“Political Islam” began organizing in Mandatory Palestine before 1948. The Muslim Brotherhood, founded in Egypt in the 1920s, did not begin to take an interest in events in Palestine until the mid-1930s. After the eruption of the Palestinian revolt against the British and to protest Jewish immigration, in 1936, movement representatives came from Egypt to encourage the Palestinians in their struggle. The first local branch of the Muslim Brotherhood was founded in Jerusalem in 1946. During the 1948 war, three battalions of volunteers from the Brotherhood enlisted in the Egyptian army. However, the results of the 1948 war, the dispersal of Palestinians, and the establishment of Israel, which imposed a military rule on the Palestinian communities, limited the activity of political Islam. In fact, one cannot point to any such organization by Palestinian citizens of Israel during the 1950s, 1960s, or 1970s. After 1967, the situation changed as a result of renewed contact between the Palestinians in Israel and Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip and the existence of fundamentalist organizations and religious seminaries there. New conditions were created for the development of political Islam among the Palestinians in Israel