The observational evidence presented in the first nine chapters requires that objects and events in the universe are much different than has been commonly supposed. Exactly how the universe does work in detail, of course, cannot be specified with certainty at this moment. It is possible such a time can never come. Nevertheless, it will be fascinating to discuss some of the advances in understanding that might result from this new observational evidence.

The Empirical Results

We have emphasized previously that only one well-documented example of an extragalactic, nonvelocity redshift is required to overthrow the current assumption that all extragalactic redshifts are caused only by velocity of recession. Table 11-1 recapitulates a dozen independent proofs of the phenomenon of nonvelocity redshift explored in this book. The table has been arranged in its present form in order to summarize these many different cases and also in order to fore stall an old game with which I unfortunately have had much experience. The game goes something like the following: “In such an important matter we want to consider only the most conclusive proof which exists. Which proof is the most conclusive? Ah yes, that one is very interesting. We will adopt that one as our experimentum crucis. But now, of course, there is always the remote chance that it could be an accident, and we cannot overthrow an important principle on only one example.”