Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T13:03:12.636Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 15 - Surveillance and Prevention of Infections Associated with Vascular Catheters

from Section 3 - Major HAI Categories: Surveillance and Prevention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2018

By
Walter Zingg  and
Jonas Marschall
Edited by
Ebbing Lautenbach ,
Preeti N. Malani ,
Keith F. Woeltje ,
Jennifer H. Han ,
Emily K. Shuman  and
Jonas Marschall
Ebbing Lautenbach
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Preeti N. Malani
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Keith F. Woeltje
Affiliation:
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis
Jennifer H. Han
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Emily K. Shuman
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Jonas Marschall
Affiliation:
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Practical Healthcare Epidemiology , pp. 162 - 176
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Climo, M, Diekema, D, Warren, DK, et al. Prevalence of the use of central venous access devices within and outside of the intensive care unit: results of a survey among hospitals in the prevention epicenter program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24(12):942–945.Google Scholar
Pronovost, P, Needham, D, Berenholtz, S, et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(26):2725–2732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raad, I, Hanna, H, Maki, D. Intravascular catheter-related infections: advances in diagnosis, prevention, and management. Lancet infectious diseases. 2007;7(10):645–657.Google Scholar
Pittet, D, Tarara, D, Wenzel, RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients: excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA. 1994;271(20):1598–1601.Google Scholar
Soufir, L, Timsit, JF, Mahe, C, Carlet, J, Regnier, B, Chevret, S. Attributable morbidity and mortality of catheter-related septicemia in critically ill patients: a matched, risk-adjusted, cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20(6):396–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Digiovine, B, Chenoweth, C, Watts, C, Higgins, M. The attributable mortality and costs of primary nosocomial bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(3):976–981.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rello, J, Ochagavia, A, Sabanes, E, et al. Evaluation of outcome of intravenous catheter-related infections in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(3 Pt 1):1027–1030.Google Scholar
Pelletier, SJ, Crabtree, TD, Gleason, TG, Pruett, TL, Sawyer, RG. Bacteremia associated with central venous catheter infection is not an independent predictor of outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;190(6):671–680; discussion 80–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renaud, B, Brun-Buisson, C. Outcomes of primary and catheter-related bacteremia: a cohort and case-control study in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(7):1584–1590.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, VD, Guzman, S, Migone, O, Crnich, CJ. The attributable cost, length of hospital stay, and mortality of central line–associated bloodstream infection in intensive care departments in Argentina: a prospective, matched analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2003;31(8):475–480.Google Scholar
Blot, SI, Depuydt, P, Annemans, L, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(11):1591–1508.Google Scholar
Stevens, V, Geiger, K, Concannon, C, Nelson, RE, Brown, J, Dumyati, G. Inpatient costs, mortality and 30-day re-admission in patients with central-line-associated bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(5):O318–0324.Google Scholar
Goudie, A, Dynan, L, Brady, PW, Rettiganti, M. Attributable cost and length of stay for central line-associated bloodstream infections. Pediatrics. 2014;133(6):e1525–1532.Google Scholar
Zingg, W, Cartier-Fassler, V, Walder, B. Central venous catheter-associated infections. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2008;22(3):407–421.Google Scholar
Vincent, JL, Bihari, DJ, Suter, PM, et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe: results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA. 1995;274(8):639–644.Google Scholar
Vincent, JL, Rello, J, Marshall, J, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA. 2009;302(21):2323–2329.Google Scholar
Dudeck, MA, Edwards, JR, Allen-Bridson, K, et al. National Healthcare Safety Network report, data summary for 2013: device-associated Module. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(3):206–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coello, R, Charlett, A, Ward, V, et al. Device-related sources of bacteraemia in English hospitals: opportunities for the prevention of hospital-acquired bacteraemia. J Hosp Infect. 2003;53(1):46–57.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, VD, Maki, DG, Salomao, R, et al. Device-associated nosocomial infections in 55 intensive care units of 8 developing countries. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(8):582–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, VD, Maki, DG, Mehta, Y, et al. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007–2012: device-associated module. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42(9):942–56.Google Scholar
Mostert, JW, Kenny, GM, Murphy, GP. Safe placement of central venous catheter into internal jugular veins. Arch Surg. 1970;101(3):431–432.Google Scholar
Peters, JL, Mehtar, S, Vallis, CJ, Kenning, BR. Central venous catheter design and maintenance complications. Br J Anaesth. 1979;51(8):805–806.Google Scholar
Pottecher, T, Forrler, M, Picardat, P, Krause, D, Bellocq, JP, Otteni, JC. Thrombogenicity of central venous catheters: prospective study of polyethylene, silicone and polyurethane catheters with phlebography or post-mortem examination. Eur Journal Anaesthesiol. 1984;1(4):361–365.Google ScholarPubMed
Haley, RW, Quade, D, Freeman, HE, Bennett, JV. The SENIC Project: Study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (SENIC Project), Summary of study design. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;111(5):472–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, NP, Alexander, M, Dellinger, EP, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2002;51(RR-10):1–29.Google ScholarPubMed
Marschall, J, Mermel, LA, Fakih, M, et al. Strategies to prevent central line–associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35 Suppl 2:S89–S107.Google Scholar
Maki, DG, Kluger, DM, Crnich, CJ. The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies. Mayo Clinic Pro. 2006;81(9):1159–11571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al Raiy, B, Fakih, MG, Bryan-Nomides, N et al. Peripherally inserted central venous catheters in the acute care setting: a safe alternative to high-risk short-term central venous catheters. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(2):149–153.Google Scholar
Zingg, W, Pittet, D. Peripheral venous catheters: an under-evaluated problem. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;34 Suppl 4:S38–S42.Google Scholar
Parienti, JJ, Thirion, M, Megarbane, B, et al. Femoral vs. jugular venous catheterization and risk of nosocomial events in adults requiring acute renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(20):2413–2422.Google Scholar
Parienti, JJ, Mongardon, N, Megarbane, B, et al. Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1220–1229.Google Scholar
Richet, H, Hubert, B, Nitemberg, G, et al. Prospective multicenter study of vascular-catheter-related complications and risk factors for positive central-catheter cultures in intensive care unit patients. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(11):2520–2525.Google Scholar
Goetz, AM, Wagener, MM, Miller, JM, Muder, RR. Risk of infection due to central venous catheters: effect of site of placement and catheter type. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19(11):842–845.Google Scholar
Merrer, J, De Jonghe, B, Golliot, F, et al. Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;286(6):700–707.Google Scholar
Cobb, DK, High, KP, Sawyer, RG, et al. A controlled trial of scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery catheters. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(15):1062–1068.Google Scholar
Cook, D, Randolph, A, Kernerman, P, et al. Central venous catheter replacement strategies: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med. 1997;25(8):1417–1424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zurcher, M, Tramer, MR, Walder, B. Colonization and bloodstream infection with single- versus multi-lumen central venous catheters: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2004;99(1):177–182.Google Scholar
Timsit, JF, Farkas, JC, Boyer, JM, et al. Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest. 1998;114(1):207–213.Google Scholar
Abdelkefi, A, Ben Othman, T, Kammoun, L, et al. Prevention of central venous line-related thrombosis by continuous infusion of low-dose unfractionated heparin, in patients with haemato-oncological disease: a randomized controlled trial. Thromb Haemost. 2004;92(3):654–661.Google Scholar
Abdelkefi, A, Achour, W, Ben Othman, T, et al. Use of heparin-coated central venous lines to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection. J Support Oncol. 2007;5(6):273–278.Google Scholar
Zingg, W, Posfay-Barbe, KM, Pfister, RE, Touveneau, S, Pittet, D. Individualized catheter surveillance among neonates: a prospective, 8-year, single-center experience. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011;32(1):42–49.Google Scholar
Opilla, MT, Kirby, DF, Edmond, MB. Use of ethanol lock therapy to reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in home parenteral nutrition patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2007;31(4):302–305.Google Scholar
Chen, HS, Wang, FD, Lin, M, Lin, YC, Huang, LJ, Liu, CY. Risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in general surgery. J Microbiol Immunol Infect = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi. 2006;39(3):231–236.Google Scholar
Heidegger, CP, Berger, MM, Graf, S, et al. Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9864):385–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thibault, R, Makhlouf, AM, Kossovsky, MP, et al. Healthcare-associated infections are associated with insufficient dietary intake: an observational cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2015;10(4):e0123695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zingg, W, Holmes, A, Dettenkofer, M, et al. Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(2):212–224.Google Scholar
Fridkin, SK, Pear, SM, Williamson, TH, Galgiani, JN, Jarvis, WR. The role of understaffing in central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17(3):150–158.Google ScholarPubMed
Virtanen, M, Kurvinen, T, Terho, K, et al. Work hours, work stress, and collaboration among ward staff in relation to risk of hospital-associated infection among patients. Med Care. 2009;47(3):310–318.Google Scholar
Pittet, D, Simon, A, Hugonnet, S, Pessoa-Silva, CL, Sauvan, V, Perneger, TV. Hand hygiene among physicians: performance, beliefs, and perceptions. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(1):1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cimiotti, JP, Haas, J, Saiman, L, Larson, EL. Impact of staffing on bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(8):832–836.Google Scholar
Alonso-Echanove, J, Edwards, JR, Richards, MJ, et al. Effect of nurse staffing and antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters on the risk for bloodstream infections in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24(12):916–925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robert, J, Fridkin, SK, Blumberg, HM, et al. The influence of the composition of the nursing staff on primary bloodstream infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21(1):12–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder, NC, Brungs, SM, Nagy, M, Kudel, I, Render, ML. Intensive care unit nurses’ perceptions of safety after a highly specific safety intervention. Qual Safety Health Care. 17(1):25–30. 2008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saint, S, Kowalski, CP, Banaszak-Holl, J, Forman, J, Damschroder, L, Krein, SL. The importance of leadership in preventing healthcare-associated infection: results of a multisite qualitative study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(9):901–907.Google Scholar
Sinuff, T, Cook, D, Giacomini, M, Heyland, D, Dodek, P. Facilitating clinician adherence to guidelines in the intensive care unit: a multicenter, qualitative study. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(9):2083–2089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyders, RE, Goris, AJ, Gase, KA, Leone, CL, Doherty, JA, Woeltje, KF. Increasing the reliability of fully automated surveillance for central line-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1396–1400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metzger, KE, Rucker, Y, Callaghan, M, et al. The burden of mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection among hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(2):119–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Safdar, N, Fine, JP, Maki, DG. Meta-analysis: methods for diagnosing intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(6):451–466.Google Scholar
Siegman-Igra, Y, Anglim, AM, Shapiro, DE, Adal, KA, Strain, BA, Farr, BM. Diagnosis of vascular catheter-related bloodstream infection: a meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(4):928–936.Google Scholar
Blot, F, Nitenberg, G, Chachaty, E, et al. Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: a prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures. Lancet. 1999;354(9184):1071–1077.Google Scholar
Woeltje, KF, Butler, AM, Goris, AJ, et al. Automated surveillance for central line-associated bloodstream infection in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(9):842–846.Google Scholar
Hota, B, Lin, M, Doherty, JA, et al. Formulation of a model for automating infection surveillance: algorithmic detection of central-line associated bloodstream infection. J Am Med Informatics Assoc: JAMIA. 2010;17(1):42–48.Google Scholar
Khouli, H, Jahnes, K, Shapiro, J, et al. Performance of medical residents in sterile techniques during central vein catheterization: randomized trial of efficacy of simulation-based training. Chest. 2011;139(1):80–87.Google Scholar
Mimoz, O, Lucet, JC, Kerforne, T, et al. Skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol, with and without skin scrubbing, for prevention of intravascular-catheter-related infection (CLEAN): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, two-by-two factorial trial. Lancet. 2015;386(10008):2069–2077.Google Scholar
Cartier, V, Haenny, A, Inan, C, Walder, B, Zingg, W. No association between ultrasound-guided insertion of central venous catheters and bloodstream infection: a prospective observational study. J Hosp Infect. 2014;87(2):103–108.Google Scholar
Dumyati, G, Concannon, C, van Wijngaarden, E, et al. Sustained reduction of central line-associated bloodstream infections outside the intensive care unit with a multimodal intervention focusing on central line maintenance. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42(7):723–730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gueri, K, Wagner, J, Rains, K, Bessesen, M. Reduction in central line–associated bloodstream infections by implementation of a postinsertion care bundle. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(6):430–433.Google Scholar
Blot, K, Bergs, J, Vogelaers, D, Blot, S, Vandijck, D. Prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infections through quality improvement interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(1):96–105.Google Scholar
Apisarnthanarak, A, Thongphubeth, K, Yuekyen, C, Warren, DK, Fraser, VJ. Effectiveness of a catheter-associated bloodstream infection bundle in a Thai tertiary care center: a 3-year study. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(6):449–455.Google Scholar
Bion, J, Richardson, A, Hibbert, P, et al. “Matching Michigan”: a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England. BMJ Qual Safety. 2013;22(2):110–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DePalo, VA, McNicoll, L, Cornell, M, Rocha, JM, Adams, L, Pronovost, PJ. The Rhode Island ICU collaborative: a model for reducing central line-associated bloodstream infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia statewide. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19(6):555–561.Google Scholar
Eggimann, P, Harbarth, S, Constantin, MN, Touveneau, S, Chevrolet, JC, Pittet, D. Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care. Lancet. 2000;355(9218):1864–8.Google Scholar
Guerin, K, Wagner, J, Rains, K, Bessesen, M. Reduction in central line–associated bloodstream infections by implementation of a postinsertion care bundle. Am J Infect Control. 38(6):430–3. 2010.Google Scholar
Marra, AR, Cal, RG, Durao, MS, Correa, L, Guastelli, LR, Moura, DF Jr., et al. Impact of a program to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infection in the zero tolerance era. Am J Infect Control. 2010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, MR, Griswold, M, Harris, JM, et al. Decreasing PICU catheter-associated bloodstream infections: NACHRI’s quality transformation efforts. Pediatrics. 125(2):206–213. 2010.Google Scholar
Palomar, M, Alvarez-Lerma, F, Riera, A, et al. Impact of a national multimodal intervention to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection in the ICU: the Spanish experience. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(10):2364–2372.Google Scholar
Peredo, R, Sabatier, C, Villagra, A, et al. Reduction in catheter-related bloodstream infections in critically ill patients through a multiple system intervention. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;29(9):1173–1177.Google Scholar
Perez Parra, A, Cruz Menarguez, M, Perez Granda, MJ, Tomey, MJ, Padilla, B, Bouza, E. A simple educational intervention to decrease incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in intensive care units with low baseline incidence of CLABSI. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(9):964–967.Google Scholar
Schulman, J, Stricof, R, Stevens, TP, et al. Statewide NICU central-line-associated bloodstream infection rates decline after bundles and checklists. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):436–444.Google Scholar
Venkatram, S, Rachmale, S, Kanna, B. Study of device use adjusted rates in health care–associated infections after implementation of “bundles” in a closed-model medical intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2010;25(1):174 e11–e18.Google Scholar
Weber, DJ, Brown, VM, Sickbert-Bennett, EE, Rutala, WA. Sustained and prolonged reduction in central line-associated bloodstream infections as a result of multiple interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(8):875–877.Google Scholar
Zingg, W, Imhof, A, Maggiorini, M, Stocker, R, Keller, E, Ruef, C. Impact of a prevention strategy targeting hand hygiene and catheter care on the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(7):2167–2173; quiz 80.Google Scholar
Zingg, W, Cartier, V, Inan, C, et al. Hospital-wide multidisciplinary, multimodal intervention programme to reduce central venous catheter–associated bloodstream infection. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e93898.Google Scholar
Sherertz, RJ, Ely, EW, Westbrook, DM, et al. Education of physicians-in-training can decrease the risk for vascular catheter infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(8):641–648.Google Scholar
Barsuk, JH, Cohen, ER, Feinglass, J, McGaghie, WC, Wayne, DB. Use of simulation-based education to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(15):1420–1423.Google Scholar
Evans, LV, Dodge, KL, Shah, TD, et al. Simulation training in central venous catheter insertion: improved performance in clinical practice. Acad Med. 2010;85(9):1462–1469.Google Scholar
Marra, AR, Guastelli, LR, de Araujo, CM, et al. Positive deviance: a new strategy for improving hand hygiene compliance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(1):12–20.Google Scholar
Joshi, SC, Diwan, V, Tamhankar, AJ, et al. Qualitative study on perceptions of hand hygiene among hospital staff in a rural teaching hospital in India. J Hosp Infect. 2012;80(4):340–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnberg, W, Daniell, W, Simpson, T, et al. Personal healthcare worker (HCW) and work-site characteristics that affect HCWs’ use of respiratory-infection control measures in ambulatory healthcare settings. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(1):47–52.Google Scholar
Nicol, PW, Watkins, RE, Donovan, RJ, Wynaden, D, Cadwallader, H. The power of vivid experience in hand hygiene compliance. J Hosp Infect 72(1):36–42. 2009.Google Scholar
Larson, EL, Quiros, D, Lin, SX. Dissemination of the CDC’s Hand Hygiene Guideline and impact on infection rates. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(10):666–675.Google Scholar
Raad, II, Hohn, DC, Gilbreath, BJ, et al. Prevention of central venous catheter–related infections by using maximal sterile barrier precautions during insertion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994;15(4 Pt 1):231–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quiros, D, Lin, S, Larson, EL. Attitudes toward practice guidelines among intensive care unit personnel: a cross-sectional anonymous survey. Heart Lung. 36(4):287–297. 2007:Aug.Google Scholar
Haustein, T, Gastmeier, P, Holmes, A, et al. Use of benchmarking and public reporting for infection control in four high-income countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(6):471–481.Google Scholar
Damschroder, LJ, Aron, DC, Keith, RE, Kirsh, SR, Alexander, JA, Lowery, JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 2009;4:50.Google Scholar
Gurses, AP, Murphy, DJ, Martinez, EA, Berenholtz, SM, Pronovost, PJ. A practical tool to identify and eliminate barriers to compliance with evidence-based guidelines. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2009;35(10):526–532, 485.Google Scholar
Hansen, S, Schwab, F, Behnke, M, et al. National influences on catheter-associated bloodstream infection rates: practices among national surveillance networks participating in the European HELICS project. J Hosp Infect. 2009;71(1):66–73.Google Scholar
Hockenhull, JC, Dwan, KM, Smith, GW, et al. The clinical effectiveness of central venous catheters treated with anti-infective agents in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(2):702–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walder, B, Pittet, D, Tramer, MR. Prevention of bloodstream infections with central venous catheters treated with anti-infective agents depends on catheter type and insertion time: evidence from a meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23(12):748–756.Google Scholar
Falagas, ME, Fragoulis, K, Bliziotis, IA, Chatzinikolaou, I. Rifampicin-impregnated central venous catheters: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;59(3):359–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cherry-Bukowiec, JR, Denchev, K, Dickinson, S, et al. Prevention of catheter-related blood stream infection: back to basics? Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2011;12(1):27–32.Google Scholar
Marschall, J, Mermel, LA, Classen, D, et al. Strategies to prevent central line–associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29 Suppl 1:S22–30.Google Scholar
O’Grady, NP, Alexander, M, Burns, LA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(4 Suppl 1):S1–S34.Google Scholar
Timsit, JF, Schwebel, C, Bouadma, L, et al. Chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges and less frequent dressing changes for prevention of catheter-related infections in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(12):1231–1241.Google Scholar
Timsit, JF, Mimoz, O, Mourvillier, B, et al. Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine dressing and highly adhesive dressing for preventing catheter-related infections in critically ill adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(12):1272–1278.Google Scholar
Ruschulte, H, Franke, M, Gastmeier, P, et al. Prevention of central venous catheter related infections with chlorhexidine gluconate impregnated wound dressings: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Hematol. 2009;88(3):267–272.Google Scholar
Mermel, LA, Allon, M, Bouza, E, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter–related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1):1–45.Google Scholar
Sherertz, RJ, Boger, MS, Collins, CA, Mason, L, Raad, II. Comparative in vitro efficacies of various catheter lock solutions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(5):1865–868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takla, TA, Zelenitsky, SA, Vercaigne, LM. Effectiveness of a 30% ethanol/4% trisodium citrate locking solution in preventing biofilm formation by organisms causing haemodialysis catheter-related infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(5):1024–1026.Google Scholar
Cober, MP, Kovacevich, DS, Teitelbaum, DH. Ethanol-lock therapy for the prevention of central venous access device infections in pediatric patients with intestinal failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010;35(1):67–73.Google Scholar
Jones, BA, Hull, MA, Richardson, DS, et al. Efficacy of ethanol locks in reducing central venous catheter infections in pediatric patients with intestinal failure. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(6):1287–1293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mermel, LA, Alang, N. Adverse effects associated with ethanol catheter lock solutions: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(10):2611–2619.Google Scholar
Dillon, PW, Jones, GR, Bagnall-Reeb, HA, Buckley, JD, Wiener, ES, Haase, GM. Prophylactic urokinase in the management of long-term venous access devices in children: a Children’s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(13):2718–2723.Google Scholar
Kalmanti, M, Germanakis, J, Stiakaki, E, et al. Prophylaxis with urokinase in pediatric oncology patients with central venous catheters. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002;19(3):173–179.Google Scholar
van Rooden, CJ, Schippers, EF, Guiot, HF, et al. Prevention of coagulase-negative staphylococcal central venous catheter–related infection using urokinase rinses: a randomized double-blind controlled trial in patients with hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(3):428–433.Google Scholar
Maki, DG, Ash, SR, Winger, RK, Lavin, P. A novel antimicrobial and antithrombotic lock solution for hemodialysis catheters: a multi-center, controlled, randomized trial. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(4):613–620.Google Scholar
Climo, MW, Sepkowitz, KA, Zuccotti, G, et al. The effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine on the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: results of a quasi-experimental multicenter trial. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(6):1858–18565.Google Scholar
Munoz-Price, LS, Hota, B, Stemer, A, Weinstein, RA. Prevention of bloodstream infections by use of daily chlorhexidine baths for patients at a long-term acute care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009;30(11):1031–1035.Google Scholar
Climo, MW, Yokoe, DS, Warren, DK, et al. Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(6):533–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, SS, Septimus, E, Kleinman, K, et al. Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(24):2255–65.Google Scholar
Quach, C, Milstone, AM, Perpete, C, Bonenfant, M, Moore, DL, Perreault, T. Chlorhexidine bathing in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit: impact on central line–associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35(2):158–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pittet, D, Hugonnet, S, Harbarth, S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme.[Erratum appears in Lancet 2000 Dec 23–30;356(9248):2196]. Lancet. 2000;356(9238):1307–1312.Google Scholar
Darouiche, RO, Wall, MJ Jr., Itani, KM, et al. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(1):18–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batra, R, Cooper, BS, Whiteley, C, Patel, AK, Wyncoll, D, Edgeworth, JD. Efficacy and limitation of a chlorhexidine-based decolonization strategy in preventing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(2):210–217.Google Scholar
Karakitsos, D, Labropoulos, N, De Groot, E, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein: a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care patients. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):R162.Google Scholar
Zingg, W, Cartier, V, Walder, B. No association between ultrasound-guided insertion of central venous catheters and bloodstream infection: a prospective observational study. J Hosp Infect. 2015.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×