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7 - Substance abuse in youth offenders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2009

By
Deborah R. Simkin
Edited by
Carol L. Kessler  and
Louis James Kraus
Deborah R. Simkin
Affiliation:
4641 Gulfstarr Drive Suite 106 Destin, FL 32541 USA
Carol L. Kessler
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Louis James Kraus
Affiliation:
Rush University, Chicago
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Summary

Introduction

A Congressional study in 2004 found that two-thirds of juvenile detention facilities hold youth who are waiting for community based mental health care. Part of the lack of services can possibly be related to a shortage of both outpatient community based and inpatient beds. Overall, the number of inpatient psychiatric beds per capita for adults and children in the United States has dropped by 62 percent since 1970. Publicly run facilities (state and county) have had a more dramatic decline of 89 percent inpatient psychiatric beds per capita. Due to the lack of facilities, a 2003 study by the General Accounting Office found that 9000 families relinquished custody of their children to juvenile justice systems for the sole purpose of accessing mental health services they could not find or afford. However, in 2001, only 16 percent of crimes committed by juveniles were violent. So we have a history of decreased mental health services, increased numbers of youth who are housed in juvenile justice systems awaiting treatment, and insufficient resources either in the juvenile justice facilities or in the community to handle the needs of these youth (Koppelman, 2005).

Although adolescents in the juvenile justice system experience much higher rates of psychiatric disorders than adolescents in the general population (Shelton, 2001), what brings them to the attention of the juvenile justice system is an often co-occurring substance abuse disorder.

Keywords

juvenile justice systempsychiatric disordersrisk factorssubstance abuseyouth offenders
Type
Chapter
Information
The Mental Health Needs of Young Offenders
Forging Paths toward Reintegration and Rehabilitation
 , pp. 146 - 179
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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