Summary: In this scientific article the ways, methods, processes and main effects of political science development in the Republic of Moldova are examined, analyzed and evaluated. The authors put emphasis on the connections between the creation, evolution and development of political science on the one hand and the achievement of the objectives of democratic transition, on the other hand − processes which are performed and complement each other. The authors analyze the development of political science in Moldova according to two criteria: that of theoretical and methodological developments in political science and of the way of political science's institutionalization. In the article we note some achievements in preparation of political scientists through PhD and post-doctoral students, but also describe serious problems arising in the way of achieving the objectives of education and research. The research contains proposals to improve conditions for the development of political science in academic system of the country.