AMONG the Pannonians, therefore, three brothers were born to Pan, prince of the Pannonians. The first was named Lech, the second Rus and the third Czech. These three held the three kingdoms of the Lechites [Poles], Russians and Czechs (or Bohemians)… ‘Germo’ is a type of vehicle in which two oxen are yoked together to draw a plough or pull a cart, and so the Germans and the Slavs, having common borders, pull together; there is no people in the world so familiar and friendly to one another as the Slavs and Germans … We should not forget the Hungarians, who also are Slavs, named after a river called the Wkra.

The mythical common descent of the founding fathers of the Slavonic nations, expounded here by the Chronicle of Greater Poland, composed around 1295, reflects an idea of a community of central European realms, which was informed by various relationships between Poland, Bohemia, (south-western) Rus′ and (non-Slavonic) Hungary throughout the central and later Middle Ages. Legendary unity became brief reality when Vaclav III of Bohemia (1305) was also king of Hungary (1301) and Poland (1306). In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the Lithuano-Polish house of Jogaila (Jagiełło) would achieve a similar, and slightly less fragile, dynastic hegemony. The image of Germanic and Slavonic oxen ploughing a common furrow is particularly appropriate to a world where farmers, artisans and clergy from north-western Christendom and the empire settled on a considerable scale throughout central Europe.