The school to which Marc Bloch referred was, unquestionably, the Ecole Normale Supérieure. By identifying himself with the preceding classes, he associated himself with the classes which were marked by their Dreyfusard sympathies: critical of the army, often anti-clerical, and worried about anti-Semitism. Furthermore, as Alphonse Aulard noted in 1903, most of the students at the ENS were attracted to a moderate form of socialism associated with Jean Jaurès, a sympathy which Bloch shared. The normaliens of Bloch's year and their predecessors were also characterized by the nature of their academic work which was shaped in part by both the institutional structures in which they found themselves and the intellectual atmosphere of the times.

Bloch entered the ENS at the age of eighteen in 1904. That was the same year in which the school became united with the University of Paris and was given a new director, Ernest Lavisse.