

Bleier, J., McFarlane, A., McGuire, A., Treloar, S., Waller, M., and Dobson, A., ‘Risk of adverse health outcomes associated with frequency and duration of deployment with the Australian Defence Force’, Military Medicine, vol. 176, no. 2, 2011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bolton, Elisa, Litz, Brett, Britt, Thomas, Adler, Amy, and Roemer, Lizabeth, ‘Reports of prior exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD in troops poised for deployment’, Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 14, no. 1, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Britt, Thomas, Adler, Amy, and Bartone, Paul, ‘Deriving benefits from stressful events: The role of engagement in meaningful work and hardiness’, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, vol. 6, no. 1, 2001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brooks, Samantha K., Byrne, Don G., and Hodson, Stephanie E., ‘Non-combat occupational stress: A review of factors and measurement issues for the Australian Defence Force’, in Kearney, George, Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), The Management of Stress in the Australian Defence Force: Human Factors, Families, and the Welfare of Military Personnel Away from the Combat Zone, Department of Defence, Canberra, 2001Google Scholar

Brounéus, Karen, ‘On return from peacekeeping: A review of current research on psychological well-being in military personnel returning from operational deployment’, Journal of Military and Veterans Health, vol. 22, no. 1, 2014Google Scholar

Brown, Bob, ‘Australia’s involvement in East Timor peace support operations – Lessons learnt’, Proceedings of 42nd Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association, Edinburgh, 2000, <www.internationalMTA.org> (retrieved 10 November 2005)Google Scholar

Call, Chuck, and Barnett, Michael, ‘Looking for a few good cops: Peacekeeping, peacebuilding and CIVPOL’, in Holm, Tor Tank, and Eide, Espen Barth (eds), Peacebuilding and Police Reform, Frank Cass, London, 2000Google Scholar

Cammaert, Patrick, ‘Intelligence in peacekeeping operations: Lessons for the future’, in de Jong, Ben, et al. (ed.), Peacekeeping Intelligence: Emerging Concepts for the Future, OSS International Press, Oakton, 2003Google Scholar

Carim, Enver, ‘Introducing Somalia’, African Guide 1983, World of Information, Essex, 1983Google Scholar

Chisnall, G.A., ‘The value of military advisory teams: Lessons from the Australian experience in Sierra Leone’, Australian Army Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, 2003Google Scholar

Clarke, Walter S., ‘Background information for Operation Restore Hope 1992–93’, SSI Special Report, Strategy Studies Institute, US Army War College, 1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Condé, Anne-Marie, ‘“The ordeal of adjustment”: Australian psychiatric casualties of the Second World War’, War and Society, vol. 15, no. 2, 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Connaughton, Richard, ‘Operation “Barras”’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, vol. 12, no. 2, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Connor, John, ‘Bravery under fire’, Wartime, no. 37, 2009Google Scholar

Connaughton, Richard, ‘Intervention and domestic politics’, in Horner, David, Londey, Peter, and Bou, Jean (eds), Australian Peacekeeping: Sixty Years in the Field, CUP, Melbourne, 2009 Connor, JohnGoogle Scholar

Creamer, Mark, and Forbes, DavidCreamer, Mark, and Forbes, David, ‘Long-term effects of traumatic stress’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Creamer, Mark, and Forbes, David, ‘The treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Creamer, Mark, and Forbes, David, ‘Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations’, Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, vol. 41, no. 4, 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Creamer, Mark, and O’Donnell, Meaghan, ‘Post-traumatic stress disorder’, Current Opinion in Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 2, 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Creamer, Mark, and Singh, Bruce, ‘An integrated approach to veteran and military mental health: An overview of the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health’, Australasian Psychiatry, vol. 11, no. 2, 2003Google Scholar

Delaney, Douglas E., ‘Cutting, running, or otherwise? The US decision to withdraw from Somalia’, Small War and Insurgencies, vol. 15, no. 3, 2004Google Scholar

D’Hage, Adrian S., ‘The military and the media’, United Service, vol. 46, no. 4, 1993Google Scholar

Dirkzwager, Anja, Bramsen, I., and van der Ploeg, Henk, ‘Social support, coping, life events, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among former peacekeepers: A prospective study’, Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 34, no. 8, 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dorn, A. Walter, ‘The cloak and the blue beret: Limitations on intelligence in UN peacekeeping’, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, vol. 12, no. 4, 1999CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dufka, Corinne, ‘Sierra Leone: Getting away with murder, mutilation, and rape’, Human Rights Watch, vol. 11, no. 3(A), 1999Google Scholar

Dunne, Tim, and Wheeler, Nicholas J., ‘Blair’s Britain: A force for good in the world?’, in Smith, Karen E., and Light, Margot (eds), Ethics and Foreign Policy, CUP, Cambridge, 2001Google Scholar

Eckund, Marshall V., ‘Task Force Ranger vs urban Somali guerrillas in Mogadishu: An analysis of guerrillas and counterguerrilla tactics and techniques used during Operation GOTHIC SERPENT’, Small War and Insurgencies, vol. 15, no. 3, 2004Google Scholar

Evans, Gareth, ‘Australia’s place in the world: The dynamics of foreign policy decision-making’, in Ball, Desmond (ed.), Australia and the World: Prologue and Prospects, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU, Canberra, 1990Google Scholar

Fitzsimmons, Scott, ‘When few stood against many: Explaining Executive Outcomes’ victory in the Sierra Leonean civil war’, Defence Studies, vol. 13, no. 2, 2013CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Forbes, David, O’Donnell, Meaghan, Brand, Rachel M., Korn, Sam, Creamer, Mark, McFarlane, Alexander C., Sim, Malcolm R., Forbes, Andrew B., and Hawthorne, Graeme, ‘The long-term mental health impact of peacekeeping: Prevalence and predictors of psychiatric disorder’, British Journal of Psychiatry Open, vol. 2, no. 1, 2016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Francis, D.J., ‘Mercenary intervention in Sierra Leone: Providing national security or international exploitation?’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 2, 1999CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ganzglass, Martin R., ‘The restoration of the Somali justice system’, International Peacekeeping, vol. 3, no. 1, 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gberie, Lansana, ‘Revisiting Sierra Leone’s “rebel” war: Reflections on evidence from the TRC and the SCSL’, Journal of Sierra Leone Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012Google Scholar

Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, ‘Evaluation of the UNMEE Mine Action Coordination Centre’, Geneva, 2005Google Scholar

Girard, Philippe R., ‘Peacekeeping, politics, and the 1994 US intervention in Haiti’, Journal of Conflict Studies, vol. 24, no. 1, 2004Google Scholar

Godwin, Ashlee, and Haenlein, Cathy, ‘Security-sector reform in Sierra Leone: The UK assistance mission in transition’, RUSI Journal, vol. 158, no. 6, 2013CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldsworthy, David, ‘Regional relations’, in Edwards, Peter, and Goldsworthy, David (eds), Facing North: A Century of Australian Engagement with Asia, vol. 2: 1970s to 2000, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Grossman, Dave, ‘Human factors in war: The psychology of close combat’, in Evans, Michael, and Ryan, Alan (eds), The Human Face of Warfare – Killing, Fear and Chaos in Battle, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2000Google Scholar

Haenlein, Cathy, and Godwin, Ashlee, ‘Containing Ebola: A test for post-conflict security sector reform in Sierra Leone’, Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, vol. 4, no. 1, 2015CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, Donald P., ‘Stress, suicide and military service during Operation Uphold Democracy’, Military Medicine, vol. 161, no. 3, 1996CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Han, Chang-Su, and Kim, Yong-Ku, ‘Psychiatric symptoms reported by international peacekeeping personnel in the Western Sahara Desert’, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, vol. 189, no. 12, 2001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hawley, Lieutenant Colonel A., ‘Rwanda 1994: A study of medical support in military humanitarian operations’, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, no. 143, 1997CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hearder, R. ‘Gulf War Syndrome’, in Horner, David, The Official History of Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post–Cold War Operations, vol. 2: Australia and the ‘New World Order’, CUP, Melbourne, 2011Google Scholar

Helman, Gerald B., and Ratner, Steven, ‘Saving failed states’, Foreign Policy, no. 89, Winter 1992–93Google Scholar

Higgott, Richard A., ‘Australia and Africa’, in Boyce Peter, J., and Angel, James R. (eds), Independence and Alliance: Australia in World Affairs 1976–80, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1992Google Scholar

Hodson, Stephanie, Ward, David, and Rapee, Ron, ‘Postdeployment predictors of traumatic stress: Rwanda, a case study’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Hoge, Charles W., McGurk, Dennis, Thomas, Jeffrey L., Cox, Anthony L., Engel, Charles C., and Castro, Carl A., ‘Mild traumatic brain injury in US soldiers returning from Iraq’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 358, no. 5, 2008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hough, Leslie, ‘A study of peacekeeping, peace enforcement and private military companies in Sierra Leone’, African Security Review, vol. 16, no. 4, 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howe, Herbert M., ‘Private security forces and African stability: The case of Executive Outcomes’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hutchison, Mark R., ‘Restoring hope: UN Security Council resolutions for Somalia and an Expanded Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention’, Harvard International Law Journal, vol. 34, Spring 1993Google Scholar

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision), World Health Organisation, 2003, <www3.who.int/icd/vol1htm2003/fr-icd.htm> (retrieved 20 November 2005)+(retrieved+20+November+2005)>Google Scholar

James, Eric, ‘Media, genocide and international response: Another look at Rwanda’, Small War and Insurgencies, vol. 19, no. 4, 2008Google Scholar

Johansson, Eva, and Larsson, Gerry, ‘A model for understanding stress and daily experiences among soldiers in peacekeeping operations’, International Peacekeeping, vol. 5, no. 3, 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johnson, P., ‘Mozambique is not Angola or Cambodia, but the UN is running out of excuses (and time)’, Southern African Research and Documentation Centre, c. March 1993Google Scholar

Jones, Edgar, and Wessely, Simon, ‘The origins of British military psychiatry before the First World War’, War and Society, vol. 19, no. 2, 2001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jones, Lieutenant Colonel T.R., ‘UNOSOM II – The ongoing conflict’, Combat Arms, no. 2, 1993Google Scholar

Jordan, Paul, ‘Witness to genocide: A personal account of the 1995 Kibeho massacre’, Australian Army Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 2003Google Scholar

Kandeh, Jimmy D., ‘Transition without rupture: Sierra Leone’s transfer election of 1996’, African Studies Review, vol. 41, no. 2Google Scholar

Kelly, Michael J., ‘Legitimacy and the public security function’, in Oakley, Robert B., Dziedzic, Michael J., and Goldberg, Eliot M. (eds), Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security, National Defense University Press, Washington, 1998Google Scholar

Kennedy, Kevin M., ‘The relationship between the military and humanitarian organizations in Operation Restore Hope’, in Clarke, Walter, and Herbst, Jeffrey (eds), Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, Westview Press, Boulder, 1997Google Scholar

Kieseker, Peter, ‘Relationships between non-government organisations and multinational forces in the field’, in Smith, Hugh (ed.), Peacekeeping Challenges for the Future, Australian Defence Studies Centre, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, 1993Google Scholar

Kingston, Gary, ‘J Troop, 3 SAS Sqn, Somalia, April–November 1994’, in Malone, M.J. (ed.), SAS: A Pictorial History of the Australian Special Air Service 1957–1997, Imprimatur Books, Claremont, WA, 1998Google Scholar

Laegrid, Turid, ‘UN peacekeeping in Rwanda’, in Adelman, Howard, and Suhrke, Astri (eds), The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1999Google Scholar

Last, Alex, ‘A very personal war Eritrea Ethiopia 1998–2000’, in Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique, and Plaut, Martin (eds), Unfinished Business: Eritrea and Ethiopia at War, Red Sea Press, Asmara, 2005Google Scholar

Le Grys, B.J., ‘British military involvement in Sierra Leone, 2001–2006’, in Jackson, P., and Albrecht, P. (eds), Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone 1997–2007: Views from the Front Line, LIT Verlag, Berlin, 2010Google Scholar

Levey, M.J., Cotton, Colonel A.J., and Creamer, Professor M., ‘Screening for adjustment difficulties after peacekeeping missions’, Proceedings of 44th Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association, Ottawa, Canada, October 2002, <www.internationalMTA.org> (retrieved 10 November 2005)Google Scholar

Litz, Brett T., Gray, Matt J., and Bolton, Elisa E., ‘Posttraumatic stress disorder following peacekeeping operations’, in Britt, Thomas W., and Adler, Amy B. (eds), The Psychology of the Peacekeeper, Praeger, Westport, CT, 2003Google Scholar

Litz, B., King, L., King, D., Orsillo, S., and Friedman, M., ‘Warriors as peacekeepers: Features of the Somalia experience and PTSD’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 65, no. 6, 1997CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Litz, B., Orsillo, S., Friedman, M., Ehlich, P., and Batres, A., ‘Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with peacekeeping duty in Somalia for US military personnel’, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 154, no. 2, 1997Google Scholar

Litz, Brett T., Stein, Nathan, Delaney, Eileen, Lebowitz, Leslie, Nash, William P., Silva, Caroline, and Maguen, Shira, ‘Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy’, Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 29, no. 8, 2009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Livingston, Steven, ‘Clarifying the CNN effect: An examination of media effects according to type of military intervention’, Research Paper R-18, Joan Shorenstein Center, Harvard University, June 1997Google Scholar

Logue, Peter, ‘Major reforms advocated for the United Nations’, Backgrounder, vol. 2, no. 15, 1991Google Scholar

Lyons, Tanya, ‘Australian foreign policy towards Africa’, in Cotton, J., and Ravenhill, J. (eds), Middle Power Dreaming: Australia in World Affairs 2006–2010, OUP, Melbourne, 2011Google Scholar

Mackay, Angela, ‘Mainstreaming gender in United Nations peacekeeping training: Examples from East Timor, Ethiopia and Eritrea’, in Mazurana, Dyan, et al. (eds), Gender, Conflict and Peacekeeping, Rowman & Littlefield, Oxford, 2005Google Scholar

Maingot, Anthony P., ‘Haiti: The political rot within’, Current History, vol. 94, no. 589, 1995CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mansfield, Ian, ‘Landmines, Australia and peacekeeping’, in Bou, J., Horner, D.M., and Londey, P., Australian Peacekeeping: Sixty Years in the Field, CUP, Melbourne, 2009Google Scholar

Marin, Peter, ‘Living in moral pain’, Psychology Today, November 1981Google Scholar

Marshall, Ric, ‘Managing stress in deployed operations’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Martin, Ian, ‘Keeping the peace – The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea’, in Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique, and Plaut, Martin (eds), Unfinished Business: Eritrea and Ethiopia at War, Red Sea Press, Asmara, 2005Google Scholar

McFarlane, Alexander C., ‘Military mental health in the 21st century’, ADF Health, vol. 4, no. 1, 2003Google Scholar

Mellor, Colonel W.J.A., ‘Operation Restore Hope: The Australian experience’, US Army War College, 1995Google Scholar

Michel, Per-Olof, Lundlin, Tom, and Larsson, Gerry, ‘Stress reactions among Swedish peacekeeping soldiers serving in Bosnia: A longitudinal study’, Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 16, no. 6, 2003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mickler, David, and Pijovic, Nikola, ‘Engaging an elephant in the room? Locating Africa in Australian foreign policy’, Australian Journal of Politics and History, vol. 61, no. 1, 2015CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mills, Greg, ‘BMATT and military integration in southern Africa’, South African Defence Review, no. 2, 1992Google Scholar

Mobekk, Eirin, ‘International involvement in restructuring and creating security forces: The case of Haiti’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, vol. 12, no. 3, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morrice, Leut A.J., ‘The Mogadishu Express: HMAS Jervis Bay’s contribution to Operation Solace’, Australian Defence Force Journal, No. 104, January/February 1994Google Scholar

Muir, Kristy, ‘“Living in a citadel”: The participation of mentally ill war veterans in Australian society’, paper presented at Australian Social Policy Conference, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 9–11 July 2003Google Scholar

Murphy, Peter J., ‘Postdeployment support’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Murphy, Peter J., Collyer, Robert S., Cotton, Anthony J., and Levey, Martin, ‘Psychological support to Australian Defence Force operations: A decade of transformation’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Murphy, Flying Stewart, Officer, ‘Mogadishu, Somalia – Our helping hand’, Australian Aviation, no. 94, March 1994Google Scholar

Nelson-Williams, A., ‘Restructuring the Republic of Sierra Leone armed forces’, Jackson, A, Albrecht, P., P. (eds), Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone 1997–2007: Views from the Front Line, LIT Verlag, Berlin, 2010Google Scholar

Odam, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas P., ‘Guerrillas from the mist: A defense attaché watches the Rwandan Patriotic Front transform from insurgent to counter insurgent’, Small Wars Journal, vol. 5, July 2006Google Scholar

O’Donnell, Meaghan, Creamer, Mark, and Pattison, Phillipa, ‘Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: Understanding comorbidity’, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 161, August 2004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Orsillo, Susan M., Roemer, Lizabeth, Litz, Brett T., Ehlich, Pete, and Friedman, Matthew J., ‘Psychiatric symptomatology associated with contemporary peacekeeping: An examination of post-mission functioning among peacekeepers in Somalia’, Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 11, no. 4, 1998CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Oswald, Major B., ‘Peacekeeping in Rwanda – a lawyer’s experience’, Australian Law Journal, vol. 70, January 1996Google Scholar

Otunnu, Ogenga, ‘An historical analysis of the invasion by the Rwandan Patriotic Army’, in Adelman, Howard, and Suhrke, Astri (eds), The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1999Google Scholar

Otunnu, Ogenga, ‘Rwandan refugees and immigrants in Uganda’, in Adelman, Howard, and Suhrke, Astri (eds), The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1999.Google Scholar

Paris, Roland, ‘Peacebuilding in Central America: Reproducing the sources of conflict’, International Peacekeeping, vol. 9, no. 4, 2004Google Scholar

Pearn, J., ‘Traumatic stress disorders: A classification with implications for prevention and management’, Military Medicine, vol. 165, no. 6, 2000CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pemberton, Gregory, ‘Australia and the United States’, in Boyce, P.J., and Angel, J.R. (eds), Diplomacy in the Marketplace: Australia and World Affairs 1981–90, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1992Google Scholar

Pham, J. Peter, ‘Democracy by force? Lessons from the restoration of the state in Sierra Leone’, Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, vol. 6, no. 1, 2005Google Scholar

Phelps, A.J. et al., ‘The utility of moral injury’, in Frame, T. (ed.), Moral Injury: Unseen Wounds in an Age of Barbarism, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2015Google Scholar

Plaut, Martin, ‘Background to war: From friends to foes’, in Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique, and Plaut, Martin (eds), Unfinished Business: Eritrea and Ethiopia at War, Red Sea Press, Asmara, 2005Google Scholar

Plaut, Martin, ‘The conflict and its aftermath’, in Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique, and Plaut, Martin (eds), Unfinished Business: Eritrea and Ethiopia at War, Red Sea Press, Asmara, 2005Google Scholar

Prunier, Gérard, ‘Opération Turquoise: A humanitarian escape from a political dead end’, in Adelman, Howard, and Suhrke, Astri (eds), The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1999Google Scholar

Ragsdale, Katie A., Neer, Sandra M., Beidel, Deborah C., Frueh, B., Christopher, and Stout, Jeremy W., ‘Posttraumatic stress disorder in OEF/OIF veterans with and without traumatic brain injury’, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 27, no. 4, 2013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ray, Robert, ‘The strategic imperative of the move to the north’, in Horner, David (ed.), The Army and the Future: Land Forces in Australia and South-East Asia, Directorate of Departmental Publications, Canberra, 1992Google Scholar

Richards, David, ‘Sierra Leone: Pregnant with lessons’, in Richards, David, and Mills, Greg (eds), Victory Among People: Lessons from Countering Insurgency and Stabilising Fragile States, Royal United Service Institute for Defence and Security Studies, London, 2011Google Scholar

Robinson, Piers, ‘Operation Restore Hope and the illusion of a news media driven intervention’, Political Studies, vol. 49, no. 5, 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Romses, Raymond, ‘View from the field’, in Azimi, Nassrine, and Lin, Chang Li (eds), The Reform Process of United Nations Peace Operations: Debriefing and Lessons: Report of the 2001 Singapore Conference, Kluwer Law International, London, 2001Google Scholar

Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, and Warfe, Peter, ‘Moral and philosophical challenges of a medical peacekeeping mission in Rwanda’, Australian Defence Force Journal, no. 118, May/June 1996Google Scholar

Rupiah, Martin, ‘The “expanding torrent”: British military assistance to the southern African region’, African Security Review, vol. 5, no. 4, 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ryan, Alan, ‘The strong lead-nation model in an ad-hoc Coalition of the Willing: Operation Stabilize in East Timor’, International Peacekeeping, vol. 9, no. 1, 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sales, J.R.D., ‘Somalia’, in Parry, Bill (ed.), We Were There in the RAR, self-published, Mango Hill, Qld, 2005Google Scholar

Schmidtchen, Major David, ‘What makes a successful peacekeeper: Australian peacekeepers’ perceptions’, Proceedings of 39th Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association, 1997, <www.internationalMTA.org> (retrieved 10 November 2005)+(retrieved+10+November+2005)>Google Scholar

Shaw, Captain Andrew, ‘Australian Intelligence Corps in Rwanda’, Bridges Review, 1995Google Scholar

Shigemura, Jun, and Nomura, Soichiro, ‘Mental health issues of peacekeeping workers’, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 56, no. 5, 2002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Smith, F.B., ‘Agent Orange: The Australian aftermath, in O’Keefe, Brendan G., Medicine at War: Medical Aspects of Australia’s Involvement in Southeast Asia 1950–1972, Allen & Unwin in association with AWM, Sydney, 1994Google Scholar

Smith, Gaddis, ‘Hatti: From intervention to intervasion’, Current History, vol. 94, no. 589, 1995Google Scholar

Spragg, Griffith S., ‘Post-traumatic stress disorder’, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 156, no. 10, 1992Google ScholarPubMed

Stewart, A., ‘An enduring commitment: The British military’s role in Sierra Leone’, Defence Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Taylor, L., ‘“We’ll kill you if you cry”: Sexual violence in the Sierra Leone conflict’, Human Rights Watch, vol. 15, no. 1 (A), 2003Google Scholar

Teferri, Abebe, and Nega, Berhanu, Impacts of the Ethio-Eritrian Border Conflict on the Performance of the Ethiopian Economy, working paper no. 3, Ethiopian Economics Association/Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, 2002Google Scholar

Thakur, Ramesh, ‘From peacekeeping to peace enforcement: The UN operation on Somalia, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 32, no. 3, 1994CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thomas, Lynn, and Spataro, Steve, ‘Peacekeeping and policing in Somalia’, in Oakley, Robert B., Dziedzic, Michael J., and Goldberg, Eliot M. (eds), Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security, National Defense University Press, Washington DC, 1998Google Scholar

Tidey, Corporal B.D., ‘The Kibeho massacre’, Bridges Review, 1995Google Scholar

Tiernan, Anne, ‘The learner: John Howard’s system of national security advice’, Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 61, no. 4, 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Toal, Mick, ‘Somalia – Back in Africa’, Australian Defender, no. 1, September 1993Google Scholar

Urquhart, B., ‘Some thoughts on Sierra Leone’, New York Review of Books, 15 June 2000Google Scholar

Utas, M., and Jörgel, M., ‘The West Side Boys: Military navigation in the Sierra Leone civil war’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 46, no. 3, 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Valvasori, Alan, ‘You don’t have to be mad – but it helps’, UniNews, vol. 36, no. 19, 29 October 2004Google Scholar

Van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni, ‘Mozambique: A country in transition’, South African Institute of International Affairs, 1 June 1990Google Scholar

Vira, V., ‘India and UN peacekeeping: Declining interest with grave implications’, Small Wars Journal, 31 July 2012Google Scholar

Waller, Michael, Treloar, Susan A., Sim, Malcolm R., McFarlane, Alexander C., McGuire, Annabel C., Bleier, Jonathan, and Dobson, Annette J., ‘Traumatic events, other operational stressors and physical and mental health reported by Australian Defence Force personnel following peacekeeping and war-like deployments’, BMC Psychiatry, vol. 12, no. 88, 2012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Warfe, P., ‘Post-traumatic stress and the Australian Defence Force: Lessons from peace operations in Rwanda and Lebanon’, in Evans, Michael, and Ryan, Alan (eds), The Human Face of Warfare: Killing, Fear and Chaos in Battle, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2000Google Scholar

Williams, Tony, ‘Out of the closet’, in Lennox, Gina (ed.), Forged by War: Australians in Combat and Back Home, MUP, Melbourne, 2005Google Scholar

Wilson, Carlene, Braithwaite, H., and Murphy, Peter J., ‘Psychological preparation for the battlefield’, in Kearney, George E., Creamer, Mark, Marshall, Ric, and Goyne, Anne (eds), Military Stress and Performance: The Australian Defence Force Experience, MUP, Carlton, 2003Google Scholar

Yates, Lawrence A., ‘Operation Restore Hope, Phases II and III, December 1992–May 1993’, and ‘Operation Restore Hope, Phases III and IV, December 1992–May 1993’, in Baumann, Robert F., and Yates, Lawrence A., with Washington, Versalle F., ‘My Clan Against the World’: US and Coalition Forces in Somalia 1992–1994, Combat Studies Institute Press, Fort Leavenworth, 2004Google Scholar

Breen, Bob, ‘Australian military force projection in the late 1980s and the 1990s: What happened and why?’, PhD thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 2006Google Scholar

Conciliation Resources, ‘Nigerian intervention in Sierra Leone’, London, October 2007Google Scholar

Conroy, Richard William, ‘Beyond peacekeeping: Strategies of United Nations peace enforcement in a turbulent world’, PhD dissertation, Notre Dame University, Indiana, 1994Google Scholar

Fischer, Joseph, Stewart, Richard, and Sandler, Stanley, ‘Army special operations force in Haiti: 1991–1995’, unpublished monograph, United States Army Special Operations Command, Directorate of History, Archives, Library and Museums, 1997Google Scholar

Harrison, John C., ‘The limits of Type D coercive diplomacy in Somalia’, thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterery, California, 1995Google Scholar

Hinge, Alan, ‘Australia’s search for self-reliance: A critique of Australian defence policy implementation and outcome 1985–2005’, PhD thesis, University of Canberra, 2006Google Scholar

Hodson, Stephanie E., ‘Key predictors of post-trauma symptomatology in military peacekeeping veterans’, PhD, Macquarie University, 2002Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘Eritrea the Siege State’, Africa Report No. 163, 21 September 2010Google Scholar

Lapaix, Lt Mario, Col, ‘US intervention in Haiti: An assessment of the international police monitoring program 1994–1995 and beyond’, thesis for the Joint Military Operations Department, (US) Naval War College, 2002Google Scholar

Muir, Kristy, ‘The hidden cost of war: The psychological effects of the Second World War and Indonesian Confrontation on Australian veterans and their families’, PhD, University of Wollongong, 2003Google Scholar

White, Dean, ‘The UK’s response to the Rwandan Genocide of 1994’, PhD thesis, Northumbria University, 2012Google Scholar

Breen, Bob, ‘Australian military force projection in the late 1980s and the 1990s: What happened and why?’, PhD thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, 2006Google Scholar

Conciliation Resources, ‘Nigerian intervention in Sierra Leone’, London, October 2007Google Scholar

Conroy, Richard William, ‘Beyond peacekeeping: Strategies of United Nations peace enforcement in a turbulent world’, PhD dissertation, Notre Dame University, Indiana, 1994Google Scholar

Fischer, Joseph, Stewart, Richard, and Sandler, Stanley, ‘Army special operations force in Haiti: 1991–1995’, unpublished monograph, United States Army Special Operations Command, Directorate of History, Archives, Library and Museums, 1997Google Scholar

Harrison, John C., ‘The limits of Type D coercive diplomacy in Somalia’, thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterery, California, 1995Google Scholar

Hinge, Alan, ‘Australia’s search for self-reliance: A critique of Australian defence policy implementation and outcome 1985–2005’, PhD thesis, University of Canberra, 2006Google Scholar

Hodson, Stephanie E., ‘Key predictors of post-trauma symptomatology in military peacekeeping veterans’, PhD, Macquarie University, 2002Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘Eritrea the Siege State’, Africa Report No. 163, 21 September 2010Google Scholar

Lapaix, Lt Mario, Col, ‘US intervention in Haiti: An assessment of the international police monitoring program 1994–1995 and beyond’, thesis for the Joint Military Operations Department, (US) Naval War College, 2002Google Scholar

Muir, Kristy, ‘The hidden cost of war: The psychological effects of the Second World War and Indonesian Confrontation on Australian veterans and their families’, PhD, University of Wollongong, 2003Google Scholar

White, Dean, ‘The UK’s response to the Rwandan Genocide of 1994’, PhD thesis, Northumbria University, 2012Google Scholar