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10 - Rivers and lakes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

Ian Strangeways
Affiliation:
TerraData
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Summary

Going up that river was like travelling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings. An empty stream, a great silence, an impenetrable forest. The air was warm, thick, heavy, sluggish. There was no joy in the brilliance of sunshine. The long stretches of the waterway ran on, deserted, into the gloom of overshadowed distances. On silvery sandbanks hippos and alligators sunned themselves side by side. The broadening waters flowed through a mob of wooded islands, and butted all day long against shoals, trying to find a channel till you thought yourself bewitched and cut off for ever from everything you had known once — somewhere — far away — in another existence perhaps.

Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness (steaming up the Congo River).

Sensors for measuring the quality and quantity of surface water, including the oceans, and groundwater are similar in principle, and so it makes for greater clarity if this chapter is organised by sensor type rather than by application.

Measuring water level

Staff gauges

Graduated staff gauges are widely used for the manual measurement of rivers, lakes and sea level. They are usually installed vertically in the river bed or fixed to a weir (Fig. 10.1(a)), bridge or harbour wall. Boards are made in 1-m and 2-m lengths and are about 15 cm wide, fixed one above the other to cover greater depths, and marked to span up to 12 m, or more.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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References

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  • Rivers and lakes
  • Ian Strangeways, TerraData
  • Book: Measuring the Natural Environment
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087254.010
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  • Rivers and lakes
  • Ian Strangeways, TerraData
  • Book: Measuring the Natural Environment
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087254.010
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Rivers and lakes
  • Ian Strangeways, TerraData
  • Book: Measuring the Natural Environment
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087254.010
Available formats
×