Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T19:49:11.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Phrasal Prosody of Heritage Speakers of Samoan in Aotearoa New Zealand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2024

Rajiv Rao
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Get access

Summary

We present an analysis of phrasal prosody, with an emphasis on focus-marking, for heritage speakers of Samoan in Aotearoa New Zealand. The analysis is based on recordings of four speakers doing a picture-description task designed to elicit different focus positions and types, from an earlier study of home country Samoan (Calhoun, 2015). All speakers showed features of phrasal prosody similar to those found for home country Samoan; however, there was considerable variation between speakers. We relate this to the language background of the speakers, and their attitudes and beliefs toward their heritage language. In particular, there were differences between generation 1.5 and 2 speakers, relating to their engagement with and beliefs about their university Samoan language classes. This shows the importance of these factors in the acquisition and maintenance of prosodic features, similar to other more-studied language features.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arnold, J. E., Fagnano, M., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2003). Disfluencies signal theee, um, new information. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 32(1), 2536. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021980931292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Audacity Team. (2022). Audacity(R): Free audio editor and recorder [Computer application] (3.1.3). https://audacityteam.org/.Google Scholar
Ballard, E., & Farao, S. (2009). The phonological skills of Samoan speaking 4-year-olds. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 6, 379391. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549500802428202.Google Scholar
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2022). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.2.10. www.praat.org/.Google Scholar
Bullock, B. E. (2009). Prosody in contact in French: A case study from a heritage variety in the USA. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 165195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, S. (2015). The interaction of prosody and syntax in Samoan focus marking. Lingua, 165, 205229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.11.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, S. (2017). Exclusives, equatives and prosodic phrases in Samoan. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 2(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dainora, A. (2001). An empirically based probabilistic model of intonation in American English. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dehé, N. (2018). The intonation of polar questions in North American (“Heritage”) Icelandic. Journal of Germanic Linguistics, 30(3), 213259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1470542717000125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delais-Roussarie, E., Avanzi, M., & Herment, S. (Eds.). (2015). Prosody and language in contact: L2 acquisition, attrition and languages in multilingual situations. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-45168-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Education Counts. (2015). Pasifika language in education: Number of schools offering Pasifika language in education. Ministry of Education. www.educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/6044.Google Scholar
Gussenhoven, C., & Chen, A. (Eds.). (2020). The Oxford handbook of language prosody. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.001.0001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Himmelmann, N. P. (2014). Asymmetries in the prosodic phrasing of function words: Another look at the suffixing preference. Language, 90(4), 927960. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2014.0105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ipek, C., & Jun, S.-A. (2013). Towards a model of intonational phonology of Turkish: Neutral intonation. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 19, 060230. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4799755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kügler, F., & Calhoun, S. (2020). Prosodic encoding of information structure: A typological perspective. In Gussenhoven, C. & Chen, A. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of language prosody (pp. 454467). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832232.013.30.Google Scholar
Lao, R. S., & Lee, J. S. (2009). Heritage language maintenance and use among 1.5 generation Khmer college students. Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement, 4(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.7771/2153-8999.1094.Google Scholar
McAuliffe, M., Socolof, M., Mihuc, S., Wagner, M., & Sonderegger, M. (2017). Montreal Forced Aligner: Trainable text-speech alignment using Kaldi. Proceedings of Interspeech 2017, 498–502, doi: 10.21437/Interspeech.2017-1386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosel, U., & Hovdhaugen, E. (1992). Samoan reference grammar. Scandinavian University Press.Google Scholar
Muagututia, G. T. (2018). Recovering ergativity in heritage Samoan [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa]. http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/62507.Google Scholar
Orfitelli, R., & Yu, K. (2009). Intonational phonology of Samoan. 16th Annual Meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association, University of California, Santa Cruz.Google Scholar
Otheguy, R. (2013). The linguistic competence of second-generation bilinguals: A critique of “incomplete acquisition.” In Tortora, C., den Dikken, M., Montoya, I. L., & O’Neill, T. (Eds.), Romance linguistics 2013 (pp. 301319). John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Paongo-Parsons, L. (2020). O le Aso Ma le Filiga, O le Aso Mata’igatila. A qualitative study looking at Samoan language maintenance within second generation households [Master’s thesis, Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington].Google Scholar
Putnam, M. T., & Sánchez, L. (2013). What’s so incomplete about incomplete acquisition? Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3(2), 478508. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.4.04put.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Queen, R. (2012). Turkish–German bilinguals and their intonation: Triangulating evidence about contact-induced language change. Language, 88(4), 791816. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0078.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samu, L.-J. V., Moewaka Barnes, H., Asiasiga, L., & McCreanor, T. (2019). “We are not privileged enough to have that foundation of language”: Pasifika young adults share their deep concerns about the decline of their ancestral/heritage languages in Aotearoa New Zealand. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 15(2), 131139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180119835228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seals, C. A., & Olsen-Reeder, V. (2017). Te reo Māori, Samoan, and Ukrainian in New Zealand. In Seals, C. A. & Shah, S. (Eds.), Heritage language policies around the world (pp. 221236). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistics New Zealand. (2013). 2013 Census totals by topic. Retrieved May 20, 2014 from www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totalsby-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls.Google Scholar
Tagoilelagi-LeotaGlynn, F., McNaughton, S., MacDonald, S., & Farry, S. (2005). Bilingual and biliteracy development over the transition to school. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 8(5), 455479. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050508668624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veilleux, N., Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., & Brugos, A. (2006). Transcribing prosodic structure of spoken utterances with ToBI. MIT OpenCourseWare. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-911-transcribing-prosodic-structure-of-spoken-utterances-with-tobi-january-iap-2006/.Google Scholar
Yu, K. M. (2020). Tonal marking of absolutive case in Samoan. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 39, 291365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049–020-09470-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, K. M., & Stabler, E. P. (2017). (In)variability in the Samoan syntax/prosody interface and consequences for syntactic parsing. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×