Conversations about the involvement of States in the work of the International Criminal Court often focus on the role of State cooperation in enabling the ICC to effectively carry out criminal trials. However, there is a dimension to this cooperation that is less well explored. When the ICC calls on the assistance of States, or States otherwise become involved in its functioning, this can have an impact on the human rights of individuals involved in ICC proceedings. This simultaneous involvement of States and the ICC, whilst essential and unavoidable, can insert ambiguity and uncertainty into the protection of individuals, leaving the door open for human rights violations. This book examines the phenomenon of multi-actor human rights protection at the ICC in order to understand the obligations of the actors involved, identify potential problems that may arise for human rights protection, and propose possible solutions to mitigate these problems.