Chapter 11 addresses new naval technologies. It does not deal with those new technologies that merely enhance known capabilities (such as stealth or missile and anti-missile systems) and that can be considered as being in compliance with the contemporary law of the sea and the law of naval warfare. Rather, the Chapter focuses on unmanned maritime systems (UMS), which are increasingly used for a variety of purposes, including military operations. The unresolved legal issues relate to the legal status of UMS, their operation and their navigational rights in various sea areas, and their use and protection under the law of naval warfare and the law of maritime neutrality. The Chapter also focuses on undersea infrastructure, such as submarine cables and pipelines and other devices placed on the seabed. It analyzes the gaps in the law of the sea and the law of naval warfare with regard to the status and protection of undersea infrastructure and provides proposals on how the existing legal framework could be adapted to better meet the increasing importance of said infrastructure.