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Chapter 13 - Shoulder and elbow oral core topics

from Section 4 - The adult elective orthopaedics oral

By
Asir Aster  and
Shashi Kanth Godey
Edited by
Paul A. Banaszkiewicz  and
Deiary F. Kader
Asir Aster
Affiliation:
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
Shashi Kanth Godey
Affiliation:
University Hospital South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Deiary F. Kader
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
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Summary

Anatomy of shoulder

The shoulder girdle is formed by the scapula, clavicle and proximal humerus. They form three synovial joints (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular) and two articulations (scapulothoracic and acromiohumeral).

The glenohumeral joint (GHJ), being the most mobile joint in the body, relies on static and dynamic stabilizers to remain centred. Static stabilizers are the glenoid labrum, the capsule/ligaments and negative pressure. The capsular ligaments tighten differentially according to the degree of elevation. In the midrange of motion (most activities of daily living) most capsules are lax and stability is contributed mainly by dynamic stabilizers. Anterior ligaments oppose anterior humeral translation in external rotation. Posterior ligaments oppose posterior humeral translation in internal rotation. The superior glenohumeral ligament opposes inferior translation in the adducted shoulder. The middle glenohumeral ligament opposes anteroinferior translation in the midrange of movement. The inferior glenohumeral ligament opposes anterior translation in higher degrees of abduction.

Type
Chapter
Information
Postgraduate Orthopaedics
The Candidate's Guide to the FRCS (Tr and Orth) Examination
 , pp. 151 - 169
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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References

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