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3 - Gonadotrophin receptors

from Part I - Normal development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2010

By
Manuel Tena-Sempere ,
Jerome Levallet  and
Ilpo Huhtaniemi
Edited by
Adam H. Balen ,
Sarah M. Creighton ,
Melanie C. Davies ,
Jane MacDougall  and
Richard Stanhope
Manuel Tena-Sempere
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
Jerome Levallet
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Caen, France
Ilpo Huhtaniemi
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Finland
Adam H. Balen
Affiliation:
Leeds Teaching Hospitals, University Trust
Sarah M. Creighton
Affiliation:
University College London Hospitals
Melanie C. Davies
Affiliation:
University College London
Jane MacDougall
Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
Richard Stanhope
Affiliation:
Great Ormond Street Hospital
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Summary

Introduction

Physiological and biochemical studies have established the role of gonadotrophins and their receptors in great detail in the regulation of reproductive functions. However, structural studies of genes for the gonadotrophin subunits and gonadotrophin receptors have provided reproductive endocrinologists with improved tools to study normal and pathological functions of the hypothalamic—pituitary—gonadal (HPG) axis. In this chapter, we review the current concepts of normal and pathological functions of the gonadotrophin receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Amongst the most intriguing novel findings in this field are the recently discovered activating and inactivating mutations in gonadotrophin receptor genes. They corroborate and extend our knowledge of clinical consequences of gonadotrophin resistance and inappropriate gonadotrophin action. The information obtained from human mutations has been complemented by animal models with disrupted or inappropriately activated gonadotrophin ligand or receptor genes (transgenic and knockout mice). These clinical and experimental genetic disease models form a powerful tool for exploring the physiology and pathophysiology of gonadotrophin function and provide good examples of the use of molecular biological approaches to explore the pathogenesis of diseases.

LH and FSH play a crucial role in reproductive functions. Their effects on specific gonadal target cells are mediated by their cognate receptors, the LH receptor (R) and FSHR. This chapter reviews key information about structure, function and physiological and pathophysiological correlates of the gonadotrophin receptors.

Type
Chapter
Information
Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology
A Multidisciplinary Approach
 , pp. 22 - 43
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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