Albrecht, Glenn., Freeman, Sonia, and Higginbotham, Nick.. 1998. “Complexity and Human Health: The Case for a Transdisciplinary Paradigm.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 22: 55–92.Google Scholar

APHA (American Public Health Association). 2009. “The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War.” November 10. Policy Number 20095. Accessed February 12, 2013. www.apha.org/advocacy/policy/ policysearch/default.htm?id=1391.Google Scholar

APHA (American Public Health Association). 2012. “Cessation of Military Recruiting in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools.” October 30. Policy Number 20123. Accessed February 12, 2013. www.apha.org/advocacy/policy/policysearch/default.htm?id=1445.Google Scholar

ASPH (Association of Schools of Public Health). 2011. “Global Health Competency Model: Final Version 1.1.” Accessed August 1, 2012. www.asph.org/userfiles/Narrative&GraphicGHComps Version1.1FINAL.pdf.Google Scholar

Bambra, C. 2009. “Changing the World? Reflections on the Interface between Social Science, Epidemiology and Public Health.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63 (11): 867–868.Google Scholar

Bambra, C., Fox, D., and Scott-Samuel, A.. 2005. “Towards a Politics of Health.” Health Promotion International 20 (2): 187–193.Google Scholar

Barstow, D. 2008. “Behind TV Analysts, Pentagons Hidden Hand.” New York Times, April 20. Accessed May 17, 2015. www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/us/20generals.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.Google Scholar

Beer, F. A. 1979. “The Epidemiology of Peace and War.” International Studies Quarterly 23 (1): 45–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bernier, N. G., and Clavier, C.. 2011. “Public Health Policy Research: Making the Case for a Political Science Approach.” Health Promotion International 26 (1): 109–116.Google Scholar

Best, A., Clark, P. I., Leischow, S. J., and Trochim, W. M. K., eds. 2007. “Greater Than the Sum: Systems Thinking in Tobacco Control. Tobacco Control Monograph No. 18.” National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services. NIH Pub. No. 06–6085.Google Scholar

Blas, E., and Kurup, A. S., eds. 2010. Equity, Social Determinants, and Public Health Programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed May 25, 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44289/1/9789241563970_eng.pdf.Google Scholar

Brown, H. 1985. “Nobel for Physicians.” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 41 (11): 2.Google Scholar

Buhmann, C., Santa Barbara, J., Arya, N., and Melf, K.. 2010. “The Roles of the Health Sector and Health Workers Before, During and After Violent Conflict.” Medicine, Conflict and Survival 26 (1): 4–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carpiano, R. M., and Daley, D. M.. 2006a. “A Guide and Glossary on Postpositivist Theory Building for Population Health.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 60 (7): 564–570.Google Scholar

Carpiano, R. M., and Daley, D. M.. 2006b. “Theory-building on the High Seas of Population Health: Love Boat, Mutiny on the Bounty, or Poseidon Adventure?” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 60 (7): 571–577.Google Scholar

Chu, K., Havet, P., Ford, N., and Trelles, M.. 2010. “Surgical Care for the Direct and Indirect Victims of Violence in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.” Conflict and Health 4: 1–6. doi: 10.1186/1752–1505-4-6.Google Scholar

Cindea, I. 2006. “Complex Systems: New Conceptual Tools for International Relations.” Perspectives 26: 46–48.Google Scholar

Cohen, L., and Chehimi, S.. 2010. “The Imperative for Primary Prevention.” In Prevention is Primary: Strategies for Community Well-being, edited by Cohen, L., Chavez, V., and Chehimi, S., 3–31. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Coleman, P. T. 2004. “Paradigmatic Framing of Protracted, Intractable Conflict: Toward the Development of a Meta-framework-II.” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 10 (3): 197–235.Google Scholar

Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. 2008. “Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health.” Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed September 29, 2011. www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en/index.html.Google Scholar

CRP (Center for Responsive Politics). 2011. “Lobbying: Defense Aerospace. Industry Profile 2011.” Accessed September 9, 2012. www.opensecrets.org/lobby/indusclient.php?id=D01&year=2011.Google Scholar

CRP (Center for Responsive Politics). 2013–2014. “Defense: Top Contributors: 2013–2014.” Accessed September 9, 2012. www.opensecrets.org/lobby/indusclient.php?id=D01&year=2011.Google Scholar

Cvjetanovic’, B. 2000. “Epidemiology of Violence and War.” Collegium Antropologicum 24 (1): 11–25.Google Scholar

Diez-Roux, A. V. 2008. “Next Steps in Understanding the Multilevel Determinants of Health.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 62 (11): 957–959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Elder, G. H., Wang, L., Spence, N. J., Adkins, D. E., and Brown, T. H.. 2010. “Pathways to the All-volunteer Military.” Social Science Quarterly 91 (2): 455–475.Google Scholar

El-Sayed, A. E., Scarborough, P., Seemann, L., and Galea, S.. 2012. “Social Network Analysis and Agent-based Modeling in Social Epidemiology.” Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations 9: 1. Accessed March 25, 2014. http://archive.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1742–5573-9–1.pdf.Google Scholar

Fischer, H. 2013. US Military Casualty Statistics: Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom. (Report for Congress; 7–5700; RS22452). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.Google Scholar

Foreman, J. 1986. “Doctors, Nurses Gambled with Bodies in Nuclear Weapons Testing Protest.” The Lakeland Ledger, Accessed November 16, 2013. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19861116&id=qWRNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lPsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6780,36790.Google Scholar

Freedman, L. 1995. “Reflections on Emerging Frameworks of Health and Human Rights.” Health and Human Rights 1 (4): 314–348.Google Scholar

Gebbie, K., Rosenstock, L., Lyla, M., and Hernandez, L. M., eds. 2003. “Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? Educating Public Health Professionals for the 21st Century.” Committee on Educating Public Health Professionals for the 21st Century. Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar

Glass, T. A., and McAtee, M. J.. 2006. “Behavioral Science at the Crossroads in Public Health: Extending Horizons, Envisioning the Future.” Social Science & Medicine 62: 1650–1671.Google Scholar

Gleditsch, N. P. 2012. “Whither the Weather? Climate Change and Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 49 (1): 3–9.Google Scholar

Goldberg, D. S. 2012. “Against the Very Idea of the Politicization of Public Health Policy.” American Journal of Public Health 102: 44–49.Google Scholar

Green, L. W., Sim, L., and Breiner, H., eds. 2013. “Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts: A Plan for Measuring Progress.” Committee on Evaluating Progress of Obesity Prevention Efforts. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar

Grundy, J., Biggs, B. A., Annear, P., Mihrshahi, S., and Biggs, B. A.. 2008. “A Conceptual Framework for Public Health Analysis of War and Defence Policy.” International Journal of Peace Studies 13 (2): 87–99.Google Scholar

Hagopian, A. 2011. “Should We End Military Recruiting in High Schools as a Matter of Child Protection and Public Health?” American Journal of Public Health 101(1): 19–23.Google Scholar

Hagopian, A., Flaxman, A. D., Takaro, T. K., Esa Al Shatari, S. A., Rajaratnam, J., Becker, S., Levin-Rector, A., Galway, L., Hadi Al-Yasseri, B. J., Weiss, W. M., Murray, C. J., Burnham, G.. 2013. “Mortality in Iraq Associated with the 2003–2011 War and Occupation: Findings from a National Cluster Sample Survey by the University Collaborative Iraq Mortality Study.” PLoS Medicine 10 (10): e1001533. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001533.Google Scholar

Heffeld, J. 2012. “Facilitative Governance: Transforming Global Health through Complexity Theory.” Global Public Health 7(5): 452–464.Google Scholar

Helbing, D. 2012. “Agent-Based Modeling.” In Social Self-organization: Agent-based Simulations and Experiments to Study Emergent Social Behavior, edited by Helbing, D., 25–70. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

Hirshberg, A., and Mattox, K. L.. 2009. “Modeling and Simulation in Terror Medicine.” In Essentials of Terror Medicine, edited by Shapira, S. C., Hammond, J. S., and Cole, L. A., 79–94. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Holtom, P., Bromley, M., Wezeman, P., and Wezeman, S.. 2012. Trends in International Arms Transfers: 2011 SIPRI Fact Sheet. Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.Google Scholar

Homer, J. B., and Hirsch, G. B.. 2006. “System Dynamics Modeling for Public Health: Background and Opportunities.” American Journal of Public Health 96(3): 452–458.Google Scholar

Horton, R. 2001. “Violence and Medicine: The Necessary Politics of Public Health.” The Lancet 358: 1472–1473.Google Scholar

Ilachinski, A. 1996. “Land Warfare and Complexity, Part II: An Assessment of the Applicability of Nonlinear Dynamics and Complex Systems Theory to the Study of Land Warfare.” Alexandria: Center for Naval Analyses. Accessed August 20, 2013. www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/2796006800.pdf.Google Scholar

Ip, E. H., Rahmandad, H., Shoham, D. A., Hammond, R., Huang, T.-K., Wang, Y., and Mabry, P. L.. 2013. “Reconciling Statistical and Systems Science Approaches to Public Health.” Health Education & Behavior 40 (1S): 123S–131S.Google Scholar

IPPNW (International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War). 2001. “Preventing War through Non-violent Direct Involvement in Conflict I: Principles and Background.” Medicine, Conflict and Survival 17 (4): 309–322.Google Scholar

Irwin, A., and Scali, E.. 2010. “Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Learning from Previous Experiences.” Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 1 (Debates). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Jackson, M. O., and Morelli, M.. 2011. “The Reasons for War: An Updated Survey.” In The Handbook on the Political Economy of War, edited by Coyne, C. J. and Mathers, R., 34–57. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar

Jayasinghe, S. 2011. “Conceptualising Population Health: From Mechanistic Thinking to Complexity Science.” Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 8: 2. doi: 10.1186/1742-7622-8-2.Google Scholar

Joffe, M., Gambhir, M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., and Vineis, P.. 2012. “Causal Diagrams in Systems Epidemiology.” Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 9: 1. doi: 10.1186/1742-7622-9-1.Google Scholar

Joffe, M., and Mindell, J.. 2006. “Complex Causal Process Diagrams for Analyzing the Health Impacts of Policy Interventions.” American Journal of Public Health 96 (3): 473–479.Google Scholar

de Jong, J. T. V. M. 2010. “A Public Health Framework to Translate Risk Factors related to Political Violence and War into Multi-level Preventive Interventions.” Social Science & Medicine 70: 71–79.Google Scholar

Karp, A. 2011. “Estimating Civilian Owned Firearms. Small Arms Survey Research Notes.” Accessed November 6, 2012. www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/H-Research_Notes/SAS-Research-Note-9.pdf.Google Scholar

Kruk, M. E., Freedman, L. P., Anglin, G. A., and Waldman, R. J.. 2010. “Rebuilding Health Systems to Improve Health and Promote Statebuilding in Post-conflict Countries: A Theoretical Framework and Research Agenda.” Social Science & Medicine 70: 89–97.Google Scholar

Kumanyika, S. K., Parker, L., and Sim, L. J., eds. 2010. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Making. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine National Academies Press.Google Scholar

Lederach, J. P., and Lederach, A. J.. 2010. When Blood & Bones Cry Out: Journeys Through the Soundscape of Healing & Reconciliation. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Leischow, S. J., and Milstein, B.. 2006. “Systems Thinking and Modeling for Public Health Practice.” American Journal of Public Health 96 (3): 403–405.Google Scholar

Loode, S. 2011. “Peacebuilding in Complex Social Systems.” Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development 18: 68–82.Google Scholar

Mabry, P. L., and Kaplan, R. M.. 2013. “Systems Science: A Good Investment for the Public’s Health.” Health Education & Behavior 40 (1S): 9S–12S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mabry, P. L., Milstein, B., Abraido-Lanza, A. F., Livingood, W. C., and Allegrante, J. P.. 2013. “Opening a Window on Systems Science Research in Health Promotion and Public Health.” Health Education & Behavior 40 (1S): 5S–8S.Google Scholar

Maddocks, I., ed. 2000. Primary Care of Landmine Injuries in Africa: A Basic Text for Health Care Workers. Cambridge, MA: International Physicians for the Prevention of War.Google Scholar

McDonnell, S. M., Bolton, P., Sunderland, N., Bellows, B., White, M., and Noji, E.. 2004. “The Role of the Applied Epidemiologist in Armed Conflict.” Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 1: 4. doi: 10.1186/1742-7622-1-4.Google Scholar

McLaren, L., and Hawe, P.. 2005. “Ecological Perspectives in Health Research.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59 (1): 6–14.Google Scholar

McMichael, A. J. 1999. “Prisoners of the Proximate: Loosening the Constraints on Epidemiology in an Age of Change.” American Journal of Epidemiology 149 (10): 887–897.Google Scholar

Mesjasz, C. 2006. “Complexity Studies and Security in the Complex World: An Epistemological Framework of Analysis.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Complex Systems, Boston, MA, June 25–30. http://necsi.edu/events/iccs6/viewpaper.php?id=147.Google Scholar

Middleton, J., and Pulford, M.. 1994. “Towards Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention of War.” Medicine and War 10: 294–305.Google Scholar

Milstein, B., Jones, A., Homer, J. B., Murphy, D., Essien, J., and Seville, D.. 2007. “Charting Plausible Futures for Diabetes Prevalence in the United States: A Role for System Dynamics Simulation Modeling.” Preventing Chronic Disease 4 (3): 1–8.Google Scholar

Moore, T. W., Linebarger, J. M., Finley, P. D., Mitchell, R., Beyeler, W. E., Davey, V. J., and Glass, R. J.. 2010. A Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling Framework for Public Health Action Exemplified by the Veterans Affairs Modeling Object Oriented Simulation Environment. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed August 20, 2013. www.sandia.gov/CasosEngineering/docs/MPHA_136_Moore_with_backup.pdf.Google Scholar

Murray, C. J. L., King, G., Lopez, A. D., Tomijima, N., and Krug, E. G.. 2002. “Armed Conflict as a Public Health Problem.” British Medical Journal 324: 346–349.Google Scholar

Mutaner, C. S., and Chung, H.. 2008. “Macrosocial Determinants, Epidemiology, and Health Policy: Should Politics and Economics Be Banned from Social Determinants of Health Research?” Journal of Public Health Policy 29 (3): 299–306.Google Scholar

Navarro, V. 2008. “Politics and Health: A Neglected Area of Research.” European Journal of Public Health 18 (4): 354–356.Google Scholar

Navarro, V., and Shi, L.. 2001. “The Political Context of Social Inequalities and Health.” Social Science & Medicine 52: 481–491.Google Scholar

Nurse, J., and Edmondson-Jones, P.. 2007. “A Framework for the Delivery of Public Health: An Ecological Approach.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61 (6): 555–558.Google Scholar

Oliver, T. 2006. “The Politics of Public Health Policy.” Annual Review of Public Health 27: 195–233.Google Scholar

Panter-Brick, C. 2010. “Conflict, Violence, and Health: Setting a New Interdisciplinary Agenda.” Social Science & Medicine 70: 1–6.Google Scholar

Parodies, Y., and Stevens, M.. 2005. “Conceptual Diagrams in Public Health Research.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59: 1012–1013.Google Scholar

Pham, P. N., Vinck, P., and Weinstein, H. M.. 2010. “Human Rights, Transitional Justice, Public Health and Social Reconstruction.” Social Science & Medicine 70: 98–105.Google Scholar

Pincus, W. 2011. “Excess-profits Tax on Defense Contractors During Wartime is Long Overdue.” Washington Post, December 32. Accessed June 15, 2013. www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/excess-profits-tax-on-defense-contractors-during-wartime-is-long-overdue/2012/12/31/c8f03416-513f-11e2-950a-7863a013264b_print.html.Google Scholar

Pintoa, A. D., Sharmab, M., and Muggah, R.. 2011. “An Agent–Vector–Host–Environment Model for Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons.” Medicine, Conflict and Survival 27 (2): 111–127.Google Scholar

Rasanathan, K. ed. 2011. “Discussion Paper: Closing the Gap: Policy into Practice on Social Determinants of Health.” World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, Rio de Janeiro, October 19–21. Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed September 29, 2011. www.who.int/sdhconference/Discussion-paper-EN.pdf.Google Scholar

Ruggiero, V. 2007. “Privatizing International Conflict: War as Corporate Crime.” Social Justice 34 (3/4): 132–147.Google Scholar

Sanders, T. I., and McCabe, J. A.. 2003. The Use of Complexity Science: A Survey of Federal Departments and Agencies, Private Foundations, Universities, and Independent Education and Research Centers. Washington, DC: Washington Center for Complexity and Public Policy. Accessed February 1, 2013. www.hcs.ucla.edu/DoEreport.pdf.Google Scholar

Saracci, R. 1991. “Preventing War.” Journal of Public Health Policy 12 (3): 265–269.Google Scholar

de Savigny, D., and Adam, T., eds. 2009. Systems Thinking for Health Systems Strengthening. Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Sidel, V. W. 1988. “Education About Nuclear War.” American Journal of Public Health 78 (8): 903.Google Scholar

Sidel, V. W., Levy, B. S., and Slutzman, J. E.. 2009. “Prevention of War and its Environ- mental Consequences.” In Environmental Consequences of War and Aftermath: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, edited by Kassim, T. A. and Barcelo, D., 21–39. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute). 2013. “Military Expenditure. SIPRI Yearbook 2013: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.” Stockholm: SIPRI. Accessed August 28, 2013. www.sipri.org/yearbook/2013/03.Google Scholar

Solar, O., and Irwin, A.. 2010. “A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health.” Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Ståhl, T., Wismar, M., Ollila, E., Lahtinen, E., and Leppo, K., eds. 2006. “Health in All Policies: Prospects and Potentials.” Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Accessed December 14, 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph_information/documents/health_in_all_policies.pdf.Google Scholar

Stewart, F. 2002. “Root Causes of Violent Conflict in Developing Countries.” British Medical Journal 324 (7333): 342–345.Google Scholar

Tam, C. C., Lopman, B. A., Bornemisza, O., and Sondorp, E.. 2004. “Epidemiology in Conflict – A Call to Arms.” Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 1: 5. doi: 10.1186/1742–7622-1-5.Google Scholar

Thomas, J. C., Sage, M., Dillenberg, J., and Guillory, V. J.. 2002. “A Code of Ethics for Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 92 (7): 1057–1059.Google Scholar

Tremblay, M-C., and Richard, L.. 2011. “Complexity: A Potential Paradigm for a Health Promotion Discipline.” Health Promotion International, September 8. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dar054. Accessed February 1, 2013. http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/09/07/heapro.dar054.full.pdf+html.Google Scholar

Trochim, W. M., Cabrera, D. A., Milstein, B., Gallagher, R. S., and Leischow, S. J.. 2006. “Practical Challenges of Systems Thinking and Modeling in Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 96 (3): 538–546.Google Scholar

Wallenstein, P. 2010. “Strategic Peacebuilding: Concepts and Challenges.” In Strategies of Peace: Transforming Conflict in a Violent World, edited by Philpott, D. and Powers, G. G., 45–64. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Weeks, M. R., Li, J., Liao, S., Zhang, Q., Dunn, J., Wang, Y., and Jiang, J.. 2013. “Multilevel Dynamic Systems Affecting Introduction of HIV/STI Prevention Innovations Among Chinese Women in Sex Work Establishments.” Health Education & Behavior 40 (1S): 111S–122S.Google Scholar

Weitkunat, R., and Wildner, M.. 2002. “Exploratory Causal Modeling in Epidemiology: Are All Factors Created Equal?” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55 (5): 436–444.Google Scholar

WFPHA (World Federation of Public Health Associations). 2011. “Armed Conflict and War – Passed by the WFPHA General Assembly.” Accessed June 15, 2013. www.wfpha.org/tl_files/doc/resolutions/positionpapers/peaceweapon/WFPHA_War_Resolution PC2011.pdf.Google Scholar

Whitaker, S. 2013. “Preventing Violent Conflict: A Revised Mandate for the Public Health Professional?” Journal of Public Health Policy 34 (1): 46–54.Google Scholar

White, S. K., Lown, B., and Rohde, J.. 2013. “War or Health? Assessing Public Health Education and the Potential for Primary Prevention.” Public Health Reports 128 (6): 568–573.Google Scholar

WHO (World Health Organization). 1997. “Health as a Bridge for Peace: Report on the First World Health Organization Consultative Meeting.” Accessed July 1, 2013. www.who.int/hac/techguidance/hbp/strategies_/en/index.html.Google Scholar

WHO (World Health Organization). 2002. “Report on the Second World Health Organization Consultation on Health as a Bridge for Peace.” Accessed July 1, 2013. www.who.int/hac/techguidance/hbp/Versoix_consultation_report.pdf.Google Scholar

WHO (World Health Organization). n.d. “What is Health as a Bridge for Peace?” Accessed July 1, 2013. www.who.int/hac/techguidance/hbp/about/en/index.html.Google Scholar

Wiist, W. H., Barker, K., Arya, N., Rohde, J., Donohoe, M., White, S., Lubens, P., Gorman, G., and Hagopian, A.. 2014. “The Role of Public Health in the Prevention of War: Rationale and Competencies.” American Journal of Public Health 104 (6): e34–e47. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301778.Google Scholar

Yusuf, S., Anand, S., and MacQueen, G.. 1998. “Can Medicine Prevent War?” British Medical Journal 317 (7174): 1669–1670.Google Scholar

Zanskas, S. 2010. “A Systems Approach to Post-conflict Rehabilitation.” In Trauma Rehabilitation After War and Conflict: Community and Individual Perspectives, edited by Martz, E., 111–131. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Crawford, Neta C. 2003. “Just War Theory and the U.S. Counterterror War,” Perspectives on Politics, 1(1): 5–25.Google Scholar

Denike, Margaret. 2008. “The Human Rights of Others: Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and ‘Just Causes’ for the ‘War on Terror,” Hypatia, 23(2): 95–121.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Lincoln, Bruce. 2003. Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Maguire, Daniel C. 2010. “The ‘Just War’ Theory: Application to United States and Israeli Militarism,” Social Justice 37 (2/3): 120–121.Google Scholar

Mason, Jeff. 2016. “Obama Rejects Singling Out Muslims in Fight Against Islamic State,” Reuters. Accessed July 17, 2016. www.reuters.com/article/us-belgium-blast-usa-obama-idUSKCN0WP27M.Google Scholar

Miller, Richard. 2010. Terror, Religion, and Liberal Thought. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Morkevicius, VO. 2012. “Change the Rules of the game: A just peace critique of Just War Thought,” Nova et Vetera (English edition). 10(4): 1115–1140.Google Scholar

Walt, Stephen. 2015. “What Should We Do If The Islamic State Wins?,” Foreign Policy: Accessed March 24, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/06/10/what-should-we-do-if-isis-islamic-state-wins-containment/,.Google Scholar

Walzer, Michael. 1977. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument With Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Washington, James M., ed. 1986. A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco.Google Scholar

Cavendish, Richard. 1998. “The Treaty of Westphalia.” History Today 48(10), November. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/treaty-westphalia.Google Scholar

Chandler, David L. 2011. “Using a Phone to Fly a Drone,” MIT News, November 8. Accessed October 16, 2016. http://news.mit.edu/2011/iphone-drone-control-1108.Google Scholar

Clapham, Andrew. 2012. Brierly’s Law of Nations, 7th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Clapham, Andrew and Gaeta, Paola, eds. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Corten, Olivier. 2012. The Law Against War: The Prohibition on the Use of Force in Contemporary International Law. French Studies in International Law. Oxford: Hart.Google Scholar

Dinstein, Yoram. 2012. War, Aggression and Self-Defence. 5th edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Distefano, Giovanni. 2014. “Use of Force.” In The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict, edited by Clapham, Andrew and Gaeta, Paola, 545–573. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dublin Diplomatic Conference. 2008. “Convention on Cluster Munitions.” Adopted May 30.Google Scholar

Franck, Thomas M. 1970. “Who Killed Article 2(4)? Or: Changing Norms Governing the Use of Force by States.” American Journal of International Law 64: 809–837.Google Scholar

Gray, Christine. 2008. International Law and the Use of Force. 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hague Peace Conference. 1899. “Hague Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes.” Adopted July 29. Accessed October 16, 2016. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/hague01.asp.Google Scholar

Hague Peace Conference. 1899a. “Declaration IV, III Concerning Expanding Bullets.” Adopted July 29. Accessed October 16, 2016. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=F5FF4D9CA7E41925C12563CD0051616B.Google Scholar

Hague Peace Conference. 1907. “Hague Convention (III) Relative to the Opening of Hostilities.” Adopted October 18. Accessed October 16, 2016. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/b59c84b75bfb1520c125641e0037aa5a?OpenDocument.Google Scholar

Heathcote, Gina. 2015. “Feminist Perspectives on the Law on the Use of Force.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law, edited by Weller, Marc, 114–128. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Henkin, Louis. 1971. “The Reports of the Death of Article 2(4) Are Greatly Exaggerated.” American Journal of International Law 64: 544–548.Google Scholar

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). 2016. “Final Act of the International Peace Conference. The Hague, 29 July 1899.” Geneva: ICRC. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/145?OpenDocument.Google Scholar

International Court of Justice (ICJ). 2006. Armed Activities on the Territory of Congo. Judgment. International Legal Materials 45: 271.Google Scholar

Keynes, Jean Maynard. 1971. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Collected Writings of J. M. Keynes, II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lesaffer, Randall. 2015. “From War as Sanction to the Sanction of War.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law, edited by Weller, Marc, 35–55. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Mancini, Marina. 2015. “The Effects of a State of War or Armed Conflict.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law, edited by Weller, Marc, 988–1013. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Mégret, Frédéric. 2002. “‘War’? Legal Semantics and the Move to Violence.” European Journal of International Law, 13(2): 361–399.Google Scholar

McNair, Arnold D. 1925. “The Legal Meaning of War, and the Relation of War to Reprisals.” In Transactions of the Grotius Society 11: 29–51. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.jstor.org/stable/742832.Google Scholar

League of Nations. 1919. “Covenant of the League of Nations.”Google Scholar

O’Connell, Robert. 1990. Of Arms and Men. A History of War, Weapons, and Aggression. USA: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Oslo Diplomatic Conference. 1997. “Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention.” Adopted September 18.Google Scholar

Paris Conference. 1928. “General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy.” Adopted August 27.Google Scholar

Pinker, Steven. 2011. The Better Angels of Our Nature. The Decline of Violence in History and its Causes. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds. 2010. The Oxford handbook of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Schindler, Dietrich and Toman, Juri. 1988. The Laws of Armed Conflicts. The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar

Schrijver, Nico. 2015. “The Ban on the Use of Force in the UN Charter.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law, edited by Weller, Marc, 465–487. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tomuschat, Christian. 2008. “Uniting for Peace.” UN Audio-Visual Library of International Law. New York: UN. Accessed October 16, 2016. http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ufp/ufp_e.pdf.Google Scholar

United Nations (UN). 1945. “Charter of the United Nations.” San Francisco: UN. Accessed October 16, 2016. https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf.Google Scholar

United Nations (UN). 2015. “Sustainable Development Goal 16.” Accessed October 16, 2016. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg16.Google Scholar

United Nations (UN). “Human Rights Up Front’ Initiative” Accessed October 22, 2016. www.un.org/sg/en/content/ban-ki-moon/human-rights-front-initiative.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly (UNGA). 1950. Resolution 377 A (V): “Uniting for Peace,” November 3. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/otherdocs/GAres377A(v).pdf.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 1970. Resolution 26/25 (XXV): “Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,” October 24. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.un-documents.net/a25r2625.htm.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 1974. Resolution 3314 (XXIX): “Definition of Aggression,” December 14. Accessed October 16, 2016. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/739/16/IMG/NR073916.pdf?OpenElement.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 1984. “Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace.” Approved by Resolution 39/11. November 12.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 1989. “Convention on the Rights of the Child.” Adopted by Resolution 44/25, November 20, 1989.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 1992. Resolution 47/120A: “An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy and Related Matters,” December 18. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.un.org/documents/ga/res/47/a47r120.htm.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 1993. Resolution 47/120B: “An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy and Related Matters,” December 20. Accessed July 5, 2017. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/47/a47r120.htm.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 2000. “Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.” UNGA Resolution 54/263, May 25.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 2005. Resolution 60/1: “2005 World Summit Outcome,” September 16. Accessed October 16, 2016. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 2015. Resolution 70/33: “Taking Forward Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament Negotiations,” December 7. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/33.Google Scholar

UN General Assembly UNGA. 2015a. Resolution 70/1: “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” September 25. Accessed October 16, 2016. www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1.Google Scholar

Weller, Marc, ed. 2015. The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Wrangham, Richard and Peterson, Dale. 1996. Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar

American Public Health Association. 2009. “The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics, and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War,” November 10. Policy Statement No. 20095. Accessed May 24 2017. www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/22/13/29/the-role-of-public-health-practitioners-academics-and-advocates-in-relation-to-armed-conflict.Google Scholar

American Public Health Association. 2002. “Opposing War in Central Asia and the Persian Gulf,” November 13. Policy Statement No. 200211. Accessed May 24 2017. http://apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/11/10/47/opposing-war-in-central-asia-and-the-persian-gulf.Google Scholar

American Public Health Association. 1985. “The Health Effects of Militarism,” January 1. Policy Statement No. 8531(PP). Accessed May 24 2017. www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/10/14/53/the-health-effects-of-militarism.Google Scholar

Arya, Neil. 2008. “Tertiary prevention—The World Health Organization: Health as a Bridge for Peace.” In Peace Through Health: How Health Professionals Can Work for a Less Violent World, edited by Arya, Neil and Santa Barbara, Joanna, eds. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar

Arya, Neil and Zurbrigg, Sheila. 2003. “Operation Infinite Injustice: Impact of Sanctions and Prospective War on the People of Iraq.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 94(1): 9–12.Google Scholar

Barber, Mary. 1950. “Atomic Weapons and the Medical Profession.” British Medical Journal 1 (4657): 844.Google Scholar

Bloom, Joshua D., Sambunjak, Dario, and Sondorp, Egbert. 2007. “High-Impact Medical Journals and Peace: A History of Involvement.” Journal of Public Health Policy 28 (3): 341–355.Google Scholar

Boelen, Charles, and Heck, Jeffery E. 1995. “Defining and Measuring the Social Accountability of Medical Schools.” Geneva: World Health Organization, WHO/HRH/95.7. Accessed May 15, 2016. www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/59441.Google Scholar

Christie, Daniel J., and Montiel, Cristina J.. 2013. “Contributions of Psychology to War and Peace.” American Psychologist 68 (7): 502–513.Google Scholar

Doll, Richard, Esterman, Alfred, Gilliland, Ian et. al. 1951. “Letters to the Editor – Prospect of War.” Lancet 6647 (January 20): 170.Google Scholar

Dunne, David, Geppert, Amanda, and Courneya, Carol Ann. 2013. “Idealism Is Not Enough: Designing Peace into Medical Education.” Leadership in Health Services 26 (4): 294–311.Google Scholar

Ervin, Frank R., Glazier, John B., Aronow, Saul, et al. 1962. “The Medical Consequences of Thermonuclear War, I: Human and Ecologic Effects in Massachusetts of an Assumed Thermonuclear Attack on the United States.” New England Journal of Medicine 266: 1127–1137.Google Scholar

Farmer, Paul, Kleinman, Arthur, Kim, Jim, and Basilico, Matthew. 2013. Reimaging Global Health: An Introduction. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Finnemore, Martha. 1999. “Rules of War and Wars of Rules: The International Red Cross and the Restraint of State Violence.” In Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875, edited by Boli, John and Thomas, George M., 149–168. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Forrow, Lachlan, and Sidel, Victor W.. 1998. “Medicine and Nuclear War: From Hiroshima to Mutual Assured Destruction to Abolition 2000.” JAMA 280 (5): 456–461.Google Scholar

Global Response 2010. 2010. “Final Report: Conference on Violent Conflict and Health,” January 22–25, 2010. Accessed May 5, 2016. http://pgs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/GR2010_FINAL_REPORT.pdf.Google Scholar

Hess, G. and Pfeiffer, M.. 2000. “Comparative Analysis of WHO Health as a Bridge for Peace Case Studies.” Prepared for Department for Emergency and Humanitarian Action World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. Accessed October 31, 2016. www.who.int/hac/techguidance/hbp/comparative_analysis/en/Google Scholar

Hodge, R. Sessions. 1951. “Letters to the Editor.” The Lancet. 257 (6649): 292.Google Scholar

Humphrey, John. 1985. “The Development of the Physicians’ Peace Movements.” Medicine and War 1 (2): 87–99.Google Scholar

Ike, B.W. 1984. “Prevention of War in Medical Literature.” Current Research on Peace and Violence 7 (1): 65–77.Google Scholar

International Council of Nurses. 2012. “Position Statement: Armed Conflict.” Geneva: Switzerland. Accessed May 18, 2016. www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/position_statements/E01_Armed_Conflict.pdf.Google Scholar

International Council of Nurses. 2003. “Towards Elimination of Weapons of War and Conflict.” Nursing Ethics 10(4): 439–440.Google Scholar

IPPNW. 2016a. “IPPNW Affiliate Directory.” Accessed September 15, 2016. www.ippnw.org/affiliates-directory.html.Google Scholar

IPPNW. 2016b. “Milestones.” Accessed October 31, 2016. www.ippnw.org/milestones.htmlGoogle Scholar

Iriye, Akira. 2004. Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Contemporary World. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Journal of the Danish Medical Association. 2010. Special Issue: Conflict and War. 172 (2): 77–168.Google Scholar

Kleidman, Robert. 1993. Organizing for Peace: Neutrality, the Test Ban, and the Freeze. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar

Lancet. 2010. Special Issue: Violent Conflict and Health. 375 (9711): 253–346.Google Scholar

Lewar, Nick. 1992. Physicians and the Peace Movement. London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd.Google Scholar

MacQueen, Graeme, McCutcheon, Richard, and Barbara, Joanna Santa. 1997. “The Use of Health Initiatives as Peace Initiatives.” Peace & Change 22 (2): 175–197.Google Scholar

Maddocks, Ian. 1996. “Evolution of the Physicians’ Peace Movement: A Historical Perspective.” Health and Human Rights 2 (1): 88–109.Google Scholar

McDonnell, Sharon M., Bolton, Paul, Sunderland, Nadine, Bellows, Ben, White, Mark, and Noji, Eric. 2004. “The Role of the Applied Epidemiologist in Armed Conflict.” Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 1 (October): 4.Google Scholar

Medact. 2014. “Predicting the Unthinkable: Health Impact Assessment and Conflict. A Case Study to Assess the Potential Health Consequences of Military Action against Iran.” Accessed May 24, 2017. www.medact.org/weapons-war/health-impact-assessment/.Google Scholar

Medact. 2004. “Enduring Effects of War – Health in Iraq.” Accessed August 30, 2016. www.medact.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Medact-2004-Health-in-Iraq-2004.pdf.Google Scholar

Medact. 2003. “Continuing Collateral Damage: The health and Environmental Costs of War in Iraq.” Accessed August 30, 2016. www.medact.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Medact-2003-The-Health-Environmental-Costs-of-War-on-Iraq-2003.pdf.Google Scholar

Medical Peace Work. 2015. “Medical Peace Work Online Courses.” Accessed September 15, 2016. www.medicalpeacework.org/mpw-courses.html.Google Scholar

Nathan, D.G., Geiger, H.J, Sidel, V.W., and Lown, B.. 1962. “The Medical Consequences of Thermonuclear War: Introduction.” New England Journal of Medicine 266: 1126–1127.Google Scholar

Panter-Brick, Catherine. 2010. Special Issue: Conflict, Violence and Health. Social Science & Medicine 70(1): 1–168.Google Scholar

Parran, Thomas and Boudreau, Frank G.. 1946. “The World Health Organization: Cornerstone of Peace,” American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health 36 (11): 1271.Google Scholar

Physicians for Human Rights. 2000. “Measuring Landmine Incidents and Injuries and the Capacity to Provide Care.” Boston: Physicians for Human Rights. Accessed October 31, 2016. https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_Reports/guide-assess-landmine-injuries-2000.pdfGoogle Scholar

Public Health Working Group on Primary Prevention of War. 2014. “Electronic Resource Centre.” Accessed September 15, 2016. https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/hagopian/45591/329320.Google Scholar

Siddiqi, Javed. 1995. World Health and World Politics: The World Health Organization and the UN System. London: Hurst & Company.Google Scholar

Sidel, V.W., Geiger, H.J., and Lown, B.. 1962. “The Medical Consequences of Thermonuclear War, II: The Physician’s Role in the Post Attack Period.” New England Journal of Medicine 266: 1137–1145.Google Scholar

Taylor, C. 1950. “Atomic Weapons and the Medical Profession.” British Medical Journal 1 (4657): 844.Google Scholar

Tschudin, Verena, and Schmitz, Christine. 2003. “The Impact of Conflict and War on International Nursing and Ethics.” Nursing Ethics 10 (4): 354–367.Google Scholar

Vickers, H.E. 1951. “Letters to the Editor.” The Lancet. 257 (6649): 293.Google Scholar

Wiist, William H., Barker, Kathy, Arya, Neil, Rohde, Jon, Donohoe, Martin, White, Shelley, Lubens, Pauline, Gorman, Geraldine, and Hagopian, Amy. 2014. “The Role of Public Health in the Prevention of War: Rationale and Competencies.” American Journal of Public Health 104(6): e34–347.Google Scholar

World Health Assembly. 1981. “Resolution 34.38: Health for All by the Year 2000: The Contribution of Health to Socioeconomic Development and Peace: Implementation of Resolution 34/58 of the United Nations General Assembly and of Resolutions WHA32.24 and WHA33.24.” Geneva: Sixteenth Plenary Meeting, May 22, 1981. A34/VR/16. Accessed May 24, 2017. www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/156635.Google Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 2016.“Questions and Answers about WHO’s Role in Humanitarian Health Action.” Accessed June 15, 2016. www.who.int/hac/about/faqs/en/index8.html.Google Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 2011. “The Fourth Ten Years of the World Health Organization.” Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 2008. “The Third Ten Years of the World Health Organization.” Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. “World Report on Violence and Health.” Geneva, World Health Organization. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42495/1/9241545615_eng.pdf.Google Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 1978. “Declaration of Alma Ata.” Declaration arising from the International Conference on Primary Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, September 6–12. Accessed April 20, 2016. www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdfGoogle Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 1968. “The Second Ten Years of the World Health Organization.” Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

World Health Organization (WHO). 1958. “The First Ten Years of the World Health Organization.” Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

Arthur, David, and Frisk, Daniel. 2014. “Growth in DoD’s Budget From 2000 to 2014.” Washington D.C.: Congressional Budget Office.Google Scholar

Barton, Antigone. 2014. “AIDS 2014: Financing the New Global HIV Treatment Vision – Advocacy and Economics.” Science Speaks: Global ID News, July 23. Accessed September 10, 2016. http://sciencespeaksblog.org/2014/07/23/aids-2014-financing-the-new-global-hiv-treatment-vision-advocacy-and-economics/Google Scholar

Bilmes, Linda J. 2013. “The Financial Legacy of Iraq and Afghanistan: How Wartime Spending Decisions Will Constrain Future National Security Budgets.” Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP13-006, March.Google Scholar

Bruenig, Matt. 2013. “How Much Money Would It Take to Eliminate Poverty in America?” The American Prospect, September 24.Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2016. “Global WASH Fast Facts.” April 11. Accessed September 10, 2016. www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/wash_statistics.htmlGoogle Scholar

Children’s Defense Fund. 2015. “Ending Child Poverty Now.” Accessed September 10, 2016. www.childrensdefense.org/library/PovertyReport/EndingChildPovertyNow.htmlGoogle Scholar

Congressional Budget Office (CBO). 2015. “Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2015 to 2024.” Accessed September 12, 2016. www.cbo.gov/publication/49870Google Scholar

Department of Defense (DOD). 2015. “Program Acquisition Cost by Weapon System.” Office of the Under Secretary of Defense Comptroller, February. Accessed September 2. 2016. http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2016/fy2016_Weapons.pdfGoogle Scholar

Eisenhower, Dwight D. 1953. “The Chance for Peace.” Speech. Washington, D.C., April 16. Accessed September 16, 2016. www.eisenhower.archives.gov/all_about_ike/speeches/chance_for_peace.pdfGoogle Scholar

Federal Procurement Data System. n.d. “Reports Category.” Accessed September 30, 2016. Accessed September 30, 2016. www.fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms/index.php/en/reports.htmlGoogle Scholar

Friends Committee on National Legislation. n.d. “Where Do Our Income Tax Dollars Go?” Accessed September 10, 2016. www.arlingtonwestsantamonica.org/docs/Taxes10coin_chart.pdfGoogle Scholar

Frohlich, Thomas C., and Kent, Alexander. 2014. “Countries Spending the Most on the Military.” USA Today, July 12.Google Scholar

Gould, Skye, and Bender, Jeremy. 2015. “Here’s How the US Military Spends Its Billions.” Business Insider, August 29.Google Scholar

Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes, and Skinner, Curtis. 2016. “Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children Under 18 Years, 2014.” National Center for Children in Poverty, February. Accessed September 15, 2016. www.nccp.org/publications/pub_1145.htmlGoogle Scholar

Marmot, Michael. 2002. “The Influence of Income On Health: Views of an Epidemiologist,” Health Affairs 21(2): 31–46.Google Scholar

Matthews, Christopher. 2008. “The World Only Needs 30 Billion Dollars a Year to Eradicate the Scourge.” FAO Newsroom, June 3.Google Scholar

National Priorities Project. n.d.a “Trade-Offs: Taxpayers in the United States and Department of Defense.” Accessed September 30, 2016. www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/trade-offs/Google Scholar

National Priorities Project. n.d.b. “Your Federal Income Tax Receipt.” Accessed September 30, 2016. www.nationalpriorities.org/interactive-data/taxday/Google Scholar

National Priorities Project. n.d.c. “U.S. Military Spending vs. the World.” Accessed September 30, 2016. www.nationalpriorities.org/campaigns/us-military-spending-vs-world/.Google Scholar

National Priorities Project. 2015. “Notes and Sources.” May 28. Accessed September 25, 2016. www.nationalpriorities.org/cost-of/resources/notes-and-sources/Google Scholar

National Priorities Project. 2016. “How Military Spending Has Changed Since 9/11.” Accessed September 25, 2016. www.nationalpriorities.org/campaigns/how-military-spending-has-changed/.Google Scholar

Smith, Jessica C., and Medalia, Carla. 2015. “Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2014.” U.S. Census Bureau, September. Accessed September 6, 2016. www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-253.pdfGoogle Scholar

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). 2014. SIPRI Yearbook 2014: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). 2015. “United States – Arms Imports.” Accessed September 30, 20016. www.sipri.org/research/armament-and-disarmament/arms-transfers-and-military-spending/international-arms-transfersGoogle Scholar

The Borgen Project. 2013. “The Cost to End World Hunger.” February 15. Accessed September 10, 2016. http://borgenproject.org/the-cost-to-end-world-hunger/Google Scholar

Thompson, Mark. 2015. “The True Cost of the Afghanistan War May Surprise You.” Time Magazine, January 1.Google Scholar

UNAIDS. 2016. “Fact Sheet 2016.” Accessed September 25, 2016. www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheetGoogle Scholar

UNICEF. 2016. “Fact Sheet: Malaria, A Global Crisis.” Accessed September 24, 2016. www.unicef.org/media/media_20475.htmlGoogle Scholar

US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2015. “Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers, 2014.” BLS Reports 1054, April. Accessed September 22, 2016. www.bls.gov/opub/reports/minimum-wage/archive/characteristics-of-minimum-wage-workers-2014.pdfGoogle Scholar

US Department of Homeland Security (DOHS). n.d. “Overview.” Accessed September 26, 2016. www.secretservice.gov/about/overview/Google Scholar

US Department of Homeland Security (DOHS). 2016. “Budget-in-Brief Fiscal Year 2016.” Accessed September 23, 2016. www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/FY_2016_DHS_Budget_in_Brief.pdfGoogle Scholar

US Department of Veterans Affairs. 2016. “Budget in Brief Fiscal 2017.” Accessed September 24, 2016. www.va.gov/budget/docs/summary/Fy2017-BudgetInBrief.pdfGoogle Scholar

US Secret Service. n.d. www.secretservice.gov/ Retrieved, June 15, 2016.Google Scholar

Vine, David. 2015. “The United States Probably Has More Foreign Military Bases Than Any Other People, Nation, or Empire in History.” The Nation, September 14.Google Scholar

Vine, David. 2015. “Where in the World Is the U.S. Military?” Politico Magazine, August.Google Scholar

Walker, Dinah. 2014. “Trends in U.S. Military Spending.” Council on Foreign Relations, July. Accessed July 20, 2016. www.cfr.org/defense-budget/trends-us-military-spending/p28855Google Scholar

Washington Post. 2013. “The Black Budget: Explore Top Secret U.S. Intelligence Funding.” August 29. Accessed September 24, 2016. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/black-budget/.Google Scholar

White, Shelley K., Lown, Bernard, and Rohde, Jon E.. 2013. “War or Health? Assessing Public Health Education and the Potential for Primary Prevention.” Public Health Reports 12(6): 568–573.Google Scholar

Wimer, Christopher, Nam, Jaehyun, Waldfogel, Jane, and Fox, Liana. 2016. “Trends in Child Poverty Using an Improved Measure of Poverty.” Academic Pediatrics 16 (3): s60–s66.Google Scholar

World Food Programme. 2016. “Hunger Statistics.” Accessed September 6, 2016. www.wfp.org/hunger/statsGoogle Scholar

World Health Organization. 2012. “Global Costs and Benefits of Drinking-Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions to Reach the MDG Target and Universal Coverage.” Accessed September 6, 2016. www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/globalcosts.pdfGoogle Scholar

World Health Organization. 2015. “Tracking Universal Health Coverage: First Global Monitoring Report.” Geneva: WHO. Accessed September 6, 2016. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/174536/1/9789241564977_eng.pdf?ua=1Google Scholar

Zelman, Brittany, Kiszewski, Anthony, Cotter, Chris, and Liu, Jenny. 2014. “Costs of Eliminating Malaria and the Impact of the Global Fund in 34 Countries.” PLOS ONE 9(12): e115714.Google Scholar

Bandow, Doug. 1994. “Time to Kill Draft Registration.” Foundation for Economic Education December 1. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://fee.org/articles/time-to-kill-draft-registration/Google Scholar

BBC. 2014. “Pacifism.” Accessed April 30, 2016. www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/war/against/pacifism_1.shtml.Google Scholar

Brock, Peter, and Socknat, Thomas Paul. 1999. “Preface” to Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945, ix–iiv. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=05O59RoOz4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Peter+Brock&ots=akng1hrDog&sig=TOrnORlxFpUWrYL T7K8__6zO3DE#v=onepage&q=Peter%20Brock&f=falseGoogle Scholar

Burk, James. 1995. “Citizenship Status and Military Service: The Quest for Inclusion By Minorities and Conscientious objectors.” Armed Forces & Society 21(4): 503–529.Google Scholar

Burk, James. 1989. “Debating the Draft in America.” Armed Forces & Society 15(3): 431–448.Google Scholar

Cady, Duane. 2014. “Pacifism Is Not Passivism.” Philosophy Now 105: 9–11.Google Scholar

Chambers, John W. 1993 “Conscientious Objectors and the American State from Colonial Times to the Present.” In The New Conscientious Objection: From Sacred to Secular Resistance, edited by Moskos, Charles C. and Chambers II, John Whiteclay, 23–46. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Chin, Richard. 2014. “Remembering the Minnesota Starvation Experiment.” Washington Times, November 24. Accessed April 30, 2016. www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/24/remembering-the-minnesota-starvation-experiment/?page=allGoogle Scholar

Elliott, Gregory C. 1980. “Components of Pacifism Conceptualization and Measurement.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 24(1): 27–54.Google Scholar

Gandhi, Leela. 1996. “Concerning Violence: The Limits and Circulations of Gandhian “Ahimsa” or Passive Resistance.” Cultural Critique 35: 105–147.Google Scholar

Greenawalt, Kent. 1971. “All or Nothing at All: The Defeat of Selective Conscientious Objection.” The Supreme Court Review 1971: 31–94.Google Scholar

Hassell, Tristin S. 2011. “Pacifism.” In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, pp. 803–806. Springer Netherland. Accessed April 30, 2016. http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-9160–5_138Google Scholar

Hughes, Thomas Patrick. A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopaedia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion. London: WH Allen & Company, 1895. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=TD0KAQAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Thomas+Patrick+Hughes&ots=xbqj_BHbQ7&sig=KLv9W5G5s6gzg4EPNMGqw3i8FL0#v=onepage&q=Thomas%20Patrick%20Hughes&f=falseGoogle Scholar

Justia US Supreme Court. 2016. “United States vs. Seeger, 380 U. S. 163 (1965).” Accessed April 30, 2016. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/380/163/Google Scholar

Justia US Supreme Court. 2016. “Welsh vs. United States, 398 U.S. 333, 90 S. Ct. 1792, 26 L.Ed. 2d 308. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/398/333/case.htmlGoogle Scholar

Keown, Damien. 1998. “Are there ‘Human Rights’ in Buddhism?” in Buddhism and Human Rights, edited by Keown, D., Prebish, C., and Husted, W., 15–41. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press.Google Scholar

Krehbiel, Nicholas A. 2012. General Lewis B. Hershey and Conscientious Objection During World War II. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.Google Scholar

Krehbiel, Nicholas. 2015. “The Story Begins.” Living Peace in a Time of War: The Civilian Public Service Story. Accessed April 30, 2016. http://cps.peaceworks.ca/storybegins/krehbielGoogle Scholar

Levine, Peter. 1981. “Draft Evasion in the North During the Civil War, 1863–1865.” The Journal of American History 67(4): 816–834.Google Scholar

Marullo, Sam, Chute, Alexandra, and Colwell, Mary Anna. 1991. “Pacifist and Nonpacifist Groups in the US Peace Movement of the 1980s.” Peace & Change 16(3): 235–259.Google Scholar

Moskos, Charles C., and Chambers, John Whiteclay II, eds. 1993. The New Conscientious Objection: From Sacred to Secular Resistance. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Perri, Timothy J. 2013. “The Evolution of Military Conscription in the United States.” The Independent Review 17(3): 429–439.Google Scholar

Public Broadcasting Service. 2008. “Background: Soldiers at War,” History of Conscientious Objection in the United States. Accessed April 30, 2016. www.pbs.org/pov/soldiersofconscience/background/Google Scholar

Rienzi, Mark L. 2012. “The Constitutional Right Not to Kill.” Emory Law Journal 62: 121.Google Scholar

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1940. “Selective Service and Training Act of 1940.” World Affairs 103(3): 179–186. Accessed April 30, 2016. www.jstor.org/stable/20663471Google Scholar

Sanburn, Josh. 2011. “A Brief History of Self-Immolation.” Time, January 20. Accessed April 30, 2016. http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2043123,00.htmlGoogle Scholar

Shields, Stephanie A. 2008. “Gender: An Intersectionality Perspective.” Sex Roles 59(5–6): 301–311.Google Scholar

Schneider, Nathan. 2014. “Can Monasteries Become a Model for Reclaiming Tech Culture? The Prototype: an Ancient City in Beta.” The Nation 299(11): 28–33.Google Scholar

Thorne, Barrie. 1975. “Protest and the Problem of Credibility: Uses of Knowledge and Risk- Taking in the Draft Resistance Movement of the 1960‘s.” Social Problems 23(2): 111–123.Google Scholar

Traer, Robert. 1988. “Buddhist Affirmations of Human Rights.” Buddhist-Christian Studies 8: 13–19.Google Scholar

US Government Selective Service System. 2016. “Background of Selective Service.” Accessed April 30, 2016. https://www.sss.gov/About/History-AndRecords/Background-Of-Selective-Service.Google Scholar

US Government National Archives and Records Administration. 2016. “Selective Service Records.” National Archives. Last modified August 15. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/archival-programs/other-records/selective-service.htmlGoogle Scholar

Weisenmiller, Mark. 2015. “Muhammad Ali and the Supreme Court Case That Redefined the Role of Sports Heroes in American Culture: PART 2” History News Network. Accessed April 30, 2016. http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/160642Google Scholar

Yoder, Anne. 2007. “Conscientious Objection in America: Primary Sources for Research.” Swarthmore College Library. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/conscientiousobjection/co%20website/pages/HomeNew.htmlGoogle Scholar

Yoder, Anne. 2014. “The Great War -Conscientious Objection During World War I.” Home Before the Leaves Fall. Accessed April 30, 2016. https://wwionline.org/articles/conscientious-objection-during-world-war-i/Google Scholar

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). 2008. “Soldiers of Misfortune: Abusive U.S. Military Recruitment and Failure to Protect Child Soldiers.” Accessed May 25, 2017. www.aclu.org/human-rights/soldiers-misfortune-abusive-us-military-recruitment-and-failure-protect-child-soldiersGoogle Scholar

American Public Health Association (APHA). 2012. “Cessation of Military Recruiting in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools.”Google Scholar

Baldor, Lolita. 2016. “Women in Combat and the Draft: Answers to your Biggest Questions.” Military Times, February. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.militarytimes.com/story/military/2016/02/16/women-combat-and-draft-answers-your-biggest-questions/80441992/Google Scholar

Barker, Kathy. June 2016. “Counter Recruiting at Educational Conventions.” Draft Notices: 4–5.Google Scholar

Bronner, Michael. 2005. “The Recruiters’ War.” Vanity Fair, September: Accessed May 26, 2017. www.vanityfair.com/news/2005/09/recruiters200509Google Scholar

Buzzell, Emily, and Preston, Samuel H.. 2007. “Mortality of American Troops in the Iraq War.” Population and Development Review 33 (3): 555–566.Google Scholar

Castro, Erin L. 2015. “Not Ready for College, but Ready for the Military: A Policy Challenge for the College- and Career-Readiness Agenda.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 23 (75): 1–21.Google Scholar

Child Soldiers International. April 2012. “Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in Advance of the USA’s Second Periodic Report on the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.” Accessed May 26, 2017. www.child-soldiers.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=82bc124f-fcfc-454d-ad3e-7d95da4c338aGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam. December 9, 2004. “Noam Chomsky Supports a Draft Army without Class Bias.” Interview with Amy Goodman. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.indybay.org/newsitems/2004/12/09/17089851.phpGoogle Scholar

Craven, Samantha, Brown, Sarah, and Gilchrist, Elizabeth. 2006. “Sexual grooming of children: Review of literature and theoretical considerations.” Journal of Sexual Aggression 12 (3): 287–299.Google Scholar

Elder, Glen H. Jr, Wang, Lin, Spence, Naomi J., Adkins, Daniel E., and Brown, Tyson H.. 2010. “Pathways to the All-Volunteer Military.” Social Science Quarterly 91 (2): 455–475.Google Scholar

Fager, Chuck, and Stephens, John. 2014. “Sergeant Abe the Honest Recruiter.” Quaker House. Accessed May 25, 2017. www.quakerhouse.org/content/sergeant-abe-honest-recruiterGoogle Scholar

Fanning, Rory. 2016. “The Wars in Our Schools: An Ex-Army Ranger Finds a New Mission.” Accessed May 25, 2017. www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176125/tomgram%3A_rory_fanning%2C_talking_to_the_young_in_a_world_that_will_never_truly_be_%22postwar%22Google Scholar

Hagopian, Amy, and Barker, Kathy. 2011. “Should We End Military Recruiting in High Schools as a Matter of Child Protection and Public Health?” American Journal of Public Health 101 (1): 19–23.Google Scholar

Hagopian, Amy, Ratevosian, Jirair, and deRiel, Emily. 2009. “Gathering in Groups: Peace Advocacy in Health Professional Associations.” Acad Med 84 (11): 1485. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181baa21bGoogle Scholar

Harding, Scott, and Kershner, Seth. 2015. Counter-Recruitment and the Campaign to Demilitarize Public Schools. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Humble, Gregory V. (Major). 2012. “Why Schools do not Release ASVAB Scores to Military Recruiters.” Master of Military Art and Science, A thesis presented to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a563175.pdfGoogle Scholar

Jahner, Kyle. 2015. “Secret Tactics of Successful Army Recruiters.” ArmyTimes (March 2):page 2. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.armytimes.com/story/military/careers/2015/03/02/army-recruiter-secret-tactics/24081395/Google Scholar

Jones, Ann. 2013. “America’s Child Soldiers: The Pentagon’s JROTC Program Canvasses Public High Schools for Future Soldiers.” The Nation, December 16. Accessed May 25, 2017. www.thenation.com/article/americas-child-soldiers/Google Scholar

Kershner, Seth. 2015. “Starbase: The Military’s Effort to Indoctrinate Children.” Accessed May 25, 2017. www.comdsd.org/article_archive/STARBASE.htmlGoogle Scholar

Kime, Patricia. 2014. “Incidents of Rape in the Military Much Higher than Previously Reported.” MilitaryTimes, December. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.militarytimes.com/story/military/pentagon/2014/12/04/pentagon-rand-sexual-assault-reports/19883155/Google Scholar

Maxwell, Lesli. 2006. “San Francisco Bans JROTC.” Education Week 26 (13): 5.Google Scholar

McGauley, Sylvia. 2014. “The Military Invasion of My High School: The Role of JROTC.” Rethinking Schools 29: 36–41.Google Scholar

Pema, Elda. nd. “The Effect of High School JROTC on Student Achievement, Educational Attainment, Educational Attainment, and Enlistment.” Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, Monterey, CA. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.ufpj-dvn.org/ed-com/JROTC_Pema_Mehay.pdfGoogle Scholar

Rostker, Barnard 2006. “The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force.” Rand Corporation. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_briefs/2006/RAND_RB9195.pdfGoogle Scholar

Starr, Jerold. 1991. The Lessons of the Vietnam War. Pittsburg, PA: Center for Social Studies Education.Google Scholar

Tadjdeh, Yasmin 2013. “Industry, Academia, Government Grapple with Dwindling STEM Workforce.” National Defense Magazine 97(714): 24–25.Google Scholar

Under Secretary of Defense. 2014. “Population Representation in the Military Services: Fiscal Year 2014.” Department of Defense. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.cna.org/pop-rep/2014/appendixb/b_01.htmlGoogle Scholar

US Army. n.d. “ASVAB Career Exploration Counselor Guide.”Google Scholar

US Army Recruiting Command. September 2004. “School Recruiting Program Handbook,” USAREC Pamphlet 350–13. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.grassrootspeace.org/army_recruiter_hdbk.pdfGoogle Scholar

US Army Recruiting Command. 2011. “Recruiter Handbook,” USAREC Manual 3–01. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.usarec.army.mil/im/formpub/REC_PUBS/man3_01.pdfGoogle Scholar

US Congress. 1980. “Military Selective Service Act.” In Proc. No. 4771, July 2, 1980, 45 F.R. 45247, 94 Stat. 3775, as amended by Proc. No. 7275, Feb. 22, 2000, 65 F.R. 9199.Google Scholar

US Congress. 2002a. “Elementary and Secondary Education Act (No Child Left Behind).” In Public Law 107–110.Google Scholar

US Congress. 2002b. “National Defense Authorization Act.” In Public Law 107.Google Scholar

US Congress. 2015. “Elementary and Secondary Education Act (Every Student Succeeds, ESSA).” In Public Law 89–110.Google Scholar

US GAO. August 2006. “Military Recruiting: DOD and Services Need Better Data to Enhance Visibility over Recruiter Irregularities.” General Accountability Office. GAO-06-846. Accessed May 26, 2017. www.gao.gov/assets/260/251057.pdfGoogle Scholar

US Selective Service System. 2016a. “Benefits and Penalties.” Accessed May 25, 2017. www.sss.gov/Registration/Why-Register/Benefits-and-PenaltiesGoogle Scholar

US Selective Service System. 2016b. “State/Commonwealth and Territory Legislation.” Accessed May 25, 2017. www.sss.gov/Registration/State-Commonwealth-LegislationGoogle Scholar

Venetis, Penny. 2008. “Targeting Youth: What Everyone Should Know about Military Recruiting in Public High Schools.” A Report Prepared by The Constitutional Litigation Clinic, Rutgers School of Law-Newark, Rutgers University.Google Scholar

Vine, David 2015. “The United States Probably Has More Foreign Military Bases Than Any Other People, Nation, or Empire in History.” The Nation, September.Google Scholar

West, William F. 2016. “Army Recruiting at Schools.” The Daily Advance. Accessed May 25, 2017. www.dailyadvance.com/News/2016/03/15/Army-arrives-driving-new-recruiting-tool.htmlGoogle Scholar

Westheimer, Joel. 2007. Pledging Allegiance: The Politics of Patriotism in America’s Schools. New York: Teacher’s College Press, 171–188.Google Scholar

Wikipedia. 2016. “List of United States Military Schools and Academies.” Accessed May 25, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_schools_and_academiesGoogle Scholar

Alinsky, Saul. 1971. Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Bellin, Eva. 2012. “Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring.” Comparative Politics 44: 127–149Google Scholar

Bondurant, Joan V. 1988 [1958]. Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict (new revised edn.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Boyd, Andrew, and Mitchell, David Oswald 2012. Beautiful Trouble: A Toolbox for Revolution. New York: OR Books.Google Scholar

Boykoff, Jules. 2007. “Limiting Dissent: The Mechanisms of State Repression in the USA.” Social Movement Studies 6: 281–310.Google Scholar

Boyle, Francis A. 2008. Protesting Power: War, Resistance, and Law. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Carter, April. 2005. Direct Action and Democracy Today. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Chenoweth, Erica, and Stephan, Maria J.. 2011. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Cortright, David. 2008. Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gould, Robert M. 2012. “The Role of Health Professionals in Protecting Environmental Health.” In The Praeger Handbook of Environmental Health, edited by Friis, Robert H., 391–408. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar

Hall, Mitchell K. 2004. “The Vietnam Era Antiwar Movement.” OAH Magazine of History 18: 13–17.Google Scholar

Harcourt, Bernard E. 2013. “Political Disobedience.” In Occupy: Three Inquiries in Disobedience, 45–91. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Herngren, Per. 1993. Path of Resistance: The Practice of Civil Disobedience. Philadelphia: New Society.Google Scholar

Jiménez, Manuel. 2007. “Mobilizations Against the Iraq War in Spain: Background, Participants, and Electoral Implications.” South European Society and Politics 12: 399–420.Google Scholar

King, Martin Luther Jr. April 16, 1963. “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” Accessed May 25, 2017. http://okra.stanford.edu/transcription/document_images/undecided/630416–019.pdfGoogle Scholar

Lee, Micah. 2015. “Edward Snowden Explains how to Reclaim Your Privacy.” The Intercept. Accessed May 25, 2017. https://theintercept.com/2015/11/12/edward-snowden-explains-how-to-reclaim-your-privacy/Google Scholar

Ligt, de Bart. 1989 [1937]. The Conquest of Violence: An Essay on War and Peace. London: Pluto.Google Scholar

Martin, Brian. 2012. The Backfire Manual: Tactics Against Injustice. Sparsnäs: Irene.Google Scholar

Moyer, Bill. 2001. Doing Democracy: The MAP Model for Organizing Social Movements. Philadelphia: New Society.Google Scholar

Morozov, Evgeny. 2011. The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. Philadelphia: Perseus.Google Scholar

Paper Revolution. 2012. Street Medic Handbook for Occupy Chicago and the Mobilization Against the 2012 NATO Summit. March 7, Accessed May 25, 2017. www.paperrevolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/StreetMedicGuide.pdfGoogle Scholar

Peters, Shawn Francis. 2012. The Catonsville Nine: A Story of Faith and Resistance in the Vietnam Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rawls, John. 1999. A Theory of Justice (revised edn.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Reitan, Ruth. 2007. Global Activism. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Scheureman, William E. 2014. “Whistleblowing as Civil Disobedience: The Case of Edward Snowden.” Philosophy and Social Criticism 40: 609–628.Google Scholar

Sharp, Gene. 1973. The Politics of Nonviolent Action. Boston: Porter Sargent.Google Scholar

Sharp, Gene. 2009. Self-Liberation: A Guide to Strategic Planning for Action to End a Dictatorship or Other Oppression. East Boston, MA: Albert Einstein Institution.Google Scholar

Shirky, Clay. 2008. Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing without Organizations. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar

Smith, Christian. 1996. Resisting Reagan: The U.S. Central America Peace Movement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Starr, Armory, and Fernandez, Luis. 2009. “Legal Control and Resistance Post-Seattle.” Social Justice 36: 41–60.Google Scholar

Thoreau, Henry David. 1996 [1849]. “Resistance to Civil Government” (Civil Disobedience). In Thoreau: Political Writings, edited by Rosenblum, Nancy L., 1–22. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

War Resisters’ International. 2014. Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns. London: War Resisters’ InternationalGoogle Scholar

Zuniga, Markos Moulitsas. 2007. Taking on the System: Rules for Radical Change in the Digital Era. New York: Celebra.Google Scholar

Alinsky, Saul. 1971. Rules for Radicals: A Practical Primer for Realistic Radicals. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

American Public Health Association. 2009. “The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War.” Accessed July 17, 2016. www.apha.org/advocacy/policy/policysearch/default.htm?id=1391.Google Scholar

American Public Health Association. 2016. “APHA Legislative Advocacy Handbook.” Accessed September 24, 2016. www.iowapha.org/resources/Documents/APHA%20Legislative%20Advocacy%20Handbook1.pdf.Google Scholar

Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. 2016. “MPH Core Competency Model.” Accessed September 25, 2016. www.aspph.org/educate/models/mph-competency-model/.Google Scholar

Community Tool Box. 2016a. Accessed July 17, 2016. http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/direct-action/letters-to-editor/main.Google Scholar

Community Tool Box. 2016b. Accessed July 17, 2016. http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/participation/promoting-interest/public-service-announcements/main.Google Scholar

Corn, David. 2014. “7 Talking Points You Need for Discussing the Iraq Crisis.” Accessed September 24, 2016. www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/06/talking-points-iraq-crisis.Google Scholar

Crosbie, Eric, Sebrie, Ernesto M., and Glantz, Stanton A.. 2011. “Strong Advocacy Led to Successful Implementation of Smokefree Mexico City.” Tobacco Control 20: 64–72.Google Scholar

DeBenedetti, Charles. 1990. An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar

Dreicer, Mona and Pregenzer, Arian. 2014. “Nuclear Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Counterterrorism: Impacts on Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 104: 591–595.Google Scholar

Fell, James C. and Voas, Robert B.. 2006. “Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD): The First 25 Years.” Traffic Injury Prevention 7: 195–212.Google Scholar

Galer-Unti, Regina A., Tappe, Marlene K., and Lachenmayr, Sue. 2004. “Advocacy 101: Getting Started in Health Education Advocacy.” Health Promotion Practice 5: 280–288.Google Scholar

Galer-Unti, Regina A. 2010. “Advocacy 2.0: Advocating in the Digital Age.” Health Promotion Practice 11: 784–787.Google Scholar

Gebbie, Kristine, Rosenstock, Linda, and Hernandez, Lyla M.. eds. 2003. ”Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? Educating Public Health Professionals for the 21st Century.” Committee on Educating Public Health Professionals for the 21st Century Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar

Helfand, Ira, Junkari, Antti, and Onazi, Ogebe. 2014. “Preventing Nuclear War: A Professional Responsibility for Physicians.” American Medical Association Journal of Ethics 16: 739–744.Google Scholar

Klare, Michael T., Levy, Barry S., and Sidel, Victor. 2011. “The Public Health Implications of Resource Wars.” American Journal of Public Health 101: 1615–1619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kingdon, John W. 1984. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar

Kumar, Deepa. 2006. “Media, War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information Management During the 2003 Iraq War.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 3(1): 48–69.Google Scholar

Lieberfeld, Daniel. 2008. “What Makes an Effective Antiwar Movement? Theme-Issue Introduction.” International Journal of Peace Studies 13 (1): 1–14.Google Scholar

Oliver, Thomas R. 2006. “The Politics of Public Health Policy.” Annual Review of Public Health 27: 195–233.Google Scholar

Terris, Milton. 1968. “A Social Policy for Health.” American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health 58: 5–12.Google Scholar

Thomas, James C., Sage, Michael, Dillenberg, Jack, and Guillory, V. James. 2002. “A Code of Ethics for Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 92: 1057–1059.Google Scholar

Tollestrup, Jessica. 2014. The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.Google Scholar

Tucker, Jasmine. 2015. “Where Did Your Tax Dollar Go?” Accessed September 26, 2016. www.nationalpriorities.org/blog/2015/04/08/where-did-your-2014-tax-dollars-go/.Google Scholar

US Congress. 2016. Accessed July 25, 2016. www.congress.gov/.Google Scholar

US Department of State, Office of The Historian. 2016. “U.S. Diplomacy and Yellow Journalism, 1895–1898.” Accessed: September 24, 2016. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/yellow-journalism.Google Scholar

U.S. Federal Election Commission. 2010. “Electioneering Communications.” Accessed September 26, 2016. http://fec.gov/pages/brochures/electioneering.shtml.Google Scholar

U.S. House of Representatives. 2016. “The Legislative Process.” Accessed July 25, 2016. www.house.gov/content/learn/legislative_process/.Google Scholar

Verhulst, Joris. 2010. “February 15, 2003: The World Says No to War.” In The World Says No to War: Demonstrations Against the War on Iraq, edited by Walgrave, Stefaan and Rucht, Dieter, 1–19. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Vernick, Jon S. 1999. “Lobbying and Advocacy for the Public’s Health: What Are the limits for Non-Profit Organizations?” American Journal of Public Health 89:1425–1429.Google Scholar

White, Shelley K., Lown, Bernard, and Rohde, Jon E.. 2013. “War or Health? Assessing Public Health Education and the Potential for Primary Prevention.” Public Health Reports 128: 568–573.Google Scholar